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Family Medicine > Medicards > Flashcards

Medicards Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis media

A

Bugs: s. pneumo, h flu
Drugs: amox 80mg/kg/day, three doses

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2
Q

Sinusitis

A

Bugs: s pneumo, h flu
Drugs: amox, double dose, or levo

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3
Q

pharyngitis

A

Bugs: group A strep
Drugs: PCN 500mg bid for 10 days
- erythromycin 10 days with allergy
- amox in kids

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4
Q

pneumonia

A

Bugs: s pneumo, atypicals, h flu
Drugs: macrolide, doxy, levo if refractory

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5
Q

travellers diarrhea

A

Bugs: e coli, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, parasite
Drugs: Cipro 500 BID if sxn more than 1 day, blood or fever, azithro for kids
- metro for giardia and entamoeba

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6
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

Bugs: c diff
Drugs: flagyl or PO vanco

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7
Q

UTI

A

Bugs: e coli, gram negs, s sphrophyticus
Drugs: macrobid 100 BID 5 days
- bactrim DS BID 3 days
- cipro 250 BID 3days

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8
Q

Chlamydia

A

a gram of axithro

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9
Q

gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone 250 IM

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10
Q

vagainitis

A

candida - OTC antifungal or 150 fluconazole
BV: flagyl
Trichomonas: flagyl

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11
Q

cellulitis/impetigo/abscess

A
  • diclox/keflex or clinda
  • bacroban for impetigo
  • bacrim/doxy for MRSA
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12
Q

penicillins

A

side effects: GI, allergy, yeast infection, lower seizure threshold, c diff

bugs: group A strep, oral anaerobes, syphilis
- also s pneumoiae

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13
Q

amoxicillin

A
  • good for group A strep, listeria, oral anaerobes
  • OK for s pneumo, enterococcus
  • no staph or gonorrhea
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14
Q

dicloxacillin

A
  • good for s aureus, strep, oral anaerobes
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15
Q

augmentin

A
  • good for group A strep, oral anaerobes, h flu, e coli, pasteurella, s aureus
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16
Q

Audit-C

A
  1. how often do you drink
  2. how many drinks on a typical day
  3. how often more than 6 drinks in one occasion
  4. able to stop
  5. failed to do normal tasks
  6. first morning drink
  7. guilt or remorse
  8. black outs
  9. injured as a result
  10. anyone else concerned
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17
Q

labs for alcoholics

A 
CLUG
CBC - look at MCV
LFTs
Uric acid
GGT
18
Q

naltrexone

A

Pop target: abstain from EtOH and opioids (not currently using) or abstain completely
Side effects: GI upset, depression, LFT elevation
Mechanism: blocks opioid receptor, ID card for safety, unclear why it works for alcohol

19
Q

acamprosate

A

Pop target: want to cut down, or on opioids suboxone or methadone
Side Effects: none
Mechanism: GABA receptor in brain

20
Q

disulfiram

A

Pop target: motivated patient, avoid in frail or with known varices
Side Effects: high BP, severe withdrawal, vomiting with drinking
Mechanism: blocks ETOH pathway, high toxic metabolite

21
Q

Diabetes rule of 3s (microvascular)

A
  • eyes = retinopathy
  • kidneys = microalbumin, ACEi, renal function
  • feet = exam
22
Q

Diabetes rule of 3s (blood sugar)

A
  • A1c = 3-6 months, less than 8
  • lifestyle
  • medications = metformin, oral agents, insulin
23
Q

Diabetes rule of 3s (macrovascular)

A
  • BP 140/90
  • lipids = statin if necessary
  • CVD prevention = smoking, lifestyle, aspirin
24
Q

get up and go test

A

rise from seat, hands across chest, walk 10 feet and return to chair, more than 30 seconds is increased fall risk

25
Q

meds with increased in fall

A

digoxin, antihistamines, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, benzos, diuretics, muscle relaxants, narcotics, laxatives, MAOis, TCAs, vasodilators

26
Q

causes of reversible dementia

A

depression, hypothyroid, normal pressure hydrocephalus, HSV, lyme, HIV, neurosyphilis, uremia, adrenal, hepatic encephalopathy, B12/thiamine, alcohol, tumor

27
Q

causes of delirium (DELIRIUM)

A 
Drugs
Eyes, Ears (sensory)
Low O2
Infection
Retention or urine/stool
Ictal states, intracranial processes
Under hydration/nutrition
Metabolic (natremia, alcohol benzos)
28
Q

confusion assessment method for delirium

A
  1. acute onset and fluctuating course
  2. inattention
  3. disorganized thinking
  4. altered consciousness
    1 and 2 plus 3 or 4
29
Q

ADLs

A

bathing, dressing, toileting, feeding, transferring, continence, ambulation

30
Q

IADLs

A

telephone, travel, shopping, meal prep, housework, medication, money management

31
Q

reversible causes of urinary incontinence (DIAPERS)

A 
Delirium
Infection
Atrophic vaginitis
Pharmaceuticals
Endocrine
Restricted mobility
Stool impaction
32
Q

causes of secondary hypertension

A

pheochromocytoma, renal artery stenosis, renal parenchymal disease, polycystic kidneys, OSA, hyperthyroid, hyperparathyroid, primary aldo, cushing, aortic coarctation

33
Q

CAD Risk factors (CDEFGH)

A 
Cigarettes
Diabetes
Epidemiology 
Family history
Glycerides 
Hypertension
34
Q

Hypertension complications

A

CVA, CAD, CHF, PVD, kidney disease, retinopathy

35
Q

drug classes of hypertensives

A 
ACEi
Beta blockers
CCBs
Diuretic
Everything else
- If A/B add C/D and reverse
36
Q

ACEi

A

Pro: DM, CHF, post MI, CAD, CKD
Con: AKI, bilateral RAS, dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, pregnancy

37
Q

beta blocker

A

Pro: CAD/MI/angina, CHF, tachy-arrhythmias, performance anxiety, headache, glaucoma, tremor
Con: depression, fatigue, stamina, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal, heart block, asthma/COPD, worse in AAs

38
Q

CCBs

A

Pro: CHF (diastolic only), tachy-arrhythmias, angina, headache, raynaud’s
Con: systolic CHF, leg edema, constipation, headache, GERD, heart block

39
Q

diuretics

A

Pro: osteoporosis, kidney stones, peripheral edema, synergistic, cheap
Con: hypokalemia, gout, glucose intolerance, lipid intolerance

40
Q

Four principles of motivational interviewing (RLEA)

A
  • righting reflex
  • listening in order to understand
  • effortless empathy
  • ambivalence - find differences between behavior and values

Family Medicine (4 decks)

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