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bio 211 quiz 2 > Medically important Fungi/Medically important Helminths / Medically important acellular microbes > Flashcards

Medically important Fungi/Medically important Helminths / Medically important acellular microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the life cycle of these fungi

A

spore stage
growth and colonization
reproduction

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2
Q

what is the spore stage?

A

fungi start life cycle as spores and these spores release into the environment

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3
Q

what is the growth stage for fungi?

A

in favorable circumstances spores germinate and form hyphae and these thread like hyphae can penetrate

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4
Q

what is reproduction like for fungi?

A

as hyphae grows more spores come about

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5
Q

what is the cellular structure of fungi

A

cell wall
nucleus
cytoplasm
mitochondria
vacuole
endoplasmic reticulum (for protein synthesis)
membrane bound organelles

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6
Q

what is the cell wall like for fungi

A

rigid structure made of chitin

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7
Q

what does the nucleus of fungi contain

A

DNA

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8
Q

what is the cytoplasm for fungi like?

A

interior of fungi cell where various cellular processes occur

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9
Q

what is the mitochondria for fungi like?

A

responsible for making energy through cellular respiration

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10
Q

what is a vacuole for fungi

A

it helps maintain the structure of fungi by helping with storage of essential substances

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11
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus for with fungi?

A

involved in protein synthesis and transport

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12
Q

what are membrane bound organelles when thinking of fungi?

A

have membrane bound organelles making fungi more structurally complex

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13
Q

what does it mean when fungi is superficial?

A

fungi grows on outside layer of skin, hair, nails

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14
Q

what does cutaneous fungi mean?

A

can infect the skin, mucous membranes, underlying tissues

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15
Q

what is systemic fungi?

A

fungi that can affect multiple organs in body and when entering blood stream it can be life threatening, an example would be aspergillus

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16
Q

what is a helminth?

A

a parasitic worm

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17
Q

what is the life cycle for helminths?

A

egg stage
larval stage
infection stage
adult stage
transmission

18
Q

what is the egg stage for helminths?

A

life cycle begins with production of eggs in hosts body

19
Q

what is the larval stage for helminths?

A

after being released by host the eggs hatch into larvae and adapt until finding a host

20
Q

what is the infection stage for helminths?

A

the helminth can enter new host through various ways

21
Q

what is the adult stage for helminths?

A

inside host larvae develop into adult helminths and can reproduce further

22
Q

what is transmission for helminths?

A

eggs or larvae produced by adult helminths leave host body and enter a new environment for a new host

23
Q

how are viruses classified

A

genetic material
symmetry/shape
envelope
host specificity
replication strategy

24
Q

what is viruses genetic material?

A

can have DNA or RNA

25
Q

what is the situation with viruses and their envelope?

A

some viruses have an outer envelope made of lipids while others may not

26
Q

what is the replication strategy for viruses like?

A

the virus can replicate within the host cells, whether its through lytic or lysogenic cycle or other methods.

27
Q

what is the lytic cycle?

A

the virus infects the hosts cell and takes over and replicates itself and then bursts to release new virus particles destroying the host cell

28
Q

what is the lysogenic cycle?

A

the virus infects the host cell and integrates its genetic material DNA or RNA into the hosts DNA.

29
Q

in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is prophage? bacteria or animal?

A

bacteria

30
Q

in the lysogenic cycle the combination of genetic material what is provirus? bacteria or animal?

A

animal

31
Q

what is the viral structure/anatomy like for viruses?

A

genetic material
protein coat(capsid)
envelope
surface proteins
don’t have ability replicate and metabolize on their own

32
Q

what is genetic material of a virus like

A

can be DNA or RNA

33
Q

what is the protein coat (capsid) of virus?

A

surrounding genetic material, viruses have a protective protein coat called capsid

34
Q

what is the envelope like for viruses

A

some have an outer lipid envelope from the hosts cell membrane, helps virus enter and exit hosts cells

35
Q

what are surface proteins for viruses

A

on the outside viruses have specific proteins on their outer surface that allow them to attach and infect host cells

36
Q

what is the life cycle like for the virus

A

attachment
virus enters cell by engulfing or fusion
replication
assembly
release
infection

37
Q

what is attachment in the virus life cycle?

A

virus attaches to a host

38
Q

what is replication for a virus like in the life cycle?

A

once inside the host the virus releases genetic material (DNA/RNA) and uses host resources to replicate

39
Q

what is assembly in virus life cycle

A

new virus particles assembled

40
Q

what is release in virus life cycle?

A

newly formed virus particles released from host cells

41
Q

what are some treatments for the virus

A

antiviral medication
vaccination
prevention measures
antiviral therapy
immune therapy

bio 211 quiz 2 (3 decks)

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