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Medical Terms PATH Flashcards

1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this most often refers to the participant’s legs separating or moving away from each other

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2
Q

Adaptive Behavior

A

Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the natural and social demands of the environment

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3
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s legs moving together. An individual who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty sitting astride the equine.

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4
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body, OR toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior is synonymous with ventral, which means “toward the abdomen”

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5
Q

Asymmetrical

A

Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s position on the equine, as in and individual w/ hemiplegia or scoliosis

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6
Q

Ataxia

A

Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy. (my interpretation - Uncoordinated)

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7
Q

Athetosis

A

A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy

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8
Q

Bilateral

A

Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For ex, a participant who has bilateral hearing aids wears hearing aids on both ears

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9
Q

Bilateral Motor Coordination

A

Skill and performance is purposeful movement that requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner

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10
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Congenital

A

Existing from birth

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12
Q

Contracture

A

A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA

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13
Q

Crossing midline

A

Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline effectively

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14
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen in the blood

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15
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. Decubitus ulcers on a weight-bearing surface of the body are a contraindication to riding

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16
Q

Developmental Disability

A

A disability that interrupts or delays the typical developmental sequence

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17
Q

Diplegia

A

Quadriplegia with greater involvement of the lower body than upper body. Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral palsy has significant involvement (more affected) of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less affected.

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18
Q

Distal

A

Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g. hand is distal to the elbow).

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19
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.

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20
Q

Edema

A

Swelling

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21
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizure disorder

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22
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state of balance

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23
Q

Extension

A

To straighten the body or a joint. For ex: extension of the elbow results in straightening the arm

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24
Q

External Rotation

A

To rotate outward away from the body’s midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation

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25
Q

External Rotation

A

To rotate outward away from the body’s midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation

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26
Q

Flaccid

A

A complete lack of tension in muscles; excessively relaxed or floppy. An individual who has had a spinal cord injury may experience flaccid muscles below the level of injury. Flaccid muscles surrounding a joint can cause instability of the joint

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27
Q

Flexion

A

To bend the body or a joint. Ex: flexion of the knee results in the leg being bent.

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28
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis or paresis involving one side of the body, either right or left side. May be a characteristic of brain injury or cerebral palsy.

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29
Q

Hyperextension

A

Straightening of a joint beyond the joints normal position

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30
Q

Hypertonia

A

Increased resting tension of a muscle. This may make it more difficult to move a part of the body in a particular direction.

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31
Q

Hypotonia

A

Decreased resting tension of a muscle. This may cause the person to use greater effort to move or hold themselves up against gravity. Hypotonia may cause greater instability of joints

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32
Q

Inferior

A

Below or lower than, in reference to anatomy. Ex; the ankle is inferior to the knee

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33
Q

Internal Rotation

A

To rotate inward toward the body’s midline. In EAAT, it is most often discussed in relation to the hips. Internal rotation of the hip results in the thigh turning inward, toward the other leg, so that the knee points toward the other leg. Internal rotation of the hip results in increased susceptibility to hip subluxation or dislocation

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34
Q

Kinesthesia

A

Conscious perception of extent, direction, position and weight of movement of the body in space. Kinesthesia relies on the proprioceptive and vestibular senses.

Proprioception, otherwise known as kinesthesia, is your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location.

relating to a vestibule, particularly that of the inner ear, or more generally to the sense of balance

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35
Q

Kyphosis

A

An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively rounded upper back. Kyphosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding

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36
Q

Lateral

A

Side, or to the side

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37
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Movement of the head and/or trunk sideways, away from the midline of the body. Lateral flexion is observed in the rider’s trunk as they sit on a walking equine.

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38
Q

Lordosis

A

An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively arched lower back. Lordosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding

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39
Q

Medial

A

Toward the center of the bod

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40
Q

Microtrauma

A

Slight injury or lesion

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41
Q

Midline

A

Imaginary straight line through the center of the body from head to toe

42
Q

Muscle Tone

A

The resting tension of a muscle that contract without excess slack or shortening

43
Q

Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO)

A

Tall leg braces that help to position and/or support the leg for walking, up to mid-thigh. KAFOs often need to be removed before riding

44
Q

Occlude

A

To close up or block off

45
Q

Ocular Control

A

The basis of all aspects of vision consisting of 3 components: Fixation: Holding the eyes still in order to look at something
Visual Tracking: Ability to follow movement with the eyes after first fixating the eyes on something
Focus: The ability to rapidly change from looking at a near to far object, or from far to near

46
Q

Orthosis

A

A brace to support used to position, align or support a part of the body. The plural of orthosis is “orthoses”

47
Q

Paresis

A

Partial or incomplete paralysis, involving muscle weakness

48
Q

Praxis

A

Skill and performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning

49
Q

Pronation

A

Turning the palm of the hand down or tipping the sole of the foot so that the weight is shifted to the arch of the foot

50
Q

Proprioception

A

Sense of body awareness in space

51
Q

Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this most often refers to the participant’s legs separating or moving away from each other

52
Q

Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the natural and social demands of the environment

A

Adaptive Behavior

53
Q

Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s legs moving together. An individual who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty sitting astride the equine.

54
Q

The front of the body, OR toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior is synonymous with ventral, which means “toward the abdomen”

55
Q

Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s position on the equine, as in and individual w/ hemiplegia or scoliosis

A

Asymmetrical

56
Q

Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy. (my interpretation - Uncoordinated)

57
Q

A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy

58
Q

Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For ex, a participant who has bilateral hearing aids wears hearing aids on both ears

59
Q

Skill and performance is purposeful movement that requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner

A

Bilateral Motor Coordination

60
Q

The brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

61
Q

Existing from birth

A

Congenital

62
Q

A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA

A

Contracture

63
Q

Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline effectively

A

Crossing midline

64
Q

A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen in the blood

65
Q

A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. Decubitus ulcers on a weight-bearing surface of the body are a contraindication to riding

A

Decubitus Ulcer

66
Q

A disability that interrupts or delays the typical developmental sequence

A

Developmental Disability

67
Q

Quadriplegia with greater involvement of the lower body than upper body. Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral palsy has significant involvement (more affected) of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less affected.

68
Q

Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g. hand is distal to the elbow).

69
Q

Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.

A

Dorsiflexion

70
Q

Swelling

71
Q

Seizure disorder

72
Q

A state of balance

A

Equilibrium

73
Q

To straighten the body or a joint. For ex: extension of the elbow results in straightening the arm

74
Q

To rotate outward away from the body’s midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation

A

External Rotation

75
Q

To rotate outward away from the body’s midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation

A

External Rotation

76
Q

A complete lack of tension in muscles; excessively relaxed or floppy. An individual who has had a spinal cord injury may experience flaccid muscles below the level of injury. Flaccid muscles surrounding a joint can cause instability of the joint

77
Q

To bend the body or a joint. Ex: flexion of the knee results in the leg being bent.

78
Q

Paralysis or paresis involving one side of the body, either right or left side. May be a characteristic of brain injury or cerebral palsy.

A

Hemiplegia

79
Q

Straightening of a joint beyond the joints normal position

A

Hyperextension

80
Q

Increased resting tension of a muscle. This may make it more difficult to move a part of the body in a particular direction.

A

Hypertonia

81
Q

Decreased resting tension of a muscle. This may cause the person to use greater effort to move or hold themselves up against gravity. Hypotonia may cause greater instability of joints

82
Q

Below or lower than, in reference to anatomy. Ex; the ankle is inferior to the knee

83
Q

To rotate inward toward the body’s midline. In EAAT, it is most often discussed in relation to the hips. Internal rotation of the hip results in the thigh turning inward, toward the other leg, so that the knee points toward the other leg. Internal rotation of the hip results in increased susceptibility to hip subluxation or dislocation

A

Internal Rotation

84
Q

Conscious perception of extent, direction, position and weight of movement of the body in space. Kinesthesia relies on the proprioceptive and vestibular senses.

Proprioception, otherwise known as kinesthesia, is your body’s ability to sense movement, action, and location.

relating to a vestibule, particularly that of the inner ear, or more generally to the sense of balance

A

Kinesthesia

85
Q

An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively rounded upper back. Kyphosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding

86
Q

Side, or to the side

87
Q

Movement of the head and/or trunk sideways, away from the midline of the body. Lateral flexion is observed in the rider’s trunk as they sit on a walking equine.

A

Lateral Flexion

88
Q

An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively arched lower back. Lordosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding

89
Q

Toward the center of the bod

90
Q

Slight injury or lesion

A

Microtrauma

91
Q

Imaginary straight line through the center of the body from head to toe

92
Q

The resting tension of a muscle that contract without excess slack or shortening

A

Muscle Tone

93
Q

Tall leg braces that help to position and/or support the leg for walking, up to mid-thigh. KAFOs often need to be removed before riding

A

Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO)

94
Q

To close up or block off

95
Q

The basis of all aspects of vision consisting of 3 components: Fixation: Holding the eyes still in order to look at something
Visual Tracking: Ability to follow movement with the eyes after first fixating the eyes on something
Focus: The ability to rapidly change from looking at a near to far object, or from far to near

A

Ocular Control

96
Q

A brace to support used to position, align or support a part of the body. The plural of orthosis is “orthoses”

97
Q

Partial or incomplete paralysis, involving muscle weakness

98
Q

Skill and performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning

99
Q

Turning the palm of the hand down or tipping the sole of the foot so that the weight is shifted to the arch of the foot

100
Q

Sense of body awareness in space

A

Proprioception

PATH terminology (4 decks)

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