Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

clinical medicine ID > medically important bacteria > Flashcards

medically important bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

borrelia

A

lyme disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

C diff characteristics?

A

anaerobic spore forming bacillus
-the toxin it makes is the problem
-feccal oral transmission, noscomial infection
-most common cause of infectious diahrrea in the hospital
-major cause of antibiotic associated colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common antibiotics that lead to cdiff

A

clindamycin and ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fever, abdominal, pain, diahrrea, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, anasarca, actue kindey injury, edema, arthritis, ascities are s+s of?

A

c.diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to diagnose c diff

A

enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for glutamate dehydrogenase of c.diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is glutamate dehydrogenase

A

an antigen
-essential enzyme produced
-this does NOT distinguish between toxogenic and nontoxogenic strains
-fast results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cdiff pcr

A

detects toxin a and b genes
-high sensitivity and potential for a false positive
-use a broad spectrum gi panel too bc not all c diff causes problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how to manage cdiff?

A

-discontinue antibiotics
-hydration
-electrolyte replacement
-avoid antimotility agents due to the risk of toxin megacolon
-bleach
-hand washing
-alc does NOT work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why do you have to use oral vancomycin?

A

bc it is the only thing that will target the c diff, iv would not treat it
-oral can not enter the blood stream so ONLY for c diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is pseudomembranous colitis?

A

more severe c diff with major gut inflammation
-damage and ulcerated tissue
-can also be part of CMV, e coli, salmonella, IBD, medication
-hemorrhagic mucosa, edematous and ulcerated
-colon succeptible to hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a patient cant tolerate oral vancomycin?

A

-intracolonic vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is bezlotuxomab?

A

a monoclonal antibody to prevent recurrence cdiff
-neutralizes toxin B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

do you treat asymptomatic carriers?

A

no
-many shed it wit h no diahrrea or active infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pseudomonas aureginosa si typically what kind of infection?

A

nosocomial pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is p. auregenosa typically found?

A

decaying vegetation
-they are non-fermenters but metabaolize many things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what kind of bacteria is p. auregenosa?

A

gram neg rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why does p.auregenosa typically need to be treated many times?

A

it has a high virulence factor and normally does not clear with first time treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

t or f p. auregenos ais an aerobe

A

-yes but it could grow anaerobically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

exotoxin A, biofilm, capsule, elastases, proteases, siderophores belong to what?

A

p.auregenosa virulence factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what makes p.auregenosa antibiotic resistant?

A

it can efflux antibiotic out
-porins and beta lactamases
-biofilm also helps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what sydromes can p. auregenos infection cause?

A

pneumonia, skin infection (burn victim, folliculitis, ecthyma gangrenosum) , uti, otitis externa
-bad for ventilators and CF pts
-sepsis in immunocomp
-nail infection, contacts, diabetic foot infection, neurosurgery hardware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is p.auregenosa most common

A

-in hopsital
-ventilator pneumonia
-surgical site infection
-catheter uti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does p.auregenosa look like on culture media?

A

green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how can you identify p.auregenosa?

A

-green color of pyocyanin
-grape juice scent
-metallic sheen
-pt might just be colonized not infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do we treat p.auregenosa?

A

zosine, ticarcillin, cefepime, ceftazidime, carbapenems, aminoglycosides
-remove the hardware/ catheter
-debridement of necrotic tissue
-sometimes might need to combo 2 abx

26
Q

how would you treat a pt ventilated with pseudomonas?

A

-change the tube
-ct to check for evident of pneumonia
-antipseudemonas abx

27
Q

why is limiting broad spectrum antibiotics helpful for pseudomonas?

A

-reduces resistance

28
Q

what is staphylococcal main virulence factor?

A

methicillin resistance and sensitivity
-first line treatment often doesnt work

29
Q

where can we find staph in patient?

A

lung, csf, meningitis,

30
Q

where can we find staff out patient?

A

mrsa

31
Q

what is mrsa?

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus

32
Q

t or f staph is a normal flora of skin and mucosa?

A

t

33
Q

complications of staph/ types of staph infections

A

-skin soft tissue, bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis/ septic arthritis,

34
Q

enzymes (coagulase, leucocidin) that destroy and spread through tissue, protease, nuclease, fibrinolysin, biofilm, hyaluronidase (spread factor), enterotoxin, tss, are all virulence of?

A

s.aureeus

35
Q

what is enterotoxin?

A

food poisoning
-dont need antibiotics the toxin stimulates the gut and you get sick and vomit

36
Q

leucocidin

A

destorys wbc
-s.aureus

37
Q

what if u have a skin infection?

A

drain the abscess, send the fluid to lab to culture, may need antibiotic if it is causing cellulitis so monitor surrounding tissue

38
Q

staph toxin causes?

A

-food poisoning
-tss (fever hypotension, multi system involvement, rash erythroderma, tampon or foreign body)

39
Q

staph scalded skin syndrome

A

toxin is produced that peels off the top layer of skin

40
Q

what is methicillin resistance mediated by?

A

-pbp-21 (a penicillin binding protein encoded by the mecA gene that permits the organism to grow and divide in the presence of methicillin and other beta lactam antibiotics)

41
Q

risk factors of mrsa

A

-abx, hiv, iv drug usage, catheter, long term care, hospitalization

42
Q

how to diagnose mrsa?

A

pcr that targets the mecAgene
-blood culture (much slower)

43
Q

what is the main cause of bacteremia related to drug users?

A

s aureus
-this is a direct inoculation

44
Q

other common causes of s aureus bacteremia

A

intravascular catheter, chronic hemodyalysis, skin infection, uti, surgery

45
Q

complications of bacteremia

A

-sepsis and metastatic infection that can cause endocarditis and abscesses

46
Q

1 cause of bacterial endocarditis?

A

s.aureus
-native or prosthetic valve
-common in IV drug users

47
Q

complications of endocarditis from s aureua

A

heart failure, valve destruction, metastatic infection/ septic emboli

48
Q

what is a common cause of strep pneumonia?

A

alpha strep
-protection from the strep pneumoniae vax

49
Q

otitis media, peritonsillar abscess, sinusitis, strep throat can be caused by?

A

group a strep

50
Q

complications of group a strep

A

rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, acute glomerulonephritis
-happens bc it triggers the immune system

51
Q

how to diagnose strep?

A

tonsillar exudate (white patches), tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fever without a cough

52
Q

what is the test for step

A

-throat culture, rapid antigen detection test (RADT) or molecular point of care test (POC) for GAS

53
Q

how are we going to treat gas?

A

-reduce symptoms, prevent complications and spread, prevent RF, pnc/ amoxicillin

54
Q

what are alternatives abx for gas

A

-cephalosporins, clindamycin, macrolides

55
Q

what is scarlet fever and what can it lead to?

A

a delayed skin rx to the toxin
-high risk of developing into rheumatic fever

56
Q

what toxin does strep produce?

A

-erythrogenic toxin type A, B or C

57
Q

characteristics of scarlet fever

A

-blanches with pressure, papular elevations, “sandpaper skin”, starts in groun and armpits, strawberry tongue, covers the tunk, predisposes acute RF

58
Q

what can RF lead to years later

A

cardiovascular disease

59
Q

how long until the signs of RF from a strep infection?

A

-latent period of 2-3 weeks till first symptom appears

60
Q

what is rf?

A

-systemic inflammation, carditis, arthritis, affects large joints, valvulities, can sometimes spread to cns, nodes

61
Q

how to treat rf?

A

eradicate group a beta hemolytic strep (gas)
-manage symtoms

clinical medicine ID (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions