Medical Terms Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Abdominocentesis

Answer

A

The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes

Question 2

Q

Acronym

Answer

A

A word formed from the initial letters of the major parts of a compound term

Question 3

Q

Acute

Answer

A

A condition that has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration

Question 4

Q

Angiography

Answer

A

The process of producing a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make the blood vessels visible.

Question 5

Q

Appendectomy

Answer

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

Question 6

Q

Arteriosclerosis

Answer

A

Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

Question 7

Q

Arthralgia

Answer

A

Pain in a joint or joints

Question 8

Q

Colostomy

Answer

A

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

Question 9

Q

Cyanosis

Answer

A

Blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

Question 10

Q

Dermatologist

Answer

A

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

Question 11

Q

Diagnosis

Answer

A

The identification of a disease

Question 12

Q

Diarrhea

Answer

A

The frequent flow of loose or watery stools

Question 13

Q

Edema

Answer

A

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

Question 14

Q

Endarterial

Answer

A

Pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

Question 15

Q

Eponym

Answer

A

A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first

Question 16

Q

Erythrocyte

Answer

A

A mature red blood cell produced by the red bone marrow. Primary role is to transport oxygen to the tissues. This oxygen’s transported by hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes.

Question 17

Q

Fissure

Answer

A

A groove or cracklike sore of the skin; also a normal fold in the contours of the brain

Question 18

Q

Fistula

Answer

A

An abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body

Question 19

Q

Gastralgia

Answer

A

Pain in the stomach

Question 20

Q

Gastritis

Answer

A

Inflammation of the stomach

Question 21

Q

Gastroenteritis

Answer

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

Question 22

Q

Gastrosis

Answer

A

Any abnormal condition or disease of the stomach

Question 23

Q

Hemorrhage

Answer

A

The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

Question 24

Q

Hepatomegaly

Answer

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

Question 25

Q

Hypertension

Answer

A

Higher-than-normal blood pressure. Secondary hypertension is caused by a different medical problem, such as kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands. When then other problem is resolved the secondary hypertension usually improves. Malignant hypertension is characterized by very high blood pressure. This condition, which can be fatal, is usually accompanied by damage to the organs, brain and optic nerves or failure of the heart and kidneys.

Question 26

Q

Hypotension

Answer

A

Lower-than-normal arterial blood pressure. Symptoms can include dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting. Orthostatic hypotension, aka postural hypotension is low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up. Orthodontic means relating to an upright or standing position.

Question 27

Q

Infection

Answer

A

Invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

Question 28

Q

Inflammation

Answer

A

A localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues that is characterized by heat, redness, swelling and pain

Question 29

Q

Interstitial

Answer

A

Between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

Question 30

Q

Intramuscular

Answer

A

Within the muscle

Question 31

Q

Laceration

Answer

A

A torn, jagged wound or an accidental cut wound

Question 32

Q

Lesion

Answer

A

A pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

Question 33

Q

Malaise

Answer

A

A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

Question 34

Q

Mycosis

Answer

A

Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

Question 35

Q

Myelopathy

Answer

A

Any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord

Question 36

Q

Myopathy

Answer

A

Any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue

Question 37

Q

Myorrhexis

Answer

A

The rupture of a muscle

Question 38

Q

Natal

Answer

A

Pertaining to birth

Question 39

Q

Neonatology

Answer

A

Study of disorders of a newborn

Question 40

Q

Neurorrhaphy

Answer

A

Suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

Question 41

Q

Otorhinolaryngology

Answer

A

Study of the ears, nose and theoat

Question 42

Q

Palpation

Answer

A

An examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

Question 43

Q

Palpitation

Answer

A

A pounding or racing heart

Question 44

Q

Pathology

Answer

A

The study of all aspects of diseases

Question 45

Q

Phalanges

Answer

A

The bones of the fingers and toes. Big toe has two phalanges and each of the others have 3.
Phalanx is a single finger or toe.

