Medical Terms Flashcards

Question

Hypertension

Answer 1

Higher-than-normal blood pressure. Secondary hypertension is caused by a different medical problem, such as kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands. When then other problem is resolved the secondary hypertension usually improves. Malignant hypertension is characterized by very high blood pressure. This condition, which can be fatal, is usually accompanied by damage to the organs, brain and optic nerves or failure of the heart and kidneys.

Answer 2

Lower-than-normal arterial blood pressure. Symptoms can include dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting. Orthostatic hypotension, aka postural hypotension is low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up. Orthodontic means relating to an upright or standing position.

Answer 3

Invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

Answer 4

A localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues that is characterized by heat, redness, swelling and pain

Answer 5

Between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

Answer 6

Within the muscle

Answer 7

A torn, jagged wound or an accidental cut wound

Answer 8

A pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

Answer 9

A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

Answer 10

Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

Answer 11

Any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord

Answer 12

Any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue

Answer 13

The rupture of a muscle

Answer 14

Pertaining to birth

Answer 15

Study of disorders of a newborn

Answer 16

Suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

Answer 17

Study of the ears, nose and theoat

Answer 18

An examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

Answer 19

A pounding or racing heart

Answer 20

The study of all aspects of diseases

Answer 21

The bones of the fingers and toes. Big toe has two phalanges and each of the others have 3. Phalanx is a single finger or toe.

Answer 22

A viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord

Answer 23

A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

Answer 24

Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

Answer 25

Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus

Answer 26

The temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure

Answer 27

Objective evidence of disease, such as a fever

Answer 28

The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward

Answer 29

The formation or discharge of pus

Answer 30

Above or outside the ribs

Answer 31

Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache

Answer 32

A set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

Answer 33

Inflammation of the tonsils

Answer 34

Wound or injury

Answer 35

Medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment

Answer 36

Pertaining to a virus

Answer 37

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

Answer 38

The surgical removal of a gland

Answer 39

A malignant tumor that originated in glandular tissue

Answer 40

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

Answer 41

Abnormal softening of a gland

Answer 42

Abnormal hardening of a gland

Answer 43

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Answer 44

The study of the structures of the body

Answer 45

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

Answer 46

Situated in front

Answer 47

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Answer 48

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

Answer 49

Toward the lower part of the body

Answer 50

Toward the head

Answer 51

A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

Answer 52

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

Answer 53

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Answer 54

The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

Answer 55

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

Answer 56

Back of the body or organ

Answer 57

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Answer 58

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

Answer 59

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 60

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Answer 61

The region located above the stomach

Answer 62

The study of the causes of diseases

Answer 63

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body

Answer 64

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Answer 65

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Answer 66

A physician who specializes in the care of older people

Answer 67

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

Answer 68

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

Answer 69

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Answer 70

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

Answer 71

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues

Answer 72

The region of the abdomen that is below the stomach

Answer 73

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

Answer 74

Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Answer 75

An illness without known cause

Answer 76

Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

Answer 77

Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

Answer 78

The direction toward or nearer the midline

Answer 79

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attached parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Answer 80

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

Answer 81

A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Answer 82

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

Answer 83

The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

Answer 84

The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place with the abdominal cavity

Answer 85

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 86

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

Answer 87

The study of the functions of the body structures

Answer 88

Situated in the back or on the back part of an organ

Answer 89

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

Answer 90

Located behind the peritoneum

Answer 91

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

Answer 92

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs also known as the chest cavity

Answer 93

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Answer 94

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

Answer 95

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

Answer 96

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

Answer 97

Pertaining to the skull

Answer 98

The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Answer 99

Pertaining to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit

Answer 100

Refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen, including the groin, which is the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.

Answer 101

Part of the thorax/abdomen region below the ribs. Also an individual with an abnormal concern for his or her health.

Answer 102

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located above the stomach

Answer 103

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located near the inward curve of the spine. Part of the ribs between the ribs and pelvis.

Answer 104

Part of the thorqx/abdomen region that Surrounds the umbilicus, which is commonly known as the belly button or navel. This pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

Answer 105

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located near the hip bones

Answer 106

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located below the stomach

Answer 107

A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

Answer 108

A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ.

Answer 109

A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

Answer 110

The inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 111

Relating to internal organs.

Answer 112

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Answer 113

The study of the anatomy

Answer 114

Study of the causes of diseases

Answer 115

Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area.

Answer 116

Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body. (IE chicken pox which has a rash is an organic disorder by a virus)

Answer 117

The congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubal.

Answer 118

The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

Answer 119

Living tissue made up of mostly collagens d calcium which can grow and repair itself. Collagen is a protein providing the framework and calcium is a mineral that adds strength and hardness. The combo of both make bones flexible and strong enough to withstand stress.

Answer 120

The point at which two or more bones are connected.

Answer 121

Lining that beeps bones from grinding against each other. Softer than bones and found in many other body parts such as rib cage, external ear, tip of nose and intervertebral disks.

Answer 122

Strong, elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones.

Answer 123

Fluid-filled sac that cushions areas subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.

Answer 124

Bones of skull dividend into 2 groups… cranium and face. The 8 bones that form the cranium protect the brain. There are 14 bones that form the face. The auditory ossicles are 3 tiny bones located in each middle ear.

Answer 125

Protects the heart and lungs. Consists of 25 ribs, sternum (breastbone), and 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spinal column.

Answer 126

Aka as the vertebrae column, the spinal column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. The bony structures of the spinal column are called vertebrae. There are 26 vertebrae - 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx. The intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers that separate and cushion them from each other.

Answer 127

Bones of the arms, forearms, wrists, hands and fingers.

Answer 128

Aka pectoral girdle, is a set of bones which connects to the arms on each side. These bones are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements.

Answer 129

Bones of the hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet and toes.

Answer 130

A largely immobile bony, weight-bearing structure that provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs.

Answer 131

Largest bone in body - thigh bone. Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket). The femoral neck is the narrow area just below the head of the femur.

Answer 132

Aka jawbone

Answer 133

Aka tailbone

Answer 134

Bones that form the wrist

Answer 135

A band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract. Contraction is stimulated by nerve impulses and triggers the movement of the muscle. When the impulse is removed the muscle relaxes back to its natural state. This pattern of contraction and relaxation is responsible for all the movements in the body. The 3 types of muscles are skeletal, smooth, and myocardial.

Answer 136

Attached to the bones and help limbs and other body parts move. These muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. They are also known as striated muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.

Answer 137

Make up the walls of the hollow organs (intestines, stomach, urinary bladder, uterus), blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. These muscles are under involuntary control, which means they are not consciously directed. Smooth muscles do not have striations.

Answer 138

Aka cardiac muscles, make up the wall of the heart and are responsible for the forceful contractions of the heart. The action of these muscles is involuntary.

Answer 139

Densely woven sheath of connective tissue that supports muscles, bones, nerves, arteries and veins, and surrounds virtually every organ of the human body, including the heart, lungs, brain and spinal cord. One continuous structure from head to toe. It’s also mostly collagen so it’s very flexible.

Answer 140

Tough cords of tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones. Tendons and muscles work together and exert a pulling force to move the bone. The largest tendon on the human body is the Achille’s tendon, which attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone.

Answer 141

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket

Answer 142

Originating within another (ie allogenic bone marrow transplant uses bone marrow from a compatible donor but must be a perfect match).

Answer 143

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Answer 144

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

Answer 145

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

Answer 146

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Answer 147

Originating within the individual (ie autologous bone marrow transplant is when patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells which have been harvested and treated).

Answer 148

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

Answer 149

The abnormal softening of cartilage

Answer 150

A fractured in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Answer 151

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

Answer 152

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Answer 153

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

Answer 154

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Answer 155

A low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

Answer 156

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of iron acid crystals on the joints

Answer 157

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion

Answer 158

Blood within a joint

Answer 159

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Answer 160

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Answer 161

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

Answer 162

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s himp

Answer 163

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

Answer 164

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback

Answer 165

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; aka low back pain

Answer 166

The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Answer 167

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Answer 168

The five bones that form the back of the hand

Answer 169

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

Answer 170

Type of cancer that occurs in the blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

Answer 171

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture

Answer 172

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; aka an orthopedist

Answer 173

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

Answer 174

Inflammation of a bone

Answer 175

The type of arthritis commonly associated with aging; aka wear-and-tear arthritis. Known as a degenerative joint disease because it is characterized by wearing away of the particular cartilage within the joints. Also characterized by hyper trophy of bone and the formation of osteophytes, aka bone spurs.

Answer 176

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Answer 177

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Answer 178

Aka adult rickets / Abnormal softening of bones in adults / caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphate.

Answer 179

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Answer 180

Thinner-than-average bone density

Answer 181

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently asssocisted with aging. Osteoporosis is primarily responsible for 3 types of fractures: compression fracture aka vertebrae crush fracture, Colles’ fracture, osteoporotic hip fracture.

Answer 182

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as a result of a fall

Answer 183

Surgical suturing or working together of bones

Answer 184

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

Answer 185

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer

Answer 186

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

Answer 187

Inflammation of the periosteum

Answer 188

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Answer 189

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

Answer 190

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated (aka implant).

Answer 191

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. As RA progressively attacks the synovial membranes they become inflamed and thickened so that the joints are increasingly swollen painful and immobile.

Answer 192

Deficiency disease in children characterized by defective bone growth caused by a lack of vitamin D

Answer 193

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 194

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

Answer 195

Fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Answer 196

Forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

Answer 197

Degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; aka spinal osteoarthritis

Answer 198

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Answer 199

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Answer 200

Bony structural units of the spinal column

Answer 201

Process by which a newborn skeleton of membranes and cartilage turn to bone (after 3 months)

Answer 202

See chart in chapter 3 page 59. Periosteum, compact bone, cortical bone, spongy bone aka cancellous bone, long bone, medullary cavity, endosteum

Answer 203

Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and tmj joint of the jaw

Answer 204

Diaphysis, epiphyses, foramen, foramen magnum, process, mastoid process

Answer 205

Soft spots which help facilitate the passage of infant through the birth canal and then allows the skull to grow during the first year.

Answer 206

Ch 3 page 61. Synovial capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, bursa

Answer 207

Anything that is attached to a major part of the body

Answer 208

Referring to an appendage

Answer 209

The terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg

Answer 210

Ch 3 pg 62 8 bones enclose and protect the brain: frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, occipital bone, 2 temporal bones, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone

Answer 211

The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull. A meatus is the external opening of a canal

Answer 212

3 tiny bones located in each middle ear. These bones are known as the malleus, incus, and stapes

Answer 213

Ch 3 pg 62 14 bones

Answer 214

Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs. Consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion of the spinal column. Aka the rib cage.

Answer 215

Ch 3 pg 63 Aka Breastbone

Answer 216

Form the pectoral girdle which supports the arms and hands. Aka shoulder girdle. Clavicle aka collar bone, scapula, acromion

Answer 217

Humerus, radius, ulna, and olecranon process

Answer 218

8 carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, each 4 finger has 3 bones, the thumb has 2

Answer 219

Ala bony pelvis, protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities. In addition to the sacrum and coccyx, it includes the pelvic girdle (which consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis)

Answer 220

A place where two bones are closely joined (ie pubic symphysis)

Answer 221

Aka kneecap. Bony anterior portion of the knee. The term popliteal describes the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located. The cruciate ligaments make movements of the knee possible. These are known as the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments because they are shaped like a cross.

Answer 222

Aka shinbone. The larger anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

Answer 223

The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg.

Answer 224

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot to make the necessary movements possible. Each ankle is made up of 7 short tarsal bones. Similar to bones in wrists except much larger in size. The talus is the ankle bones that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Malleolus is a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint. The calcaneus, aka heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones.

Answer 225

The loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure.

Answer 226

The loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure.

Answer 227

Aka frozen shoulder. Cause by adhesions forming in the synovial capsule surrounding the shoulder, making the joints become thicker and tighter.

Answer 228

Stiffness of the joints especially in the elderly

Answer 229

Little box

Answer 230

Aka popliteal cyst / a fluid filled sac behind the knee. This usually results from a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis triggering the production of excess synovial fluid. The condition is named for British surgeon William Baker.

Answer 231

An inflammation of a bursa

Answer 232

Inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck shoulders upper arms, and hips and thighs.

Answer 233

Occurs when a ligament that connects bones to a joint is wrenched or torn

Answer 234

Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint. This condition is caused by arthritis, trauma, infection or irritation produced by damaged cartilage.

Answer 235

Aka luxation / total displacement of a bone from its joint. Subluxation is partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

Answer 236

Inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are over 100 types of arthritis.

Answer 237

Breaking down of a body part

Answer 238

Bone spurs

Answer 239

Aka gouty arthritis which is a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of iris acid crystals in the joints, usually beginning in the big toe.

Answer 240

Aka RA / a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

Answer 241

An inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are more than 100 types of arthritis.

Answer 242

Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Answer 243

Aka osteonecrosis, an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow. It most commonly occurs in the hip joint

Answer 244

Blood vessels

Answer 245

Aka club foot / describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bone).

Answer 246

Tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib. Peak incidence for the development of this condition is 10-20 years.

Answer 247

Primary is a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. Secondary describes tumors that have metastasized (spread) to bones from other organs such as the breast and lungs.

Answer 248

Abnormal growth of bone on a bone.

Answer 249

Named for Irish surgeon Abraham Colles, aka fractured wrist.

Answer 250

Closed aka simple or complete, open aka compound, green stick aka incomplete, comminuted, oblique, pathologic, spiral, stress and transverse

Answer 251

Aka simple or complete fracture / one in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound on the skin

Answer 252

Aka simple or complete fracture / one in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound on the skin

Answer 253

Aka compound fracture / one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound on the skin.

Answer 254

One in which a bone is splintered or crushed.

Answer 255

Aka incomplete fracture / one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken / occurs primarily in children.

Answer 256

Occurs at an angle across the bone.

Answer 257

Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer.

Answer 258

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart. This type of fracture occurs as the result of a severe twisting motion such as a knee injury.

Answer 259

An overuse injury / a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact.

Answer 260

Occurs straight across the bone

Answer 261

When a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood. An embolus is any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel.

Answer 262

Aka Crepitus / the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. It is often used to describe the popping or clicking sound heard in the movements of some joints.

Answer 263

A callus forms as a bulging deposit around the area of a break. Thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing.

Answer 264

Aka x-ray / the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities.

Answer 265

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

Answer 266

A diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test.

Answer 267

The use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow.

Answer 268

Used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints. Not very effective for imaging hard tissue such as bone.

Answer 269

Determined losses or changes in bone density to diagnose conditions such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, and Paget’s disease.

Answer 270

A screening procedure using sound waves to test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass. Measurements are taken of the calcaneus (heel) bone.

Answer 271

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. More accurate than ultrasonic bone density testing.

Answer 272

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. More accurate than ultrasonic bone density testing.

Answer 273

Used to treat certain types of cancers such as leukemia and lymphomas, which affect bone marrow. Patient’s bone marrow and cancer cells are destroyed with high-intensity radiation and chemotherapy then healthy bone marrow stem cells are transfused into the recipient’s blood. These cells migrate to the spongy bone where they multiply to form new cancer-free bone marrow. Stem cells produced by the bone marrow eventually develop into blood cells.

Answer 274

A mechanical appliance such as a shoe insert which will help control or correct for impaired limb function.

Answer 275

A substitute for a missing body part.

Answer 276

A minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint.

Answer 277

The surgical repair of damaged cartilage.

Answer 278

Surgical repair of a damaged joint (has come to mean the surgical placement of an artificial joint).

Answer 279

Performed to treat a herniated invertebral disk. A thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser.

Answer 280

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull l. Performed to treat craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial pressure due to swelling of the brain.

Answer 281

Surgical incision or opening into the skull. Performed to gain access to the brain to remove a tumor, to relieve intracranial pressure, or to obtain access for other surgical procedures.

Answer 282

Surgical repair of the skull.

Answer 283

Surgical removal of bone.

Answer 284

Surgical suturing or working together of bones.

Answer 285

Surgical cutting of a bone.

Answer 286

An incision through the periosteum to the bone.

Answer 287

Aka manipulation. Attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation.

Answer 288

A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment.

Answer 289

A fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing. When healing is complete the appliance is removed.

Answer 290

Aka open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. Not usually removed after the fracture has healed.

Answer 291

The shaft of a long bone

Answer 292

Lower portion of sternum

Answer 293

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass. Plural is foramina.

Answer 294

A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body part, typically a bone. These bony processes serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, or ligaments and can also help form joints. For example: • The mastoid process is a bony prominence behind the ear that serves as an attachment for neck muscles. • The xiphoid process, at the base of the sternum, connects with several muscles.

Answer 295

Point of the elbow

Answer 296

Autoimmune arthritis

Answer 297

Type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

Answer 298

A rare and aggressive type of cancer that primarily affects bones and soft tissues, particularly in children and adolescents. It is part of a group of tumors known as Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which also includes peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). This cancer most commonly develops in the long bones, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus, but can also occur in other parts of the body, including the pelvis, ribs, and soft tissues. Ewing’s sarcoma typically causes symptoms like pain, swelling, and sometimes fever. The exact cause of Ewing’s sarcoma is not fully understood, but it is thought to result from a genetic mutation, often involving a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Answer 299

Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat.

Answer 300

Cover, support, and separate muscles.

Answer 301

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Answer 302

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Answer 303

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structure together abnormally.

Answer 304

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Answer 305

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

Answer 306

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

Answer 307

Extreme slowness in movement.

Answer 308

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.

Answer 309

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

Answer 310

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Answer 311

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

Answer 312

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Answer 313

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions.

Answer 314

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

Answer 315

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Answer 316

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Answer 317

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbows. Lateral is aka tennis elbow and medial aka golfers elbow.

Answer 318

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Answer 319

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 320

Inflammation of a fascia.

Answer 321

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

Answer 322

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Answer 323

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.

Answer 324

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

Answer 325

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Answer 326

The profusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

Answer 327

Abnormally increased motor function or activity, aka hyperactivity.

Answer 328

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Answer 329

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Answer 330

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

Answer 331

Pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

Answer 332

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

Answer 333

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness is voluntary muscles.

Answer 334

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Answer 335

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Answer 336

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofacial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 337

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Answer 338

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Answer 339

Pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle.

Answer 340

Slanted or at an angle

Answer 341

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

Answer 342

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

Answer 343

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Answer 344

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 345

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

Answer 346

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

Answer 347

The act of rotating the armor the leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

Answer 348

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Answer 349

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

Answer 350

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).

Answer 351

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; aka hiccups

Answer 352

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 353

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee or wrist which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

Answer 354

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Answer 355

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

Answer 356

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Answer 357

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

Answer 358

A surgical incision into a tendon.

Answer 359

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.

Answer 360

In a crosswise direction.

Answer 361

The long, slender cells that make up muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that are bound together by connective tissue.

Answer 362

Band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Plural is fasciae or fascias.

Answer 363

Narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attached a muscle to a bone.

Answer 364

Attached muscles to the bottom of the patella (kneecap).

Answer 365

Attaches the gastrocnemius muscle (the major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone.

Answer 366

Sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone. Plies is aponeuroses.

Answer 367

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

Answer 368

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

Answer 369

Refers to working in opposition to each other. One relaxes and the other contracts.

Answer 370

Tightening of a muscle

Answer 371

Muscle returns to original form.

Answer 372

Increases the angle of the elbow and moves hand away from the body.

Answer 373

Decreases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand toward the body.

Answer 374

A circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint.

Answer 375

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Answer 376

Bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Answer 377

Bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Answer 378

An imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body / rotation turns a bone on its own axis.

Answer 379

The group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint.

Answer 380

Near the surface

Answer 381

Helps bend the neck and rotate the head.

Answer 382

Inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process (just behind the ear).

Answer 383

Thick fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall.

Answer 384

Relating to the chest

Answer 385

Toward the side

Answer 386

Large muscle toward the outer side of the leg.

Answer 387

Latin word for huge

Answer 388

Toward the midline.

Answer 389

Slanted or at an angle

Answer 390

In straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

Answer 391

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 392

Aka biceps, is formed of two divisions.

Answer 393

Aka triceps / formed from 3 divisions.

Answer 394

The largest muscle of the buttock.

Answer 395

Located on the shoulder and shaped like an inverted triangle.

Answer 396

The muscles by which a butcher hangs a pig / consists of three separate muscles: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semi membranous muscles.

Answer 397

Muscle in the forehead that raises and lowers the eyebrows.

Answer 398

Moved the lower jaw up back to close the mouth.

Answer 399

One of the strongest in the body, moved the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing.

Answer 400

In male it makes up the bulk of the chest muscles / in female it lies under the breast.

Answer 401

Found in the abdomen / external muscles rotate and flex the vertebral column, they also flex the torso and compress the abdomen / the internal muscles flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe and rotate the spine.

Answer 402

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.

Answer 403

Located on the side of the abdomen / this core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs.

Answer 404

Forms muscular cap of the shoulder.

Answer 405

Moved the head and shoulder blade.

Answer 406

Extends the leg at the knee.

Answer 407

Made up of 4 muscles, including the Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee.

Answer 408

The calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward.

Answer 409

A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 410

A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function.

Answer 411

Helps enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, eduction, work or social interaction.

Answer 412

Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 413

Restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.

Answer 414

Provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

Answer 415

Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles.

Answer 416

Inflammation of a fascia

Answer 417

Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms.

Answer 418

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Answer 419

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint. Aka tendonitis or tenonitis.

Answer 420

Disorder of unknown cause / debilitating and complex characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and made worse by physical and mental activity. Symptoms are similar to fibromyalgia / aka myalgic encephalomyelitis

Answer 421

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structured together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery.

Answer 422

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

Answer 423

Tenderness or pain in muscles.

Answer 424

Herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Answer 425

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Answer 426

The rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Answer 427

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body. The affected muscles are typically closest to the trunk of the body.

Answer 428

Death of muscle fibers, which releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications including renal failure.

Answer 429

Grave or serious

Answer 430

Most common form in children / mostly young boys and progresses rapidly

Answer 431

Very similar to duchenne but less severe

Answer 432

Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment” (an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. Can be caused by trauma, tight bandage or casts, or repetitive activities such as running.

Answer 433

Overuse tendonitis aka overuse tendinitis, stress fracture

Answer 434

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body. Caused by muscle being contracted repetitively, and is characterized by trigger points producing local muscle pain.

Answer 435

Pain that originates in one area of the body but is felt in another.

Answer 436

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. Common symptom is discomfort when raising arm above head.

Answer 437

Inflammation of the tendons is the rotator cuff. Aka tennis shoulder or pitchers shoulder.

Answer 438

Offers when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues.

Answer 439

Occurs when the tendons that pass the of the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen. This is in the wrist.

Answer 440

Pertaining to the wrist

Answer 441

Harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Answer 442

Injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Usually associated with overuse that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.

Answer 443

Can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee. Characterized by a suddden and severe pain in the back of the thigh.

Answer 444

Overuse injury / IT band runs from the hipbone diagonally across the leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by this band rubbing against bone often in the area of the knee.

Answer 445

The type of paralysis caused by this type of injury is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury. The higher in the spinal cord the injury occurs the greater the area of the body that may be affected / injury occurs when a vertebra is broken and a piece of the broken bone is pressing into the spinal cord / when spinal cord is injured the ability of the brain to communicate with the body below the level of injury may be reduced or lost altogether.

Answer 446

Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon / a reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus /

Answer 447

Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength . Used to increase flexibility, strength, and mobility.

Answer 448

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination. A biopsy needle is commonly used to obtain this specimen.

Answer 449

Pain or tenderness in the muscles.

Answer 450

Any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.

Answer 451

A painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause / Charley horse is slang for cramp.

Answer 452

Aka anticholinergic / administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder (atropine is an example antispasmodic)

Answer 453

Administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by sprains, strains, or other muscle injuries. These meds act on the central nervous system and may have a negative interaction with alcohol and some antidepressants.

Answer 454

Aka neuromuscular blocking agent / a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles. These are used as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery to cause skeletal muscles to relax.

Answer 455

The study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Answer 456

Specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, Myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (tmj) disorders and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 457

Activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living (ADL) which include grooming, eating and dressing.

Answer 458

Treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

Answer 459

High frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue / this heat eases pain, reduces muscle spasms and accelerated healing by increasing the flow of blood into the target tissues.

Answer 460

A device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which cause change in muscles.

Answer 461

Most common first air treatment of muscular injuries (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Answer 462

A surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Answer 463

Surgical repair of a fascia

Answer 464

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Answer 465

Release of a tendon from adhesions

Answer 466

Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Answer 467

Surgical incision into a tendon.

Answer 468

Used to treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound-guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing within the tendon. PNT can be used in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma therapy, in which some of the patients blood is injected into the scar tissue to promote increased blood flow and healing.

Answer 469

Bone breaks in an area that is weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis, some cancers infection and some inherited bone disorders.

Answer 470

Common among athletes, this is a small crack in a bone cause by overuse and repetitive activity.

Answer 471

The broken bone doesn’t break the skin.

Answer 472

The ends of the broken bone tear through the skin, putting the patient at higher risk of infection.

Answer 473

Severe muscle pain

Answer 474

Surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligaments

Answer 475

Blood vessels

Answer 476

Capillaries

Answer 477

Located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs and the size of a fist. Receives blood from veins and pumps blood into the arteries.

Answer 478

Transport blood to and from all areas of the body

Answer 479

Transports blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Answer 480

Permit the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and the cells

Answer 481

Return blood from all body parts to the heart

Answer 482

Brings oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away waste

Answer 483

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 484

Lower tip of the heart

Answer 485

Aka pericardial sac, is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. Parietal pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Pericardial fluid is found between these two layers where it acts as lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats. Visceral pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart. When referred road the outer layer of the heart it is known as the epicardium.

Answer 486

Made up of 3 layers: the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium is external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium. Myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of the heart - aka myocardial muscle - which maintains the constant contraction and relaxation that creates the pumping of the blood throughout the body. Endocardium, consists of epithelial tissue, and is the inner lining of the heart. Comes in direct contact with the blood.

Answer 487

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (veins remove waste products from the myocardium).

Answer 488

4 chambers: atria are the two upper chambers and ventricles are the two lower. The upper are divided by the interstitial septum (wall). Atria receive the blood. The ventricles are divided by the interventricular septum. Ventricle walls are thicker than atria because they pump blood through the entire body. Ventricle is also defined as a normal hollow chamber of the brain.

Answer 489

4 valves. Is any are not working correctly blood cannot flow properly through the heart or be pumped effectively through all parts of the body. Tricuspid valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle. The term tricuspid means having three cusps (points). Pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. This valve is shaped like a half-moon. Mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Aka bicuspid valve because it has two cusps (points). Aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Half-moon shape.

Answer 490

Pertaining to the lungs

Answer 491

Shaped liked a bishops mitre (hat).

Answer 492

Right atrium received oxygen poor blood from all tissues (except the lungs) through the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood flows out of the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which then carries it to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the 4 pulmonary veins. The blood flows out of the left atrium through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium. Blood flows out of the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body, except the lungs. Oxygen poor blood is returned by the venae cavae to the right atrium and the cycle continues.

Answer 493

The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs. This is the only place where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins. In the lungs. Carbon dioxide from the body is exchanged for oxygen from the inhaled air. The pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. This is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood. Systemic circulation includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs. Oxygenated blood flows out of left ventricle and into arterial circulation. The veins carry deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. Then blood flows into the pulmonary circulation before being pumped out of the heart into the arteries again.

Answer 494

The ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body; the contraction and relaxation (beating) of the heart must occur in exactly the correct sequence. This is determined by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart. Aka the conduction system, these impulses are controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV), and the bundle of His.

Answer 495

Aka SA node, located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava. Establishes the basic rhythm and rate of heartbeat. Aka natural pacemaker. Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart. The impulse in the right atrium spreads over the muscles of both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously. This contraction forces the blood in to the ventricles.

Answer 496

Impulses from the SA node also travel to the AV node. The AV node is located on the floor of the right atrium near the interstitial septum. From here, it transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His.

Answer 497

A group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. These fibers carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions. These electrical impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricle and the Purkinje fibers. The Purkinje fibers are specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. These fibers, named for Jan Purkinje, relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, and it is this stimulation that causes the ventricles to contract. The contraction of the ventricles forces blood out of the heart and into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Answer 498

The electrical conduction system of the heart can be visualized as wave movements on a monitor as an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). The term sinus rhythm refers to the normal beating of the heart. The P wave is due to the stimulation (contraction) of the stria. The QRS complex shows the stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles. The atria relax as the ventricles contract. The T wave is the recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles.

Answer 499

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

Answer 500

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body. Walls of arteries composed of 3 layers making the arteries muscular and elastic so they can expand and contract with the pumping beat of the heart. Arterial blood is bright red in color because it is oxygen rich. The pumping action of the heart causes blood to spurt out when an artery is cut. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. It begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system. The carotid arteries are the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head. Common carotid artery is located on each side of the neck. It divides into the internal carotid artery which brings oxygen rich blood to the brain. The external carotid artery brings blood to the face. Any disruption of the blood flow can result in a stroke or other brain damage. The arteries are the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries. As it enters one end of the capillary bed, it is here that the rate of flow of arterial blood slows.

Answer 501

One epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessel in the body. They deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of tissues. The capillaries further slow the flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into the tissues. It’s here that the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste materials occur within the surrounding cells. After leaving the cells, 90% of this fluid, which is now oxygen poor and contains some waste products, enter the opposite end of the capillary bed through the venules. The 10% of this fluid that is left behind in the tissues becomes lymph.

Answer 502

Low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart. Contain valves to prevent backward flow of blood. Venules are the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins. The walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than those of the arteries. The venous blood continues its flow at an increased speed as it continues its return journey to the heart. Veins have valves that enable blood to flow only toward the heart and to prevent it from flowing away from the heart. Superficial veins are located near the body surface. Deep veins are located within the tissues and away from the body surface.

Answer 503

The two largest veins in the body. These veins return blood into the heart. The superior vena cava transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart. The inferior vena cava transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart.

Answer 504

The rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart.

Answer 505

Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries. Systolic pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against the walls of an artery. Diastolic pressure, which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery.

Answer 506

Contraction of the heart

Answer 507

Relaxation of the heart

Answer 508

The fluid tissue in the body. Composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements. Included erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes.

Answer 509

Straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products. 91% water / remaining 9% consists of mainly proteins, including the clotting proteins. Serum is plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed. Fibrinogen prothrombin are the clotting proteins found in plasma.

Answer 510

Aka white blood cells (WBC), are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

Answer 511

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes Neutrophils, formed in red bone marrow, are the most common type of wbc. Through phagocytosis, neutrophils play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Phagocytosis is the process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them. Basophils, also formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of wbc. Basophils are responsible for causing symptoms of allergies. Eosinophils are formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. These cells destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions. Lymphocytes are formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Lymphocytes identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or virus) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them. Monocytes are formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Through phagocytosis, monocytes provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.

Answer 512

Aka platelets, are the smallest formed elements in the blood. They play an important role in clotting the blood. When a blood vessel is damaged, the thrombocytes are activated and become sticky. This action causes the thrombocytes to clump together to form a clot to stop the bleeding.

Answer 513

Classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens. An antigen is any substance that the body regards as being foreign. Typical blood types are listed as type followed by Rh factor (A-, O+). The four major blood types are A, AB, B, and O. A or B groups are based on A, AB, B antigens being present while O both are absent.

Answer 514

Defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. The Rh factor was named so because this antigen was first found in rhesus monkeys. About 85% of Americans have the Rh antigen and these individuals are described as being Rh+. The remaining 15% don’t and are Rh-. The Rh factor is an important consideration in cross matching blood for transfusions. The Rh factor can cause difficulties when a Rh+ infant is born to an Rh- mother.

Answer 515

Gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood. The major blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Answer 516

Cardiologist, hematologist, and vascular surgeon. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart. A hematologist… blood and blood-forming tissues. Vascular surgeon… blood vessels.

Answer 517

Aka coronary heart disease (chd) and ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle. This creates an insufficient supply of oxygen that can cause angina (pain), a myocardial infarction (heart attack), or death. CAD is the most common type of heart disease. End-stage coronary artery disease is characterized by unrelenting angina pain and a severely limited lifestyle.

Answer 518

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries. This type of plaque, found within the lumen of an artery, is a fatty deposit similar to the buildup of rust inside a pipe. The lumen is the opening within these vessels through which the blood flows. The plaque can protrude outward into the limen from the wall of the blood vessel or protrude inward into the wall of the vessel. An atheroma, which is characteristic of atherosclerosis, is a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall.

Answer 519

Plaque or fatty substance

Answer 520

A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

Answer 521

To hold back

Answer 522

Aka angina pectoris… a condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. These episodes are due to ischemia of the heart muscle and often progressively worsen as the blood flow continues to be compromised until a myocardial infarction occurs. Stable angina occurs during exertion (exercise) and resolves with rest. Unstable angina may occur either during exertion or rest and is a precursor to a myocardial infarction.

Answer 523

Aka Heart attack… the blockage/occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup. The term infarction means a sudden insufficiency of blood. An infarct is a localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood. Tissue death is known as necrosis, Greek for death. This damage to the myocardium impairs the hearts ability to pump blood throughout the body. Symptoms of myocardial infarction include pain or pressure in the middle of the chest that may spread to the back, jaw, or left arm. Many individuals having a heart attack have no symptoms at all. Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms including weakness and fatigue.

Answer 524

Aka congestive heart failure (CHF). Occurs mostly Olin elderly, often after the heart has been weakened or damaged by other health issues. In this chronic condition the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it receives. The decreased pumping action causes congestion (fluid buildup). Left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary edema. This happens because the left side of the heart, which is the main pumping chamber, is unable to pump oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. The increase in pressure in the veins of the lungs results in localized fluid accumulation. Right-sided heart failure, often the result of left-sided heart failure, causes fluid buildup throughout the rest of the body. This occurs because the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood throughout the rest of the body. Due to the pressure of gravity, this edema, or swelling, is first noticeable in the feet and legs. As the swelling worsens, it can also affect the live, gi tract, or the arms. Cardiomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of the heart that is frequently associated with heart failure as the heart enlarged in an effort to compensate for its decreased pumping ability.

Answer 525

Inflammation of the heart. Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. Bacterial carditis is an inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. One cause can be dental surgery because it can allow bacteria to enter the blood stream. Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium. This inflammation causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac, and this excess fluid restricts the movement of the heart, reducing the ability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle) that develops as a rarely seen complication of a viral infection.

Answer 526

Term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become enlarged and to pump less strongly. The progression of this condition is usually slow and only presents with symptoms when quite advanced. Dilated means the expansion of a hollow structure.

Answer 527

Heart murmur is an abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring large blood vessel. Heart murmurs are most often caused by defective heart valves, but they do not usually require surgery unless they affect the patient’s quality of life. Valvulitis is an inflammation of a heart valve. Valvular prolapse is the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely. Prolapse means the falling down or dropping down of an organ or internal part. This condition is named for the affected valve, such as a mitral valve prolapse. Valvular stenosis is a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening l, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart. These conditions are named for the affected valve, such as aortic stenosis.

Answer 528

Contraction

Answer 529

The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. This can be a minor, temporary episode, or it can be a fatal event. The severity of this episode depends on how much the heart’s ability to pump blood is compromised. Rather than being an abnormality in the heart muscle, arrhythmias are usually caused by an abnormality in the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Answer 530

Aka flatline is the complete lack of electrical activity in the heart. The resulting lack of heart contractions, with no blood pumping from the heart and no blood flow through the body is one of the conditions required for a medical practitioner to certify death.

Answer 531

Contraction

Answer 532

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

Answer 533

Results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes.

Answer 534

A congenital or acquired arrhythmia caused by the electrical signal moving through the heart being partially or completely blocked from reaching the ventricles.

Answer 535

An abnormally slow resting heart rate (usually applied to a heartbeat of less than 60 bpm). This condition can occur when the passage of electricity from top to bottom of the heart is partially or totally blocked.

Answer 536

An abnormally rapid resting heartbeat (usually applied to a heartbeat greater than 100 bpm).

Answer 537

Aka paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular node.

Answer 538

Aka v-tach. A very rapid heartbeat that begins with the ventricles. Potentially fatal because heart is beating so rapidly it is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body.

Answer 539

Describes a potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat, compared to the fast but regular rhythm of tachycardia. The addition of atrial or ventricle identified which chambers are affected. Atrial (aka a-fib) most common and occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall. Causes quivering action of the atria. Ventricular (v-fib) consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles… heart muscles quiver in effectively. The cause of many sudden cardiac deaths. Palpitation is a pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm. This condition of associated with certain heart disorders however it can also occur during a panic attack.

Answer 540

Inflammation of a blood vessel. Several types of vasculitis including phlebitis (veins) and arthritis or angiitis (arteries).

Answer 541

Inflammation of a blood vessel. Several types of vasculitis including phlebitis (veins) and arthritis or angiitis (arteries).

Answer 542

A form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time. A rare but serious blood disease that occurs when certain immune cells attack the affected arteries.

Answer 543

Aka giant cell arthritis. A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms. Has a presence of abnormally large cells. Can cause unilateral or bilateral blindness and more rarely, a stroke.

Answer 544

The abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

Answer 545

A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

Answer 546

A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part. Perfusion is the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ.

Answer 547

Localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery. Rupture of an aneurysm can be fatal.

Answer 548

The abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries.

Answer 549

Aka venous insufficiency. A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves. Can cause discolaration of the skin and primarily affects the feet and ankles.

Answer 550

Aka thrombophlebitis. Inflammation of a vein.

Answer 551

Abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs. This condition occurs when the valves in these veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins, causing them to enlarge.

Answer 552

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus (clot) attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein.

Answer 553

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus (clot).

Answer 554

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus (clot) blocking a coronary artery.

Answer 555

Aka deep venous thrombosis. The condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein. Sometimes happen when patient is in bed for an extended time or someone who has remained seated in an airplane for too long. The danger is the thrombus (clot) will break off and travel to the lungs.

Answer 556

Foreign object circulating in the blood, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor.

Answer 557

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

Answer 558

Something inserted

Answer 559

Disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart or brain. These conditions usually involve narrowing of the vessels that carry blood to the legs, arms, stomach or kidneys.

Answer 560

Aka peripheral arterial occlusive disease / an example of a peripheral vascular disease that is caused by artherosclerosis. Common and serious problem affecting more than 20% of people age 70 and older. Impaired circulation in extremities can cause changes in the skin color and temperature. One method of determining is to compare blood pressure at the ankle with blood pressure at the arm using the ankle-brachial index. PAD is also involved with intermittent claudication.

Answer 561

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. The symptoms, which are due to constricted circulation, include paleness, blue color, and redness of fingers and toes.

Answer 562

Blood dyscrasia is any pathological condition of the cellular elements of the blood. Hemochromatosis, aka iron overload disease, is a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron… it enters the blood stream and accumulates in organs. Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood. Aka low white blood cell count. Polycythemia is an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to the excess production of these cells by the bone marrow. Sepsis, aka septicemia, is a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream. Sometimes referred to as blood poisoning. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood. Sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding. Thrombocytes is an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood. A hemorrhage is the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time. A transfusion reaction is a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood don’t match.

Answer 563

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body. It aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D. Some cholesterol comes from dietary sources and some is created by the liver. Excessively high levels of some types of cholesterol can lead to heart disease. Hyperlipidemis is the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood.

Answer 564

Type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs and circulating in the blood. Types of leukemia are named for how quickly they progress and the type of white blood cells involved. The four most common types of leukemia are acute or chronic myeloid leukemia and acute or chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

Answer 565

Anemia is the lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes in the blood causing fatigue and shortness of breath. The severity of this condition is usually measured by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When inadequate hemoglobin is present, all parts of the body receive less oxygen and have less energy than is needed to function properly. Aplastic anemia is characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. This deficiency can be caused by blood loss, poor absorption of iron, or inadequate dietary intake of iron. Megaloblastic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal. Usually results in a deficiency of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract. This vitamin is necessary in the formation of red blood cells. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen. Most common are sickle cell (genetic causing abnormal hemoglobin with red blood cells in the sickle shape) and thalassemia (inherited blood disorder that causes mild to severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal).

Answer 566

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart. It is used to perform angiography and during treatment.

Answer 567

Angiography, cardiac catheterization, digital subtraction angiography, duplex ultrasound, venography (aka phlebography.

Answer 568

Uses angiography with computer assistance to clarify the view of the area of interest in the cardiovascular system by subtracting the soft tissue and bones from images.

Answer 569

A diagnostic procedure to image the structure of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through the vessels. This is a combination of diagnostic ultrasound to show the structure of the blood vessels and Doppler ultrasound to show the movement of the red blood cells through these vessels.

Answer 570

Aka phlebography is a radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected. The resulting film is a venogram. This is a very accurate test for detecting deep veins thrombosis.

Answer 571

The noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium. A noninvasive procedure does not require the insertion of an instrument through the body opening for diagnosis or treatment.

Answer 572

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

Answer 573

A portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24- or 48- hour period.

Answer 574

Performed to asses cardiovascular health and function during and after stress. Involves measuring with an electrocardiograph while the patient exercises on a treadmill.

Answer 575

Performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise while injecting a small amount of thallium into the bloodstream.

Answer 576

Accuracy and consistency with which the patient follows the physicians instructions.

Answer 577

A medication administered to lower blood pressure. Types are: ACE inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme) which blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension. When this enzyme is blocked the blood vessels are able to dilate (enlarge) and this reduces blood pressure. Used to treat hypertension and heart failure. ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) are similar. A beta-blocker reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat. Calcium channel blocker agents cause the heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing the movement of calcium into the cells of these structures. Reduced the workload in the heart by increasing the supply of blood and oxygen. A diuretic is administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water.

Answer 578

A medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat… an anticoagulant slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming. Coagulation is the process of clotting blood. These medication are often referred to as blood thinners but they don’t actually make the blood thinner. Coumadin (aka warfarin) is often prescribed for patients with clotting difficulties, certain heartbeat irregularities or after a heart attack or heart valve replacement surgery. Heparin is similar but works faster than Coumadin but must be administered via iv.

Answer 579

Aspirin, cholesterol lowering drugs, digitalis, thrombotic, tissue plasminogen activator, vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, nitroglycerin,

Answer 580

Angioplasty, precutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) aka balloon angioplasty, laser angioplasty, stent, restenosis, the rectory, carotid endarterectomy

Answer 581

Aka cardioversion… the use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm.

Answer 582

Defibrillation, (AED), artificial pacemaker, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, cardiac or catheter ablation, valvuloplasty, heart valve replacement, trans catheter aortic valve replacement, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr), compression only resuscitation.

Answer 583

Surgical removal of an aneurysm

Answer 584

Aka aneurysmoplasty… surgical suturing of an aneurysm

Answer 585

Surgical method to isolate an aneurysm from the rest of the circulatory system by placing a small clip across its neck. The titanium clip remains in place permanently to prevent blood from flowing into the aneurysm.

Answer 586

Surgical removal of an artery

Answer 587

To stop or control bleeding.

Answer 588

Aka plasma exchange… the removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the bloods cellular elements.

Answer 589

Small vessels that pick up blood from the capillaries and deposit it into larger veins for transport back to the heart.

Answer 590

The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection.

Answer 591

A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual.

Answer 592

A severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms develop quickly, and without help, the patient can die.

Answer 593

A medication that is capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms.

Answer 594

A disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

Answer 595

An agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.

Answer 596

Any substance that the body regards as foreign.

Answer 597

The bindings of antigens to antibodies.

Answer 598

Any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues l, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, organs for antigens.

Answer 599

Rod-shaped spore forming bacteria.

Answer 600

A group of one-called microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic.

Answer 601

Not life-threatening.

Answer 602

An infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus.

Answer 603

A milignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

Answer 604

A malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

Answer 605

A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. When needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells.

Answer 606

A group of proteins such as interferons and interleikukind released primarily by the T cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response.

Answer 607

A group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body fluids and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms. Can cause a serious illness when the individual has a weakened immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.

Answer 608

Medication that kills or damages cells.

Answer 609

Breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

Answer 610

Describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse.

Answer 611

An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of the inflamed nerve.

Answer 612

A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes.

Answer 613

A bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system.

Answer 614

Bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response.

Answer 615

A substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response.

Answer 616

A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

Answer 617

An infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Answer 618

Breast cancer that starts in the milk ducts, breaks through the wall of that duct and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue; aka invasive ductal carcinoma.

Answer 619

Produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. They activate the immune system, fight viruses and signal other cells to increase their defenses.

Answer 620

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.

Answer 621

A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system.

Answer 622

Swelling due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues.

Answer 623

One of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies.

Answer 624

A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues.

Answer 625

A diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels.

Answer 626

A type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells.

Answer 627

A disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitos and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito.

Answer 628

Becoming progressively worse and life-threatening.

Answer 629

A radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells.

Answer 630

The process by which cancer is spread to a new site; may refer to the tumor itself.

Answer 631

To spread from one place to another.

Answer 632

A benign tumor made up of muscle tissue.

Answer 633

A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue.

Answer 634

The term used to describe all lymphoma’s other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Answer 635

Caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host.

Answer 636

A hard tissue sarcoma, usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or the knees.

Answer 637

A plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism.

Answer 638

And acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal.

Answer 639

Small bacteria that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites that transmit infection to humans.

Answer 640

A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash; also known as German measles or 3-day measles.

Answer 641

A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue; plural, sarcomas or sarcomata.

Answer 642

Long, slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls, and are capable of movement.

Answer 643

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen.

Answer 644

Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters, resembling groups.

Answer 645

Bacteria that form a chain.

Answer 646

A severe reaction to an allergen; also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock.

Answer 647

Radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging.

Answer 648

A parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with common contaminated animal animal feces.

Answer 649

A highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus, characterized by a fever and rash; also known as chickenpox.

Answer 650

Closed off the trachea during swallowing

Answer 651

Transports air back and forth between the pharynx and the bronchi. Main airway of the lungs.

Answer 652

Transports air from the trachea into the lungs.

Answer 653

Air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood.

Answer 654

The very small grape light clusters found at the end of each bronchiole.

Answer 655

The absence of oxygen from the bodies, tissues and organs, even though there is adequate flow of blood

Answer 656

Medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

Answer 657

Loss of the ability of the Larix to produce normal speech sounds.

Answer 658

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.

Answer 659

The loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function.

Answer 660

A chronic, inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction and characterized by episodes of severe, breathing, difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

Answer 661

The incomplete expansion of part are all of a lung due to a blockage of the air passages or pneumothorax.

Answer 662

And abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breast per minute.

Answer 663

A medication that relaxes and expands the bronchi passages into the lungs.

Answer 664

An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

Answer 665

The visual examination of the bronchi through using a bronchoscope.

Answer 666

A contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut.

Answer 667

And a regular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower, respiration or apnea.

Answer 668

And acute respiratory syndrome in children and infant characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking, cough and stridor.

Answer 669

A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucus membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood.

Answer 670

A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally, thick mucus.

Answer 671

And acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract.

Answer 672

Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or cracking of a boys voice during puberty.

Answer 673

Difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath.

Answer 674

The progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking.

Answer 675

An accumulation of pus in a body cavity.

Answer 676

The passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

Answer 677

Bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air and injury medication to prevent blood blood clotting or high blood pressure; also known as a no nosebleed.

Answer 678

The expectation of blood or blood stain sputum, derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage.

Answer 679

A collection of blood in the pleural cavity.

Answer 680

The abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Answer 681

An increase in the depth and rate of respiratory movements.

Answer 682

Shallow, shallow, or slow respiration.

Answer 683

Shallow, shallow, or slow respiration.

Answer 684

The condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood.

Answer 685

The condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the blood tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia.

Answer 686

The surgical removal of the larynx.

Answer 687

Inflammation of the larynx; also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation.

Answer 688

Inflammation of the larynx; also commonly used to describe voice loss that is caused by this inflammation.

Answer 689

The visual examination of the lax using a laryngoscope.

Answer 690

The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx.

Answer 691

The middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs. This cavity contains the heart and its veins and arteries arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes.

Answer 692

An electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient via facemask or mouthpiece.

Answer 693

Of a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of disease diseases and disorders of the head and neck.

Answer 694

A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness in a noisy inspiration.

Answer 695

And inflammation of the pharynx.

Answer 696

Thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.

Answer 697

And inflammation of the pleural, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the plural cavity; causes pleurisy is.

Answer 698

A sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation.

Answer 699

Any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.

Answer 700

The surgical removal of all are part of a lung.

Answer 701

A serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages filled with pus and other liquid.

Answer 702

The accumulation of air in the pleural space, causing a pressure imbalance that causes the lungs to fully or partially collapse.

Answer 703

The diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep study.

Answer 704

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

Answer 705

An external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood.

Answer 706

A collection of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane.

Answer 707

Inflammation of the sinuses.

Answer 708

A potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts staring sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

Answer 709

A recording device that measures the amount of air, inhaled or exhaled in the length of time required for each breath.

Answer 710

An abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

Answer 711

The surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

Answer 712

A surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment.

Answer 713

The surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing.

Answer 714

An emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage.

Answer 715

An infectious disease caused by microbacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs; also known as TB, it can also affect other parts of the body.

Answer 716

Black lung disease

Answer 717

Escape of fluid from blood or lymph vessels into the tissues or body cavity.

Answer 718

Normal tissue replaced by hardened tissue.

Answer 719

Describes a condition that is present but not active or causing symptoms.

Answer 720

Sheetlike tissues that act as a lining with cells that secrete mucus.

Answer 721

A type of mucus made in the lower respiratory tract.

Answer 722

Breathing; the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide vs accidental breathing in of food or fluid into the lungs.

Answer 723

Wall that separates two sides, such as between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart.

Answer 724

Sheetlike tissues that act as a lining with cells that secrete fluid.

Answer 725

Phlegm that is coughed up and ejected through the mouth.

Answer 726

Surgically created opening on a body surface following a colostomy or tracheostomy.

Answer 727

Relating to the soft internal organs.

Answer 728

Mucous describes mucous membranes in the body. Mucus is the fluid secreted by mucous membranes.

Answer 729

Nasal cavity, olfactory receptors, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea.

Answer 730

Lungs, bronchi and bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm.

Answer 731

Inflammation of the throat vs voice box.

Answer 732

Grapelike clusters where gases are exchanged in the lungs.

Answer 733

Tiny branches inside the lungs.

Answer 734

Serous membrane that encloses each lung.

Answer 735

Another name for nostrils.

Answer 736

Most important MUSCLE used in breathing.

Answer 737

The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach.

Answer 738

A surgical condition between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anastomoses.

Answer 739

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting.

Answer 740

Gray white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissue lining the mouth; also known as canker, sores or mouth ulcers.

Answer 741

And abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 742

The branch of medicine conserved with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases.

Answer 743

The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

Answer 744

A condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases, such as advanced cancer or AIDS.

Answer 745

An inherited auto immune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance.

Answer 746

A disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores at the corners of the mouth.

Answer 747

A radiographic examination of the bio decks with the use of a contrast medium.

Answer 748

An acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever and jaundice.

Answer 749

The surgical removal of the gall bladder.

Answer 750

Inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones.

Answer 751

An incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones.

Answer 752

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts.

Answer 753

A progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scar

Answer 754

The direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum.

Answer 755

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface.

Answer 756

A chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

Answer 757

The professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque in calculus.

Answer 758

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

Answer 759

The chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon.

Answer 760

Pain or discomfort in digestion, also known as indigestion.

Answer 761

Difficulty and swallowing.

Answer 762

The placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity.

Answer 763

Inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens.

Answer 764

The act of belching are raising gas orally from the stomach.

Answer 765

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus.

Answer 766

An endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper G.I. tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach and upper duodenum.

Answer 767

The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum.

Answer 768

The upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as Gerd.

Answer 769

The surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach.

Answer 770

The vomiting of blood.

Answer 771

A laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal acute blood test.

Answer 772

Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection.

Answer 773

Blister like sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes Symplex virus type one also known as cold, sores, or fever blisters.

Answer 774

In anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrude upward into the chest through opening in the diaphragm.

Answer 775

Extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration.

Answer 776

The partial or complete blockage of the small intestine large intestine are both caused by the stopping of normal peristalsis.

Answer 777

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin.

Answer 778

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucus membranes, and eyes caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

Answer 779

An abnormal white pre-cancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inside of the cheek.

Answer 780

The passage of black tarry and foul smelling stools that is caused by the presence of digested blood.

Answer 781

The condition of weighing two more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40 also known as severe obesity.

Answer 782

The placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach.

Answer 783

An excessive accumulation of fat in the body.

Answer 784

The surgical repair of a cleft pallet or cleft lip.

Answer 785

Sores that affect the mucus membranes of the digestive system caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori by medication, such as aspirin that irritate the mucus membranes.

Answer 786

A series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system.

Answer 787

A mushroom rich growth from the surface of a mucous membrane; not all polyps are malignant.

Answer 788

A physician who specializes in disorders of the colon rectum and anus.

Answer 789

The return of swallowed food into the mouth.

Answer 790

An infectious disease of the intestines that is transmitted by food containment with feces; also referred to as salmonella.

Answer 791

The endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum sigmoid: and possibly a portion of the descending colon.

Answer 792

And inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

Answer 793

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma surgery or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer.

Answer 794

A chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum, and large intestine causes ulcers and irritation.

Answer 795

Twisting of the intestine up upon itself, causing an obstruction.

Answer 796

The lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the saliva glands also known as dry mouth.

Answer 797

Swallowing

Answer 798

Condition of the teeth

Answer 799

Act of vomitting

Answer 800

Belching or burping

Answer 801

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues that normally contain it.

Answer 802

The tying off of blood vessels

Answer 803

Outside of or bypassing the digestive system.

Answer 804

Enlarged or swollen veins

Answer 805

The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function.

Answer 806

The absence of your information by the kidneys.

Answer 807

An abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland.

Answer 808

The progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

Answer 809

Inflammation of the bladder.

Answer 810

A hernia of the bladder through the vagina wall; also called a prolapse bladder.

Answer 811

A stone located in the urinary bladder.

Answer 812

The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall.

Answer 813

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a kaleidoscope.

Answer 814

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients, whose kidneys no longer function.

Answer 815

The increased output of urine.

Answer 816

The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.

Answer 817

The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant.

Answer 818

The involuntary discharge of urine.

Answer 819

The involuntary discharge of urine.

Answer 820

A congenital abnormality affecting the opening of the urethral opening. In the mail, the opening is located on the upper surface of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is located in the region of the clitoris.

Answer 821

The use of high energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel to break up kidney stones into fragments, which are that excreted into the urine.

Answer 822

A form of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

Answer 823

A procedure that filters waste products directly from the patient’s blood to replace the function of damage kidneys.

Answer 824

The dilation of both kidneys that is the result of an obstruction of the flow of urine.

Answer 825

Distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked.

Answer 826

The presence of him normally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

Answer 827

The presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

Answer 828

A congenital abnormality in the placement of the urethral opening. In the mail, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis. In the female, the urethral opening is into the vagina.

Answer 829

The inability to control the excretion of urine and or feces.

Answer 830

A chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder.

Answer 831

A radiographic study of the kidneys and your readers, using a contrast, medium to diagnose changes in the urinary tract.

Answer 832

A stone located in the kidney; also known as Reno calculus or a kidney stone.

Answer 833

The presence of a stone or stones in the kidney.

Answer 834

The friend of a kidney from adhesions.

Answer 835

The microscopic functional units of each kidney where urine is produced through the processes of filtration, absorption, and secretion.

Answer 836

Any kidney disease, including degenerative, and inflammatory conditions.

Answer 837

The prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands; also known as a flu kidney.

Answer 838

Suppuration of the kidney.

Answer 839

The placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of water, both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

Answer 840

A group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine, resulting in abnormally low levels of protein in the blood.

Answer 841

A urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

Answer 842

Frequent and excessive urination during the night.

Answer 843

Urinary incontinence during sleep.

Answer 844

Scanty urination.

Answer 845

The surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back.

Answer 846

Dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity packs as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

Answer 847

An inherited kidney disorder, characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cyst in the kidneys leading eventually to kidney failure.

Answer 848

Excessive urination.

Answer 849

A disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatichyperplasia.

Answer 850

A surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

Answer 851

The placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made into the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone.

Answer 852

A toxic condition, resulting from Reno failure in which urea and other ways products are retaining the blood; also known as uremic poisoning.

Answer 853

The distention of a ureter.

Answer 854

A stone Lake located anywhere along the ureter.

Answer 855

A stone Lake located anywhere along the ureter.

Answer 856

The discharge of blood from a ureter.

Answer 857

The surgical suturing of a ureter.

Answer 858

Inflammation of the urethra.

Answer 859

The surgical repair or damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra.

Answer 860

The surgical repair or damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra.

Answer 861

Bleeding from the urethra.

Answer 862

Narrowing of the urethra.

Answer 863

A surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture.

Answer 864

The insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile, specimen for diagnostic purposes, to drain urine from the bladder when the patient is unable to urinate, or do place medication into the bladder.

Answer 865

An abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina.

Answer 866

A diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

Answer 867

A rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.

Answer 868

A waste product of muscle metabolism.

Answer 869

The major waste product of protein metabolism.

Answer 870

The result when blood flow to the brain is stopped by a blockage in the carotid artery. This can result from the buildup of plaque inside the artery, a blood clot that forms in the artery and block it, or a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body and lodges in the artery.

Answer 871

Less common than ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic strokes result from bleeding in the brain either from a ruptured brain aneurysm are we in a weakened blood vessel, leaks blood around the brain creates swelling and pressure damaging tissue in the brain

Answer 872

The protective covering made up of glial cells. This white sheath forms the white matter of the brain, cover and covers some parts of the spinal cord and the axon of most peripheral nerves.

Answer 873

An excessive fear of heights.

Answer 874

A group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought memory and language. It is the leading cause of dementia and his progressive deterioration that affects memory and reasoning and capabilities.

Answer 875

A rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles, resulting in complete paralysis and death; also know there’s a Lou Gehrig’s disease.

Answer 876

Medication used to induce anesthesia.

Answer 877

A medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia, but is not a physician.

Answer 878

A false perception of body appearance which leads to an intense fear of gaining weight and inability to maintain a healthy body weight

Answer 879

Mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of every day situations or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.

Answer 880

A subgroup of autistic spectrum disorders. Children with autism have significant developmental delays, including speech and language, with most having very minimal verbal skills and lacking normal social relationships.

Answer 881

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face.

Answer 882

An ultrasound study of the carotid artery to detect plague buildup in the artery to predict or diagnosing ischemic stroke

Answer 883

Persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve.

Answer 884

Illis Ing of brain tissue as a result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bow of the school.

Answer 885

A condition characterized by poor muscle controls, spasticity, speech defects, another neurologic deficiencies.

Answer 886

Damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted; also known as a stroke.

Answer 887

Nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region.

Answer 888

An abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.

Answer 889

An abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces.

Answer 890

The mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.

Answer 891

A deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movement, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech.

Answer 892

A violent shaking up or drawing of the brain that may result in a temporary loss of awareness and function.

Answer 893

A collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain.

Answer 894

An acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disorder, thinking, and memory, agitation, and hallucinations.

Answer 895

A disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol.

Answer 896

A false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

Answer 897

A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes.

Answer 898

The thick tough outermost membranes of the meninges.

Answer 899

A learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols; also known as developmental reading disorder.

Answer 900

The use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes.

Answer 901

The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain to the use of electrodes attached to the scalp.

Answer 902

Inflammation of the brain.

Answer 903

Regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.

Answer 904

A chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severities.

Answer 905

A condition in which a person acts as if here she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.

Answer 906

Inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis; also known as infectious polyneuritis.

Answer 907

A sensory perception (site, touch, sound, smell, or taste) experienced in the absence of an external stimulation.

Answer 908

Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or rupture; also known as a bleed.

Answer 909

A condition in which success cerebral spinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 910

A condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, and or other sensory stimuli.

Answer 911

A lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy.

Answer 912

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord.

Answer 913

The congenital herniation of the meningitis that surround the brain of spinal cord through defect in the skull, or spinal column.

Answer 914

A headache that is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head and is sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to lighter sound.

Answer 915

A progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelineation of the myelin sheath, resulting in scarring of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves.

Answer 916

Inflammation of the spinal cord; also inflammation of bone marrow

Answer 917

A radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast, medium through a lumbar puncture.

Answer 918

Sleep disorder, consisting of sudden and an uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day.

Answer 919

Chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor.

Answer 920

An anxiety disorder, characterized by recurrent thoughts or impulses that are repetitive intrusive and distressing.

Answer 921

An unexpected sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger accompanied by physical symptoms, such as heart, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, and or choking sensations.

Answer 922

A burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs or feet, but can also occur in other parts of the body.

Answer 923

A chronic degenerative central nervous system disorder, characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slower, shuffling gate caused by an adequate levels of the new transmitter dopamine in the brain.

Answer 924

A disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry Information to and from the brain and spinal cord producing pain, the loss of sensation and the inability to control muscles.

Answer 925

A disorder that may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else during which the person felt intense, fear, helplessness, or horror with symptoms, including emotional, numbing, hyper arousal, anxiety, sleep disorders, and persistent reliving of the event.

Answer 926

A potentially serious or deadly disorder and children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion; sometimes follows a viral illness in which the child was treated with aspirin.

Answer 927

A psychotic disorder, usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions and hallucinations in accompanied in various degrees by other emotional behavioral or intellectual disturbances.

Answer 928

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve.

Answer 929

A sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or asked for a short time.

Answer 930

The results when a child has been violently shaken by someone can cause brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, and death

Answer 931

The brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain, also known as fainting.

Answer 932

A condition characterized by severe lightninglike pain due to an inflammation on the fifth cranial nerve; affects the cheek lips and gums on the side of the face innervated by the affected nerve.

Answer 933

Eye OD = right eye (oculus dexter) OS = left eye (oculus sinister) OU = each eye (oculus uterque) or both eyes (oculi uterque)

Answer 934

The appendages or accessory structures of an organ. In the eye, these are the structures outside the eyeball, including the orbit eye, muscles eyelids eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus.

Answer 935

Dimness a vision or the partial loss of site, especially in one eye without detectable disease of the eye.

Answer 936

Any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina.

Answer 937

A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.

Answer 938

A condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea.

Answer 939

The use of an anemometer to measure hearing acuity.

Answer 940

The loss of transparency of the lens of the eye that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity.

Answer 941

A modular cyst usually on the upper eyelid caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland.

Answer 942

An electronic device that bypasses the damage portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve.

Answer 943

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by an infection or allergy; also known as pink eye.

Answer 944

An inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be bacterial, viral or fungal infection.

Answer 945

The perception of two images of a single object; also known as double vision.

Answer 946

The reversion (turning outward) of the edge of an eyelid.

Answer 947

The normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light raise to focus correctly on the retina.

Answer 948

The inversion (turning inward) of the edge of an eyelid.

Answer 949

Strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes; also known as cross eyes.

Answer 950

Strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other; also known as walleye.

Answer 951

A photographic study of the blood vessels in the back of the eye, following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein die that act as a contrast medium.

Answer 952

A group of eye diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and retinal nerve fibers.

Answer 953

Blindness in 1/2 of the visual field.

Answer 954

A pus filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid, resulting from an infection in a sebaceous plant; also known as a stye.

Answer 955

A vision defect in which light raise focus beyond the retina; also known as farsightedness.

Answer 956

A contagious inflammation associated with the middle ear infection that causes painful blisters on the eardrum.

Answer 957

The surgical removal of a portion of the iris tissue.

Answer 958

Inflammation of the UV affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye.

Answer 959

Inflammation of the cornea.

Answer 960

The surgical removal of all her a portion of the labyrinth of the inner ear.

Answer 961

Treatment of open angle glaucoma in which a laser is used to create an opening in the trabecular mesh work to allow fluid to drain properly.

Answer 962

The surgical removal of mastoid cells.

Answer 963

The dilation of the pupil.

Answer 964

A vision defect in which light race focus in front of the retina; also known as nearsightedness.

Answer 965

A small surgical incision into the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes.

Answer 966

A condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night; also known as night blindness.

Answer 967

Involuntary constant rhythmic movement of the eyeball.

Answer 968

The visual examination of the funds (back part) of the eye with an ophthalmoscope; also known as funduscopy.

Answer 969

A specialist who holds a doctor of optometry degree, and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine if corrective lenses are needed.

Answer 970

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Answer 971

A fungal infection of the external auditory canal; also known as swimmers ear.

Answer 972

The flow of pus from the ear.

Answer 973

Any discharge from the ear.

Answer 974

Ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear; resulting in conductive hearing loss.

Answer 975

Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disc; also known as a choked disc.

Answer 976

Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disc; also known as a choked disc.

Answer 977

Swelling of the tissue surrounding the eye or eyes.

Answer 978

Excessive sensitivity to light.

Answer 979

A gradual sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as the body ages.

Answer 980

Decline of near vision that occurs with age as the lens becomes less flexible in the muscles of the cillary body becomes weaker.

Answer 981

Drooping of the upper eyelid that it’s usually due to paralysis.

Answer 982

A surgical procedure to treat myopia.

Answer 983

Treatment to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment.

Answer 984

Inflammation of the sclera of the eye.

Answer 985

Deafness that develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged.

Answer 986

The surgical removal of part of the stapes bone and it’s replacement with a small prosthetic device.

Answer 987

A disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus.

Answer 988

The partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids.

Answer 989

A ringing buzzing or roaring sound in one or both ears.

Answer 990

The part of a routine eye examination in which intraocular pressure is measured.

Answer 991

The use of air pressure in the air canal to test for disorders of the middle ear.

Answer 992

A sense of whirling dizziness in the loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting.

Answer 993

The removal of the vitreous fluid of the posterior chamber of the eye and its replacement with a clear solution.

Answer 994

Drawing of the eye surface, including the conjunctiva, also known as dry eye.

Answer 995

White of the eye

Answer 996

Opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides blood supply for entire eye.

Answer 997

Innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye. Received nerve impulses and transmits to the brain via the optic nerve. Aka second cranial nerve.

Answer 998

Controls the air pressure within the middle ear.

Answer 999

A pre-cancerous skin lesion that occurs on sun damaged skin.

Answer 1000

A pre-cancerous skin lesion that occurs on sun damaged skin.

Answer 1001

A genetic condition characterized by deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and Iris is due to a missing enzyme necessary for the production of melanin.

Answer 1002

The partial of complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp; also known as baldness.

Answer 1003

The partial of complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp; also known as baldness.

Answer 1004

Surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelid by removing sagging skin; also known as a lid lift.

Answer 1005

A large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter; plural bullae.

Answer 1006

A soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark.

Answer 1007

A soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark.

Answer 1008

A cluster of connected furuncles (boils).

Answer 1009

An acute common rapidly spreading infection within the connective tissues.

Answer 1010

A pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face; also known as melasma or the mask of pregnancy.

Answer 1011

A normal scar, resulting from the healing of a wound;: plural, cicatrices.

Answer 1012

A non-infected lesion formed by the buildup of Sebum, and keratin in a hair follicle; also known as, a blackhead; plural, comedones.

Answer 1013

The removal of dirt, foreign objects, damage tissue and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and promote healing.

Answer 1014

Inflammation of the skin.

Answer 1015

Profuse, but not necessarily excessive, sweating.

Answer 1016

Atypical moles, that may develop into skin cancer.

Answer 1017

A large, irregular area of purple is discoloration due to bleeding under the skin; plural, ecchymoses.

Answer 1018

A form of persistent or recurring, dermatitis, characterized by redness, itching, and dryness with possible blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.

Answer 1019

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation.

Answer 1020

Abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.

Answer 1021

Refers to a widespread rash, usually in children.

Answer 1022

A condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin, often with pruritis, erythroderma, and hair loss.

Answer 1023

Inflammation of the hair follicles that is especially common on the limbs and in the beard area on men.

Answer 1024

Large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair, follicles, or sebaceous glands; also known as boils.

Answer 1025

A small, not like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis.

Answer 1026

A swelling of clotted, blood trapped in the tissues.

Answer 1027

Excessive bodily and facial hair and women, usually occurring in a male pattern.

Answer 1028

A group of hereditary disorders, characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin.

Answer 1029

I highly contagious, bacterial skin infection, characterized by isolated, pustules that become crusted and rupture.

Answer 1030

An abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.

Answer 1031

Any skin growth, such as a ward or callous, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin; plural, keratoses.

Answer 1032

A malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon; also known as spoon now.

Answer 1033

A chronic abnormal condition, usually in women, that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs.

Answer 1034

A benign slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer.

Answer 1035

A discolored, flat spot, such as a freckle, that is less than 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 1036

A type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes.

Answer 1037

A severe infection caused by group, a strep bacteria that enters the body through a wound. If untreated, the infected body tissue can be destroyed, and the illness may be fatal; also known as flesh eating bacteria.

Answer 1038

Ingrown toenail in which the edges of a toenail curve inward and cut into the skin.

Answer 1039

A fungal infection of the nail.

Answer 1040

A benign superficial wart like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.

Answer 1041

A small raised red lesion, such as an insect bite that is less than .5 cm in diameter.

Answer 1042

An acute or chronic infection of the skinfold around a nail.

Answer 1043

An infestation with lice.

Answer 1044

Small, pinpoint hemorrhage, less than 2 mm in diameter; singular, petechia.

Answer 1045

Itching associated with most forms of dermatitis.

Answer 1046

A common skin disorder, characterized by flareups in which red pulse covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back or buttocks.

Answer 1047

The appearance of multiple purple discoloration on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

Answer 1048

Producing or containing pus.

Answer 1049

The surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face for the elimination of wrinkles; also known as a facelift.

Answer 1050

A chronic condition of unknown cause, characterized by tiny red, pimples and broken blood vessels.

Answer 1051

A skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites that caused small, itchy, bumps, and blisters by burning into the top layer of human skin to lay their eggs.

Answer 1052

An auto immune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened.

Answer 1053

Over activity of the sebaceous glands that result in production of an excessive amount of sebum.

Answer 1054

A malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium; however, it can quickly spread to other body systems.

Answer 1055

An autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk. This condition also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems, especially in the joints.

Answer 1056

A fungal infection of the skin, hair or nails; also known as ringworm.

Answer 1057

Itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction; also known as hives.

Answer 1058

Small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus; also known as warts; singular, verruca.

Answer 1059

A skin condition, resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes and causing a regular patches of white skin.

Answer 1060

A small bump that itches and can appear as a symptom of an allergic reaction; a well.

Answer 1061

Excessively dry skin; also known as xerosis.

Answer 1062

Latin meaning to cover or enclose

Answer 1063

Occurring in a well-defined area.

Answer 1064

Fluid that leaks out of an infected wound.

Answer 1065

Producing pus

Answer 1066

Sweat glands that open directly onto the surface of the skin.

Answer 1067

Sweat glands

Answer 1068

Skin condition Caused by fungus.

Answer 1069

The lesions of psoriasis.

Answer 1070

Aka Sebaceous cyst, a closed sac found just under the skin.

Answer 1071

A rare, chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.

Answer 1072

A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones, cortisol or aldosterone.

Answer 1073

Inflammation of the adrenal glands.

Answer 1074

An abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone.

Answer 1075

The home alone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys.

Answer 1076

A hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues.

Answer 1077

A disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.

Answer 1078

A hormone that has an anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body.

Answer 1079

A congenital form of hypothyroidism that, if not treated soon after birth, causes arrested, physical, and mental development.

Answer 1080

A condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat, inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism.

Answer 1081

A condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to the antidiuretic hormone.

Answer 1082

A group of metabolism disorders, characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

Answer 1083

Injury to the eye that occurs when diabetes damages, the tiny blood vessels in the retina other eye.

Answer 1084

Mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood.

Answer 1085

A hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress such as fear; also known as adrenaline.

Answer 1086

A hormone with an important role in the development and maintenance of the female, secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 1087

An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit.

Answer 1088

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female. In the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles (testes).

Answer 1089

A blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks.

Answer 1090

The form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies.

Answer 1091

Abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty.

Answer 1092

The hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.

Answer 1093

The basic form of energy used by the body; also known as blood sugar.

Answer 1094

A disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism.

Answer 1095

The hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues.

Answer 1096

The condition of excessive mammary development in the mail.

Answer 1097

An autoimmune disease in which the bodies own antibodies attack and destroy the cell of the thyroid gland.

Answer 1098

Abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood, instead of being stored in the bones and teeth.

Answer 1099

An abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood.

Answer 1100

A condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream.

Answer 1101

The excessive secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism.

Answer 1102

The overproduction of thyroid hormones, which causes an imbalance of metabolism.

Answer 1103

And I’m normally low concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Answer 1104

A deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as underactive thyroid.

Answer 1105

The hormones secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream. It’s function is to allow glucose to enter our cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.

Answer 1106

A benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia.

Answer 1107

A minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands.

Answer 1108

A protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite.

Answer 1109

A protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite.

Answer 1110

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. In the mail, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

Answer 1111

The hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone. In the male, it stimulates the secretion of testosterone.

Answer 1112

A severe form of adult hypothyroidism.

Answer 1113

A combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 1114

A combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 1115

Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

Answer 1116

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Answer 1117

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Answer 1118

The surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

Answer 1119

One of two types of slow – growing, benign tumors of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion.

Answer 1120

Excessive thirst.

Answer 1121

Excessive thirst.

Answer 1122

Excessive hunger.

Answer 1123

Excessive hunger.

Answer 1124

Excessive urination.

Answer 1125

Excessive urination.

Answer 1126

A condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type two diabetes.

Answer 1127

A condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type two diabetes.

Answer 1128

This hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary.

Answer 1129

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin.

Answer 1130

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin.

Answer 1131

The process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing.

Answer 1132

The oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.

Answer 1133

The oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells.

Answer 1134

A large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure.

Answer 1135

A large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure.

Answer 1136

A steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 1137

The surgical removal of the thymus gland.

Answer 1138

The surgical removal of the thymus gland.

Answer 1139

Inflammation of the thymus gland.

Answer 1140

Hormone secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the mature ation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system.

Answer 1141

One of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of other body systems.

Answer 1142

A small isolated mask, or island of one type of tissue with a larger mass or a different type.

Answer 1143

A small isolated mask, or island of one type of tissue with a larger mass or a different type.

Answer 1144

To secrete within

Answer 1145

A disorder in which the placenta separates from the urine wall before the birth of the fetus.

Answer 1146

The abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more.

Answer 1147

A surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid.

Answer 1148

The decrease of the male hormone testosterone.

Answer 1149

A scale of one to 10 to evaluate a newborn infant physical status at one and five minutes after birth.

Answer 1150

The absence of sperm in the semen.

Answer 1151

The presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix.

Answer 1152

Inflammation of the cervix.

Answer 1153

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomayis.

Answer 1154

A diagnostic test to search for genetic abnormalities in the developing fetus.

Answer 1155

The specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest.

Answer 1156

The surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure.

Answer 1157

Surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina.

Answer 1158

Direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina.

Answer 1159

Pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period.

Answer 1160

A more serious form of preeclampsia that is characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma.

Answer 1161

A condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted and begins to develop outside of the uterus; also known as an extra uterine pregnancy.

Answer 1162

Inflammation of the mucus membrane lining of the cervix.

Answer 1163

A condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity.

Answer 1164

Inflammation of the epididymis.

Answer 1165

A surgical incision of the Perian to facilitate delivery and prevent laceration of the tissues.

Answer 1166

Around firm rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast.

Answer 1167

The presence of single or multiple benign cysts located in the breast.

Answer 1168

The production of breastmilk in women who are not breast-feeding.

Answer 1169

A highly contagious, sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Answer 1170

The presence of blood in the seminal fluid.

Answer 1171

A fluid filled sack in the scrotum that is located along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles.

Answer 1172

An unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period.

Answer 1173

The surgical removal of the uterus.

Answer 1174

A radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes following the instillation of radiopaque material.

Answer 1175

The direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes.

Answer 1176

A profuse whitish mucus did discharge from the uterus and vagina.

Answer 1177

Pain in the breast; also known as mastodynia.

Answer 1178

A surgical procedure to fix sagging breast into a more elevated position.

Answer 1179

The beginning of the menstrual function at puberty.

Answer 1180

Excessive uterine bleeding, occurring both at the usual time of menstrual periods and other irregular intervals.

Answer 1181

And newborn infant during the first four weeks after birth.

Answer 1182

A woman who has never been pregnant.

Answer 1183

A woman who has never born a viable child.

Answer 1184

A physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter.

Answer 1185

In frequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods.

Answer 1186

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

Answer 1187

The surgical removal of one or both testicles; also known as an orchiectomy.

Answer 1188

Endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum.

Answer 1189

Any inflammation of the female reproductive organs, not associated with surgery or pregnancy.

Answer 1190

Their transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all.

Answer 1191

A form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis has bent or curved during erection.

Answer 1192

The abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus.

Answer 1193

A condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by and completely developed follicles.

Answer 1194

A complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.

Answer 1195

A painful erection that lasts four or five more hours and is not accompanied bisexual excitement.

Answer 1196

A woman during her first pregnancy.

Answer 1197

A woman who has born one viable child.

Answer 1198

Severe itching of the external female genitalia.

Answer 1199

Severe itching of the external female genitalia.

Answer 1200

The surgical removal of a fallopian tube and an ovary.

Answer 1201

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidium.

Answer 1202

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema Pallidium.

Answer 1203

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis.

Answer 1204

A sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis.

Answer 1205

The condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sag into the vagina.

Answer 1206

A knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum.

Answer 1207

A procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomy, outsized male; also known as a vasectomy reversal.

Answer 1208

An analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation.

Answer 1209

A traditional Chinese medical practice using thin needles inserted into specific points of the body.

Answer 1210

The presence of the protein albumin in the urine; a sign of impaired kidney function.

Answer 1211

The class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness.

Answer 1212

Medication administered to prevent or reduce fever.

Answer 1213

The surgical puncture of a joint space to remove synovial fluid for analysis.

Answer 1214

Listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body.

Answer 1215

The presence of bacteria in the urine.

Answer 1216

And I’m normal sound heard during auscultation of an artery.

Answer 1217

The abnormal presence of calcium in the urine.

Answer 1218

The patient’s consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by physician or other healthcare professional.

Answer 1219

A thin fan shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body.

Answer 1220

A factor in a patient’s condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment, dangerous or ill advised.

Answer 1221

An increased concentration of creatine in the urine.

Answer 1222

An ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart.

Answer 1223

A small flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end.

Answer 1224

An imaging technique used to visualize body parts in lotion by projecting an x-ray images on luminous fluorescent screen.

Answer 1225

The presence of glucose in the urine.

Answer 1226

The percentage by volume of a blood sample occupied by red blood cells.

Answer 1227

The presence of blood in the urine.

Answer 1228

And extremely high fever.

Answer 1229

And abnormally low body temperature.

Answer 1230

And unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to an individual.

Answer 1231

The use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy.

Answer 1232

The administration of medication by injection into the middle layers of the skin.

Answer 1233

Then administration of medication by injection directly into the muscle tissue.

Answer 1234

Administration of medication by injection directly into a vein.

Answer 1235

The presence of ketones in the urine.

Answer 1236

Visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope.

Answer 1237

And examination position in which the patient is lying on the back with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups.

Answer 1238

An imaging technique that uses a combination of radio waves, and a strong man magnetic field to create signals that are sent to a computer and converted into images or any plane through the body; also known as an MRI.

Answer 1239

An instrument used to examine the interior of the eye.

Answer 1240

An instrument used to visually examine the external air canal and tympanic membrane.

Answer 1241

A substance that eases the pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease, but but does not cure it.

Answer 1242

Taken into the body, or administered, in a manner other than through the digestive tract.

Answer 1243

Taken into the body, or administered, in a manner other than through the digestive tract.

Answer 1244

A diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area that uses the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.

Answer 1245

The flow of blood through an organ.

Answer 1246

A surgical puncture to draw fluid from the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid.

Answer 1247

A surgical puncture to draw fluid from the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid.

Answer 1248

The puncture of a vein for the purpose of drying blood; also known as venipuncture.

Answer 1249

An inactive substance that is given only for its suggestive effects.

Answer 1250

An imaging technique that combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas.

Answer 1251

And examination position in which the patient is lying on the abdomen with the face down.

Answer 1252

The presence of an abnormal amount of protein in the urine.

Answer 1253

The presence of pus in the urine.

Answer 1254

A substance that allows x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film.

Answer 1255

A substance that does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film.

Answer 1256

Abnormal crackle like lung sounds heard through a stethoscope during inspiration.

Answer 1257

Any position in which the patient is lying down. This can be on the back, front, or side.

Answer 1258

Course rattling breath sounds that are somewhat like snoring.

Answer 1259

An examination position in which the patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh, drawn up and the left arm placed along the back.

Answer 1260

A type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3-D computer rest restricted images showing perfusion through tissues and organs.

Answer 1261

An instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior.

Answer 1262

An instrument used to measure blood pressure.

Answer 1263

An instrument used to listen to sounds within the body.

Answer 1264

An abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or in the larynx (voice box).

Answer 1265

The administration of medication by injection into the fatty layer just below the skin.

Answer 1266

Medication administered from a patch that is applied to unbroken skin.

Answer 1267

An ultrasonic imaging technique that is performed from inside the esophagus to evaluate heart structures.

Answer 1268

The imaging of the body structures by recording the echoes of sound wave pulses that are above the range of human hearing; also known as ultrasound and diagnostic ultrasound.

Answer 1269

An examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements.

Answer 1270

Aka minerals

Medical Terms Flashcards

(1314 cards)