Medically important Fungi/Medically important Helminths / Medically important acellular microbes Flashcards
what is the life cycle of these fungi
spore stage
growth and colonization
reproduction
what is the spore stage?
fungi start life cycle as spores and these spores release into the environment
what is the growth stage for fungi?
in favorable circumstances spores germinate and form hyphae and these thread like hyphae can penetrate
what is reproduction like for fungi?
as hyphae grows more spores come about
what is the cellular structure of fungi
cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
vacuole
endoplasmic reticulum (for protein synthesis)
membrane bound organelles
what is the cell wall like for fungi
rigid structure made of chitin
what does the nucleus of fungi contain
DNA
what is the cytoplasm for fungi like?
interior of fungi cell where various cellular processes occur
what is the mitochondria for fungi like?
responsible for making energy through cellular respiration
what is a vacuole for fungi
it helps maintain the structure of fungi by helping with storage of essential substances
what is the endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus for with fungi?
involved in protein synthesis and transport
what are membrane bound organelles when thinking of fungi?
have membrane bound organelles making fungi more structurally complex
what does it mean when fungi is superficial?
fungi grows on outside layer of skin, hair, nails
what does cutaneous fungi mean?
can infect the skin, mucous membranes, underlying tissues
what is systemic fungi?
fungi that can affect multiple organs in body and when entering blood stream it can be life threatening, an example would be aspergillus
what is a helminth?
a parasitic worm
what is the life cycle for helminths?
egg stage
larval stage
infection stage
adult stage
transmission
what is the egg stage for helminths?
life cycle begins with production of eggs in hosts body
what is the larval stage for helminths?
after being released by host the eggs hatch into larvae and adapt until finding a host
what is the infection stage for helminths?
the helminth can enter new host through various ways
what is the adult stage for helminths?
inside host larvae develop into adult helminths and can reproduce further
what is transmission for helminths?
eggs or larvae produced by adult helminths leave host body and enter a new environment for a new host
how are viruses classified
genetic material
symmetry/shape
envelope
host specificity
replication strategy
what is viruses genetic material?
can have DNA or RNA
what is the situation with viruses and their envelope?
some viruses have an outer envelope made of lipids while others may not
what is the replication strategy for viruses like?
the virus can replicate within the host cells, whether its through lytic or lysogenic cycle or other methods.
what is the lytic cycle?
the virus infects the hosts cell and takes over and replicates itself and then bursts to release new virus particles destroying the host cell
what is the lysogenic cycle?
the virus infects the host cell and integrates its genetic material DNA or RNA into the hosts DNA.
in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is prophage? bacteria or animal?
bacteria
in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is provirus? bacteria or animal?
animal
what is the viral structure/anatomy like for viruses?
genetic material
protein coat(capsid)
envelope
surface proteins
don’t have ability replicate and metabolize on their own
what is genetic material of a virus like
can be DNA or RNA
what is the protein coat (capsid) of virus?
surrounding genetic material, viruses have a protective protein coat called capsid
what is the envelope like for viruses
some have an outer lipid envelope from the hosts cell membrane, helps virus enter and exit hosts cells
what are surface proteins for viruses
on the outside viruses have specific proteins on their outer surface that allow them to attach and infect host cells
what is the life cycle like for the virus
attachment
virus enters cell by engulfing or fusion
replication
assembly
release
infection
what is attachment in the virus life cycle?
virus attaches to a host
what is replication for a virus like in the life cycle?
once inside the host the virus releases genetic material (DNA/RNA) and uses host resources to replicate
what is assembly in virus life cycle
new virus particles assembled
what is release in virus life cycle?
newly formed virus particles released from host cells
what are some treatments for the virus
antiviral medication
vaccination
prevention measures
antiviral therapy
immune therapy