Question 46

Q

Poliomyelitis

Answer

A

A viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord

Question 47

Q

Prognosis

Answer

A

A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

Question 48

Q

Pyoderma

Answer

A

Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

Question 49

Q

Pyrosis

Answer

A

Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus

Question 50

Q

Remission

Answer

A

The temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure

Question 51

Q

Sign

Answer

A

Objective evidence of disease, such as a fever

Question 52

Q

Supination

Answer

A

The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward

Question 53

Q

Suppuration

Answer

A

The formation or discharge of pus

Question 54

Q

Supracostal

Answer

A

Above or outside the ribs

Question 55

Q

Symptom

Answer

A

Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache

Question 56

Q

Syndrome

Answer

A

A set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

Question 57

Q

Tonsillitis

Answer

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

Question 58

Q

Trauma

Answer

A

Wound or injury

Question 59

Q

Triage

Answer

A

Medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment

Question 60

Q

Viral

Answer

A

Pertaining to a virus

Question 61

Q

Abdominal cavity

Answer

A

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

Question 62

Q

Adenectomy

Answer

A

The surgical removal of a gland

Question 63

Q

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

A

A malignant tumor that originated in glandular tissue

Question 64

Q

Adenoma

Answer

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

Answer 65

A

Abnormal softening of a gland

Answer 66

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland

Answer 67

A

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Answer 68

A

The study of the structures of the body

Answer 69

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

Answer 70

A

Situated in front

Answer 71

A

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Answer 72

A

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

Answer 73

A

Toward the lower part of the body

Answer 74

A

Toward the head

Answer 75

A

A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

Answer 76

A

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

Answer 77

A

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Answer 78

A

The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

Answer 79

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

Answer 80

A

Back of the body or organ

Answer 81

A

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

Answer 82

A

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

Answer 83

A

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 84

A

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

Answer 85

A

The region located above the stomach

Answer 86

A

The study of the causes of diseases

Answer 87

A

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body

Answer 88

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

Answer 89

A

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Answer 90

A

A physician who specializes in the care of older people

Answer 91

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

Answer 92

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

Answer 93

A

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Answer 94

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

Answer 95

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues

Answer 96

A

The region of the abdomen that is below the stomach

Answer 97

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

Answer 98

A

Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Answer 99

A

An illness without known cause

Answer 100

A

Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

Answer 101

A

Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

Answer 102

A

The direction toward or nearer the midline

Answer 103

A

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attached parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Answer 104

A

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

Answer 105

A

A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Answer 106

A

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

Answer 107

A

The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

Answer 108

A

The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place with the abdominal cavity

Answer 109

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 110

A

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

Answer 111

A

The study of the functions of the body structures

Answer 112

A

Situated in the back or on the back part of an organ

Answer 113

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

Answer 114

A

Located behind the peritoneum

Answer 115

A

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

Answer 116

A

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs also known as the chest cavity

Answer 117

A

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

Answer 118

A

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

Answer 119

A

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

Answer 120

A

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

Answer 121

A

Pertaining to the skull

Answer 122

A

The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Answer 123

A

Pertaining to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit

Answer 124

A

Refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen, including the groin, which is the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.

Answer 125

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region below the ribs. Also an individual with an abnormal concern for his or her health.

Answer 126

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located above the stomach

Answer 127

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located near the inward curve of the spine. Part of the ribs between the ribs and pelvis.

Answer 128

A

Part of the thorqx/abdomen region that Surrounds the umbilicus, which is commonly known as the belly button or navel. This pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

Answer 129

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located near the hip bones

Answer 130

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located below the stomach

Answer 131

A

A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

Answer 132

A

A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ.

Answer 133

A

A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

Answer 134

A

The inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 135

A

Relating to internal organs.

Answer 136

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Answer 137

A

The study of the anatomy

Answer 138

A

Study of the causes of diseases

Answer 139

A

Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area.

Answer 140

A

Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body. (IE chicken pox which has a rash is an organic disorder by a virus)

Answer 141

A

The congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubal.

Answer 142

A

The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

Answer 143

A

Living tissue made up of mostly collagens d calcium which can grow and repair itself. Collagen is a protein providing the framework and calcium is a mineral that adds strength and hardness. The combo of both make bones flexible and strong enough to withstand stress.

Answer 144

A

The point at which two or more bones are connected.

Answer 145

A

Lining that beeps bones from grinding against each other. Softer than bones and found in many other body parts such as rib cage, external ear, tip of nose and intervertebral disks.

Answer 146

A

Strong, elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones.

Answer 147

A

Fluid-filled sac that cushions areas subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.

Answer 148

A

Bones of skull dividend into 2 groups… cranium and face. The 8 bones that form the cranium protect the brain. There are 14 bones that form the face. The auditory ossicles are 3 tiny bones located in each middle ear.

Answer 149

A

Protects the heart and lungs. Consists of 25 ribs, sternum (breastbone), and 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spinal column.

Answer 150

A

Aka as the vertebrae column, the spinal column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. The bony structures of the spinal column are called vertebrae. There are 26 vertebrae - 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx. The intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers that separate and cushion them from each other.

Answer 151

A

Bones of the arms, forearms, wrists, hands and fingers.

Answer 152

A

Aka pectoral girdle, is a set of bones which connects to the arms on each side. These bones are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements.

Answer 153

A

Bones of the hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet and toes.

Answer 154

A

A largely immobile bony, weight-bearing structure that provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs.

Answer 155

A

Largest bone in body - thigh bone. Head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket). The femoral neck is the narrow area just below the head of the femur.

