GI Flashcards
What is the primary function of albumin in the bloodstream?
Keeps fluids in the bloodstream from leaking into surrounding tissue and carries hormones, vitamins, and enzymes through the body.
What is bile and its role in digestion?
A fluid critical to the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
What does the liver do with blood from the stomach and intestines?
Filters blood to remove toxins, byproducts, and other harmful substances.
How does the liver regulate amino acids?
It ensures amino acid levels in the bloodstream remain healthy.
What role does the liver play in blood clotting?
It creates blood clotting coagulants using vitamin K, which is absorbed with the help of bile.
What is one way the liver helps resist infections?
By removing bacteria from the bloodstream during the filtering process.
What vitamins and minerals does the liver store?
- Vitamins A, D, E, K, B12
- Iron
- Copper
What happens to excess glucose in the liver?
It removes excess glucose from the bloodstream and stores it as glycogen.
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Releases bile into the small intestine via the bile duct.
What is the mechanical function of the gall bladder?
Emulsifies fat and increases surface area for the action of lipases.
What are the primary functions of the stomach?
- Breaks down food
- Temporarily stores food
- Produces enzymes for digestion
What is the pH range of the stomach and its significance?
pH 1.5 to 3.5, which kills bacteria and helps to denature proteins.
What enzymes does the pancreas produce?
Enzymes that break down fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and acids.
What hormones are produced by the pancreas?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Somatostatin
What is the approximate length of the appendix?
About 9 cm long, but variable in size and shape.
What is the main function of the spleen?
Filters blood to remove old or damaged red blood cells and destroys microorganisms.
How does the spleen regulate blood cell levels?
It regulates the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
What role does the spleen play in the immune system?
Produces lymphocytes, which help fight infection.
What do the kidneys filter from the blood?
Waste, toxins, metabolic waste products, and excess ions.
What hormone do the kidneys produce to regulate blood pressure?
Renin.
What is the function of erythropoietin produced by the kidneys?
Stimulates the production of red blood cells.
What does the small intestine do during digestion?
Breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use.
What nutrients does the small intestine absorb?
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Water
What is one function of the large intestine?
Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible material.
