Medically important Fungi/Medically important Helminths / Medically important acellular microbes

Question 1

what is the life cycle of these fungi

Answer 1

spore stage
growth and colonization
reproduction

Question 2

what is the spore stage?

Answer 2

fungi start life cycle as spores and these spores release into the environment

Question 3

what is the growth stage for fungi?

Answer 3

in favorable circumstances spores germinate and form hyphae and these thread like hyphae can penetrate

Question 4

what is reproduction like for fungi?

Answer 4

as hyphae grows more spores come about

Question 5

what is the cellular structure of fungi

Answer 5

cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
vacuole
endoplasmic reticulum (for protein synthesis)
membrane bound organelles

Question 6

what is the cell wall like for fungi

Answer 6

rigid structure made of chitin

Question 7

what does the nucleus of fungi contain

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

what is the cytoplasm for fungi like?

Answer 8

interior of fungi cell where various cellular processes occur

Question 9

what is the mitochondria for fungi like?

Answer 9

responsible for making energy through cellular respiration

Question 10

what is a vacuole for fungi

Answer 10

it helps maintain the structure of fungi by helping with storage of essential substances

Question 11

what is the endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus for with fungi?

Answer 11

involved in protein synthesis and transport

Question 12

what are membrane bound organelles when thinking of fungi?

Answer 12

have membrane bound organelles making fungi more structurally complex

Question 13

what does it mean when fungi is superficial?

Answer 13

fungi grows on outside layer of skin, hair, nails

Question 14

what does cutaneous fungi mean?

Answer 14

can infect the skin, mucous membranes, underlying tissues

Question 15

what is systemic fungi?

Answer 15

fungi that can affect multiple organs in body and when entering blood stream it can be life threatening, an example would be aspergillus

Question 16

what is a helminth?

Answer 16

a parasitic worm

Question 17

what is the life cycle for helminths?

Answer 17

egg stage
larval stage
infection stage
adult stage
transmission

Question 18

what is the egg stage for helminths?

Answer 18

life cycle begins with production of eggs in hosts body

Question 19

what is the larval stage for helminths?

Answer 19

after being released by host the eggs hatch into larvae and adapt until finding a host

Question 20

what is the infection stage for helminths?

Answer 20

the helminth can enter new host through various ways

Question 21

what is the adult stage for helminths?

Answer 21

inside host larvae develop into adult helminths and can reproduce further

Question 22

what is transmission for helminths?

Answer 22

eggs or larvae produced by adult helminths leave host body and enter a new environment for a new host

Question 23

how are viruses classified

Answer 23

genetic material
symmetry/shape
envelope
host specificity
replication strategy

Question 24

what is viruses genetic material?

Answer 24

can have DNA or RNA

Question 25

what is the situation with viruses and their envelope?

Answer 25

some viruses have an outer envelope made of lipids while others may not

Question 26

what is the replication strategy for viruses like?

Answer 26

the virus can replicate within the host cells, whether its through lytic or lysogenic cycle or other methods.

Question 27

what is the lytic cycle?

Answer 27

the virus infects the hosts cell and takes over and replicates itself and then bursts to release new virus particles destroying the host cell

Question 28

what is the lysogenic cycle?

Answer 28

the virus infects the host cell and integrates its genetic material DNA or RNA into the hosts DNA.

Question 29

in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is prophage? bacteria or animal?

Answer 29

bacteria

Question 30

in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is provirus? bacteria or animal?

Answer 30

animal

Question 31

what is the viral structure/anatomy like for viruses?

Answer 31

genetic material protein coat(capsid) envelope surface proteins don't have ability replicate and metabolize on their own

Question 32

what is genetic material of a virus like

Answer 32

can be DNA or RNA

Question 33

what is the protein coat (capsid) of virus?

Answer 33

surrounding genetic material, viruses have a protective protein coat called capsid

Question 34

what is the envelope like for viruses

Answer 34

some have an outer lipid envelope from the hosts cell membrane, helps virus enter and exit hosts cells

Question 35

what are surface proteins for viruses

Answer 35

on the outside viruses have specific proteins on their outer surface that allow them to attach and infect host cells

Question 36

what is the life cycle like for the virus

Answer 36

attachment virus enters cell by engulfing or fusion replication assembly release infection

Question 37

what is attachment in the virus life cycle?

Answer 37

virus attaches to a host

Question 38

what is replication for a virus like in the life cycle?

Answer 38

once inside the host the virus releases genetic material (DNA/RNA) and uses host resources to replicate

Question 39

what is assembly in virus life cycle

Answer 39

new virus particles assembled

Question 40

what is release in virus life cycle?

Answer 40

newly formed virus particles released from host cells

Question 41

what are some treatments for the virus

Answer 41

antiviral medication vaccination prevention measures antiviral therapy immune therapy