Answer 156

A

Aka jawbone

Answer 157

A

Aka tailbone

Answer 158

A

Bones that form the wrist

Answer 159

A

A band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract. Contraction is stimulated by nerve impulses and triggers the movement of the muscle. When the impulse is removed the muscle relaxes back to its natural state. This pattern of contraction and relaxation is responsible for all the movements in the body. The 3 types of muscles are skeletal, smooth, and myocardial.

Answer 160

A

Attached to the bones and help limbs and other body parts move. These muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. They are also known as striated muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.

Answer 161

A

Make up the walls of the hollow organs (intestines, stomach, urinary bladder, uterus), blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. These muscles are under involuntary control, which means they are not consciously directed. Smooth muscles do not have striations.

Answer 162

A

Aka cardiac muscles, make up the wall of the heart and are responsible for the forceful contractions of the heart. The action of these muscles is involuntary.

Answer 163

A

Densely woven sheath of connective tissue that supports muscles, bones, nerves, arteries and veins, and surrounds virtually every organ of the human body, including the heart, lungs, brain and spinal cord. One continuous structure from head to toe. It’s also mostly collagen so it’s very flexible.

Answer 164

A

Tough cords of tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones. Tendons and muscles work together and exert a pulling force to move the bone. The largest tendon on the human body is the Achille’s tendon, which attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone.

Answer 165

A

The large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint; commonly known as the hip socket

Answer 166

A

Originating within another (ie allogenic bone marrow transplant uses bone marrow from a compatible donor but must be a perfect match).

Answer 167

A

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Answer 168

A

The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

Answer 169

A

The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

Answer 170

A

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Answer 171

A

Originating within the individual (ie autologous bone marrow transplant is when patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells which have been harvested and treated).

Answer 172

A

An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

Answer 173

A

The abnormal softening of cartilage

Answer 174

A

A fractured in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Answer 175

A

Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

Answer 176

A

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Answer 177

A

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

Answer 178

A

The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Answer 179

A

A low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density

Answer 180

A

A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of iron acid crystals on the joints

Answer 181

A

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion

Answer 182

A

Blood within a joint

Answer 183

A

Pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Answer 184

A

A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

Answer 185

A

An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

Answer 186

A

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; also known as humpback or dowager’s himp

Answer 187

A

The surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra

Answer 188

A

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback

Answer 189

A

Pain in the lumbar region of the spine; aka low back pain

Answer 190

A

The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Answer 191

A

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Answer 192

A

The five bones that form the back of the hand

Answer 193

A

The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

Answer 194

A

Type of cancer that occurs in the blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

Answer 195

A

A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture

Answer 196

A

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; aka an orthopedist

Answer 197

A

A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

Answer 198

A

Inflammation of a bone

Answer 199

A

The type of arthritis commonly associated with aging; aka wear-and-tear arthritis. Known as a degenerative joint disease because it is characterized by wearing away of the particular cartilage within the joints. Also characterized by hyper trophy of bone and the formation of osteophytes, aka bone spurs.

Answer 200

A

A benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Answer 201

A

The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

Answer 202

A

Aka adult rickets / Abnormal softening of bones in adults / caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphate.

Answer 203

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Answer 204

A

Thinner-than-average bone density

Answer 205

A

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently asssocisted with aging. Osteoporosis is primarily responsible for 3 types of fractures: compression fracture aka vertebrae crush fracture, Colles’ fracture, osteoporotic hip fracture.

Answer 206

A

A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as a result of a fall

Answer 207

A

Surgical suturing or working together of bones

Answer 208

A

A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation

Answer 209

A

When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer

Answer 210

A

A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine

Answer 211

A

Inflammation of the periosteum

Answer 212

A

A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Answer 213

A

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

Answer 214

A

A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated (aka implant).

Answer 215

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. As RA progressively attacks the synovial membranes they become inflamed and thickened so that the joints are increasingly swollen painful and immobile.

Answer 216

A

Deficiency disease in children characterized by defective bone growth caused by a lack of vitamin D

Answer 217

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 218

A

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

Answer 219

A

Fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Answer 220

A

Forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

Answer 221

A

Degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function; aka spinal osteoarthritis

Answer 222

A

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Answer 223

A

Surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Answer 224

A

Bony structural units of the spinal column

Answer 225

A

Process by which a newborn skeleton of membranes and cartilage turn to bone (after 3 months)

Answer 226

A

See chart in chapter 3 page 59.

Periosteum, compact bone, cortical bone, spongy bone aka cancellous bone, long bone, medullary cavity, endosteum

Answer 227

A

Curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints such as the knee and tmj joint of the jaw

Answer 228

A

Diaphysis, epiphyses, foramen, foramen magnum, process, mastoid process

Answer 229

A

Soft spots which help facilitate the passage of infant through the birth canal and then allows the skull to grow during the first year.

Answer 230

A

Ch 3 page 61.
Synovial capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, bursa

Answer 231

A

Anything that is attached to a major part of the body

Answer 232

A

Referring to an appendage

Answer 233

A

The terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg

Answer 234

A

Ch 3 pg 62
8 bones enclose and protect the brain: frontal bone, 2 parietal bones, occipital bone, 2 temporal bones, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone

Answer 235

A

The opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull. A meatus is the external opening of a canal

Answer 236

A

3 tiny bones located in each middle ear. These bones are known as the malleus, incus, and stapes

Answer 237

A

Ch 3 pg 62
14 bones

Answer 238

A

Bony structure that protects the heart and lungs. Consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion of the spinal column. Aka the rib cage.

Answer 239

A

Ch 3 pg 63
Aka Breastbone

Answer 240

A

Form the pectoral girdle which supports the arms and hands. Aka shoulder girdle.

Clavicle aka collar bone, scapula, acromion

Answer 241

A

Humerus, radius, ulna, and olecranon process

Answer 242

A

8 carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, each 4 finger has 3 bones, the thumb has 2

Answer 243

A

Ala bony pelvis, protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities. In addition to the sacrum and coccyx, it includes the pelvic girdle (which consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis)

Answer 244

A

A place where two bones are closely joined (ie pubic symphysis)

Answer 245

A

Aka kneecap. Bony anterior portion of the knee. The term popliteal describes the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located. The cruciate ligaments make movements of the knee possible. These are known as the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments because they are shaped like a cross.

Answer 246

A

Aka shinbone. The larger anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

Answer 247

A

The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg.

Answer 248

A

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot to make the necessary movements possible. Each ankle is made up of 7 short tarsal bones. Similar to bones in wrists except much larger in size. The talus is the ankle bones that articulates with the tibia and fibula. Malleolus is a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint. The calcaneus, aka heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones.

Answer 249

A

The loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure.

Answer 250

A

The loss of absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury or surgical procedure.

Answer 251

A

Aka frozen shoulder. Cause by adhesions forming in the synovial capsule surrounding the shoulder, making the joints become thicker and tighter.

Answer 252

A

Stiffness of the joints especially in the elderly

Answer 253

A

Little box

Answer 254

A

Aka popliteal cyst / a fluid filled sac behind the knee. This usually results from a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis triggering the production of excess synovial fluid. The condition is named for British surgeon William Baker.

Answer 255

A

An inflammation of a bursa

Answer 256

A

Inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck shoulders upper arms, and hips and thighs.

Answer 257

A

Occurs when a ligament that connects bones to a joint is wrenched or torn

Answer 258

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint. This condition is caused by arthritis, trauma, infection or irritation produced by damaged cartilage.

Answer 259

A

Aka luxation / total displacement of a bone from its joint. Subluxation is partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

Answer 260

A

Inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are over 100 types of arthritis.

Answer 261

A

Breaking down of a body part

Answer 262

A

Bone spurs

Answer 263

A

Aka gouty arthritis which is a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of iris acid crystals in the joints, usually beginning in the big toe.

Answer 264

A

Aka RA / a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

Answer 265

A

An inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are more than 100 types of arthritis.

Answer 266

A

Kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Answer 267

A

Aka osteonecrosis, an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow. It most commonly occurs in the hip joint

Answer 268

A

Blood vessels

Answer 269

A

Aka club foot / describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bone).

Answer 270

A

Tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib. Peak incidence for the development of this condition is 10-20 years.

Answer 271

A

Primary is a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone. Secondary describes tumors that have metastasized (spread) to bones from other organs such as the breast and lungs.

Answer 272

A

Abnormal growth of bone on a bone.

Answer 273

A

Named for Irish surgeon Abraham Colles, aka fractured wrist.

Answer 274

A

Closed aka simple or complete, open aka compound, green stick aka incomplete, comminuted, oblique, pathologic, spiral, stress and transverse

Answer 275

A

Aka simple or complete fracture / one in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound on the skin

Answer 276

A

Aka simple or complete fracture / one in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound on the skin

Answer 277

A

Aka compound fracture / one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound on the skin.

Answer 278

A

One in which a bone is splintered or crushed.

Answer 279

A

Aka incomplete fracture / one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken / occurs primarily in children.

Answer 280

A

Occurs at an angle across the bone.

Answer 281

A

Occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer.

Answer 282

A

A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart. This type of fracture occurs as the result of a severe twisting motion such as a knee injury.

Answer 283

A

An overuse injury / a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact.

Answer 284

A

Occurs straight across the bone

Answer 285

A

When a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood. An embolus is any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel.

Answer 286

A

Aka Crepitus / the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. It is often used to describe the popping or clicking sound heard in the movements of some joints.

Answer 287

A

A callus forms as a bulging deposit around the area of a break. Thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing.

Answer 288

A

Aka x-ray / the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities.

Answer 289

A

The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

Answer 290

A

A diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test.

Answer 291

A

The use of a syringe to withdraw tissue from the red bone marrow.

Answer 292

A

Used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints. Not very effective for imaging hard tissue such as bone.

Answer 293

A

Determined losses or changes in bone density to diagnose conditions such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteopenia, and Paget’s disease.

Answer 294

A

A screening procedure using sound waves to test for osteoporosis or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass. Measurements are taken of the calcaneus (heel) bone.

Answer 295

A

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. More accurate than ultrasonic bone density testing.

Answer 296

A

A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. More accurate than ultrasonic bone density testing.

Answer 297

A

Used to treat certain types of cancers such as leukemia and lymphomas, which affect bone marrow. Patient’s bone marrow and cancer cells are destroyed with high-intensity radiation and chemotherapy then healthy bone marrow stem cells are transfused into the recipient’s blood. These cells migrate to the spongy bone where they multiply to form new cancer-free bone marrow. Stem cells produced by the bone marrow eventually develop into blood cells.

Answer 298

A

A mechanical appliance such as a shoe insert which will help control or correct for impaired limb function.

Answer 299

A

A substitute for a missing body part.

Answer 300

A

A minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint.

Answer 301

A

The surgical repair of damaged cartilage.

Answer 302

A

Surgical repair of a damaged joint (has come to mean the surgical placement of an artificial joint).

Answer 303

A

Performed to treat a herniated invertebral disk. A thin tube is inserted through the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured disk or to vaporize it with a laser.

Answer 304

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the skull l. Performed to treat craniostenosis or to relieve increased intracranial pressure due to swelling of the brain.

Answer 305

A

Surgical incision or opening into the skull. Performed to gain access to the brain to remove a tumor, to relieve intracranial pressure, or to obtain access for other surgical procedures.

Answer 306

A

Surgical repair of the skull.

Answer 307

A

Surgical removal of bone.

Answer 308

A

Surgical suturing or working together of bones.

Answer 309

A

Surgical cutting of a bone.

Answer 310

A

An incision through the periosteum to the bone.

Answer 311

A

Aka manipulation. Attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation.

Answer 312

A

A pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment.

Answer 313

A

A fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissues and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing. When healing is complete the appliance is removed.

Answer 314

A

Aka open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. Not usually removed after the fracture has healed.

Answer 315

A

The shaft of a long bone

Answer 316

A

Lower portion of sternum

Answer 317

A

Opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass. Plural is foramina.

Answer 318

A

A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body part, typically a bone. These bony processes serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, or ligaments and can also help form joints.

For example:
• The mastoid process is a bony prominence behind the ear that serves as an attachment for neck muscles.
• The xiphoid process, at the base of the sternum, connects with several muscles.

Answer 319

A

Cheekbone

Answer 320

A

Point of the elbow

Answer 321

A

Autoimmune arthritis

Answer 322

A

Type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

Answer 323

A

A rare and aggressive type of cancer that primarily affects bones and soft tissues, particularly in children and adolescents. It is part of a group of tumors known as Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which also includes peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET).

This cancer most commonly develops in the long bones, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus, but can also occur in other parts of the body, including the pelvis, ribs, and soft tissues. Ewing’s sarcoma typically causes symptoms like pain, swelling, and sometimes fever.

The exact cause of Ewing’s sarcoma is not fully understood, but it is thought to result from a genetic mutation, often involving a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Answer 324

A

Make body movement possible, hold body erect, move body fluids, and produce body heat.

Answer 325

A

Cover, support, and separate muscles.

Answer 326

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Answer 327

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Answer 328

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structure together abnormally.

Answer 329

A

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Answer 330

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

Answer 331

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

Answer 332

A

Extreme slowness in movement.

Answer 333

A

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.

Answer 334

A

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

Answer 335

A

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Answer 336

A

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

Answer 337

A

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Answer 338

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions.

Answer 339

A

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

Answer 340

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Answer 341

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

Answer 342

A

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbows. Lateral is aka tennis elbow and medial aka golfers elbow.

Answer 343

A

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Answer 344

A

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 345

A

Inflammation of a fascia.

Answer 346

A

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

Answer 347

A

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Answer 348

A

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.

Answer 349

A

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

Answer 350

A

Total paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

Answer 351

A

The profusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

Answer 352

A

Abnormally increased motor function or activity, aka hyperactivity.

Answer 353

A

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Answer 354

A

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Answer 355

A

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

Answer 356

A

Pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

Answer 357

A

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

Answer 358

A

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness is voluntary muscles.

Answer 359

A

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Answer 360

A

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

Answer 361

A

A specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofacial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 362

A

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Answer 363

A

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.

Answer 364

A

Pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle.

Answer 365

A

Slanted or at an angle

Answer 366

A

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

Answer 367

A

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

Answer 368

A

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

Answer 369

A

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 370

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

Answer 371

A

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

Answer 372

A

The act of rotating the armor the leg so the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward.

Answer 373

A

Paralysis of all four extremities.

Answer 374

A

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

Answer 375

A

A painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).

Answer 376

A

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; aka hiccups

Answer 377

A

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 378

A

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee or wrist which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

Answer 379

A

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Answer 380

A

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

Answer 381

A

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Answer 382

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

Answer 383

A

A surgical incision into a tendon.

Answer 384

A

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.

Answer 385

A

In a crosswise direction.

Answer 386

A

The long, slender cells that make up muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that are bound together by connective tissue.

Answer 387

A

Band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles. Plural is fasciae or fascias.

Answer 388

A

Narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attached a muscle to a bone.

Answer 389

A

Attached muscles to the bottom of the patella (kneecap).

Answer 390

A

Attaches the gastrocnemius muscle (the major muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone.

Answer 391

A

Sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling a flattened tendon that connects muscles together or to a bone. Plies is aponeuroses.

Answer 392

A

Stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

Answer 393

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle.

Answer 394

A

Refers to working in opposition to each other. One relaxes and the other contracts.

Answer 395

A

Tightening of a muscle

Answer 396

A

Muscle returns to original form.

Answer 397

A

Increases the angle of the elbow and moves hand away from the body.

Answer 398

A

Decreases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand toward the body.

Answer 399

A

A circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint.

Answer 400

A

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Answer 401

A

Bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Answer 402

A

Bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Answer 403

A

An imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body / rotation turns a bone on its own axis.

Answer 404

A

The group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint.

Answer 405

A

Near the surface

Answer 406

A

Helps bend the neck and rotate the head.

Answer 407

A

Inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process (just behind the ear).

Answer 408

A

Thick fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall.

Answer 409

A

Relating to the chest

Answer 410

A

Toward the side

Answer 411

A

Large muscle toward the outer side of the leg.

Answer 412

A

Latin word for huge

Answer 413

A

Toward the midline.

Answer 414

A

Slanted or at an angle

Answer 415

A

In straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

Answer 416

A

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 417

A

Aka biceps, is formed of two divisions.

Answer 418

A

Aka triceps / formed from 3 divisions.

Answer 419

A

The largest muscle of the buttock.

Answer 420

A

Located on the shoulder and shaped like an inverted triangle.

Answer 421

A

The muscles by which a butcher hangs a pig / consists of three separate muscles: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semi membranous muscles.

Answer 422

A

Muscle in the forehead that raises and lowers the eyebrows.

Answer 423

A

Moved the lower jaw up back to close the mouth.

Answer 424

A

One of the strongest in the body, moved the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing.

Answer 425

A

In male it makes up the bulk of the chest muscles / in female it lies under the breast.

Answer 426

A

Found in the abdomen / external muscles rotate and flex the vertebral column, they also flex the torso and compress the abdomen / the internal muscles flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe and rotate the spine.

Answer 427

A

Helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.

Answer 428

A

Located on the side of the abdomen / this core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs.

Answer 429

A

Forms muscular cap of the shoulder.

Answer 430

A

Moved the head and shoulder blade.

Answer 431

A

Extends the leg at the knee.

Answer 432

A

Made up of 4 muscles, including the Vastus lateralis and Vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee.

Answer 433

A

The calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward.

Answer 434

A

A specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 435

A

A physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function.

Answer 436

A

Helps enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, eduction, work or social interaction.

Answer 437

A

Physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 438

A

Restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.

Answer 439

A

Provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

Answer 440

A

Specializes in treating sports-related injuries of the bones, joints, and muscles.

Answer 441

A

Inflammation of a fascia

Answer 442

A

Debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms.

Answer 443

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Answer 444

A

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint. Aka tendonitis or tenonitis.

Answer 445

A

Disorder of unknown cause / debilitating and complex characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and made worse by physical and mental activity. Symptoms are similar to fibromyalgia / aka myalgic encephalomyelitis

Answer 446

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structured together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery.

Answer 447

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

Answer 448

A

Tenderness or pain in muscles.

Answer 449

A

Herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

Answer 450

A

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

Answer 451

A

The rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Answer 452

A

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body. The affected muscles are typically closest to the trunk of the body.

Answer 453

A

Death of muscle fibers, which releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications including renal failure.

Answer 454

A

Grave or serious

Answer 455

A

Most common form in children / mostly young boys and progresses rapidly

Answer 456

A

Very similar to duchenne but less severe

Answer 457

A

Compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment” (an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. Can be caused by trauma, tight bandage or casts, or repetitive activities such as running.

Answer 458

A

Overuse tendonitis aka overuse tendinitis, stress fracture

Answer 459

A

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body. Caused by muscle being contracted repetitively, and is characterized by trigger points producing local muscle pain.

Answer 460

A

Pain that originates in one area of the body but is felt in another.

Answer 461

A

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. Common symptom is discomfort when raising arm above head.

Answer 462

A

Inflammation of the tendons is the rotator cuff. Aka tennis shoulder or pitchers shoulder.

Answer 463

A

Offers when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues.

Answer 464

A

Occurs when the tendons that pass the of the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen. This is in the wrist.

Answer 465

A

Pertaining to the wrist

Answer 466

A

Harmless fluid filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

Answer 467

A

Injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Usually associated with overuse that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.

Answer 468

A

Can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee. Characterized by a suddden and severe pain in the back of the thigh.

Answer 469

A

Overuse injury / IT band runs from the hipbone diagonally across the leg to the tibia. ITBS is caused by this band rubbing against bone often in the area of the knee.

Answer 470

A

The type of paralysis caused by this type of injury is determined by the level of the vertebra closest to the injury. The higher in the spinal cord the injury occurs the greater the area of the body that may be affected / injury occurs when a vertebra is broken and a piece of the broken bone is pressing into the spinal cord / when spinal cord is injured the ability of the brain to communicate with the body below the level of injury may be reduced or lost altogether.

Answer 471

A

Tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon / a reflex is an involuntary response to a stimulus /

Answer 472

A

Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength . Used to increase flexibility, strength, and mobility.

Answer 473

A

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination. A biopsy needle is commonly used to obtain this specimen.

Answer 474

A

Pain or tenderness in the muscles.

Answer 475

A

Any sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.

Answer 476

A

A painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause / Charley horse is slang for cramp.

Answer 477

A

Aka anticholinergic / administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder (atropine is an example antispasmodic)

Answer 478

A

Administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by sprains, strains, or other muscle injuries. These meds act on the central nervous system and may have a negative interaction with alcohol and some antidepressants.

Answer 479

A

Aka neuromuscular blocking agent / a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles. These are used as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery to cause skeletal muscles to relax.

Answer 480

A

The study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

Answer 481

A

Specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, Myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (tmj) disorders and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 482

A

Activities to promote recovery and rehabilitation to assist patients in performing the activities of daily living (ADL) which include grooming, eating and dressing.

Answer 483

A

Treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques.

Answer 484

A

High frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue / this heat eases pain, reduces muscle spasms and accelerated healing by increasing the flow of blood into the target tissues.

Answer 485

A

A device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which cause change in muscles.

Answer 486

A

Most common first air treatment of muscular injuries (rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Answer 487

A

A surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Answer 488

A

Surgical repair of a fascia

Answer 489

A

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Answer 490

A

Release of a tendon from adhesions

Answer 491

A

Surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

Answer 492

A

Surgical incision into a tendon.

Answer 493

A

Used to treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound-guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing within the tendon. PNT can be used in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma therapy, in which some of the patients blood is injected into the scar tissue to promote increased blood flow and healing.

Answer 494

A

Bone breaks in an area that is weakened by disease, such as osteoporosis, some cancers infection and some inherited bone disorders.

Answer 495

A

Common among athletes, this is a small crack in a bone cause by overuse and repetitive activity.

Answer 496

A

The broken bone doesn’t break the skin.

Answer 497

A

The ends of the broken bone tear through the skin, putting the patient at higher risk of infection.

Answer 498

A

Severe muscle pain

Answer 499

A

Surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligaments

Answer 500

A

Blood vessels

Answer 501

A

Capillaries

Answer 502

A

Located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs and the size of a fist. Receives blood from veins and pumps blood into the arteries.

Answer 503

A

Transport blood to and from all areas of the body

Answer 504

A

Transports blood away from the heart to all parts of the body

Answer 505

A

Permit the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and the cells

Answer 506

A

Return blood from all body parts to the heart

Answer 507

A

Brings oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away waste

Answer 508

A

Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.

Answer 509

A

Lower tip of the heart

Answer 510

A

Aka pericardial sac, is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. Parietal pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Pericardial fluid is found between these two layers where it acts as lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats. Visceral pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart. When referred road the outer layer of the heart it is known as the epicardium.

Answer 511

A

Made up of 3 layers: the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. The epicardium is external layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium. Myocardium is the middle and thickest layer of the heart - aka myocardial muscle - which maintains the constant contraction and relaxation that creates the pumping of the blood throughout the body. Endocardium, consists of epithelial tissue, and is the inner lining of the heart. Comes in direct contact with the blood.

Answer 512

A

Supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium (veins remove waste products from the myocardium).

Answer 513

A

4 chambers: atria are the two upper chambers and ventricles are the two lower. The upper are divided by the interstitial septum (wall). Atria receive the blood. The ventricles are divided by the interventricular septum. Ventricle walls are thicker than atria because they pump blood through the entire body. Ventricle is also defined as a normal hollow chamber of the brain.

Answer 514

A

4 valves. Is any are not working correctly blood cannot flow properly through the heart or be pumped effectively through all parts of the body. Tricuspid valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle. The term tricuspid means having three cusps (points). Pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. This valve is shaped like a half-moon. Mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. Aka bicuspid valve because it has two cusps (points). Aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta. Half-moon shape.

Answer 515

A

Pertaining to the lungs

Answer 516

A

Half moon

Answer 517

A

Shaped liked a bishops mitre (hat).

Answer 518

A

Right atrium received oxygen poor blood from all tissues (except the lungs) through the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood flows out of the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the oxygen poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve and into the pulmonary artery, which then carries it to the lungs. The left atrium receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the 4 pulmonary veins. The blood flows out of the left atrium through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the left atrium. Blood flows out of the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body, except the lungs. Oxygen poor blood is returned by the venae cavae to the right atrium and the cycle continues.

Answer 519

A

The flow of blood only between the heart and lungs. The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs. This is the only place where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins. In the lungs. Carbon dioxide from the body is exchanged for oxygen from the inhaled air. The pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. This is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood. Systemic circulation includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs. Oxygenated blood flows out of left ventricle and into arterial circulation. The veins carry deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. Then blood flows into the pulmonary circulation before being pumped out of the heart into the arteries again.

Answer 520

A

The ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body; the contraction and relaxation (beating) of the heart must occur in exactly the correct sequence. This is determined by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart. Aka the conduction system, these impulses are controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV), and the bundle of His.

Answer 521

A

Aka SA node, located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava. Establishes the basic rhythm and rate of heartbeat. Aka natural pacemaker. Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave of muscle contraction in the heart. The impulse in the right atrium spreads over the muscles of both atria, causing them to contract simultaneously. This contraction forces the blood in to the ventricles.

Answer 522

A

Impulses from the SA node also travel to the AV node. The AV node is located on the floor of the right atrium near the interstitial septum. From here, it transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His.

Answer 523

A

A group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. These fibers carry an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions. These electrical impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricle and the Purkinje fibers. The Purkinje fibers are specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. These fibers, named for Jan Purkinje, relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, and it is this stimulation that causes the ventricles to contract. The contraction of the ventricles forces blood out of the heart and into the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Answer 524

A

The electrical conduction system of the heart can be visualized as wave movements on a monitor as an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). The term sinus rhythm refers to the normal beating of the heart. The P wave is due to the stimulation (contraction) of the stria. The QRS complex shows the stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles. The atria relax as the ventricles contract. The T wave is the recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles.

Answer 525

A

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

Answer 526

A

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body. Walls of arteries composed of 3 layers making the arteries muscular and elastic so they can expand and contract with the pumping beat of the heart. Arterial blood is bright red in color because it is oxygen rich. The pumping action of the heart causes blood to spurt out when an artery is cut. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body. It begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system. The carotid arteries are the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head. Common carotid artery is located on each side of the neck. It divides into the internal carotid artery which brings oxygen rich blood to the brain. The external carotid artery brings blood to the face. Any disruption of the blood flow can result in a stroke or other brain damage. The arteries are the smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries. As it enters one end of the capillary bed, it is here that the rate of flow of arterial blood slows.

Answer 527

A

One epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessel in the body. They deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of tissues. The capillaries further slow the flow of blood to allow plasma to flow into the tissues. It’s here that the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste materials occur within the surrounding cells. After leaving the cells, 90% of this fluid, which is now oxygen poor and contains some waste products, enter the opposite end of the capillary bed through the venules. The 10% of this fluid that is left behind in the tissues becomes lymph.

Answer 528

A

Low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart. Contain valves to prevent backward flow of blood. Venules are the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins. The walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than those of the arteries. The venous blood continues its flow at an increased speed as it continues its return journey to the heart. Veins have valves that enable blood to flow only toward the heart and to prevent it from flowing away from the heart. Superficial veins are located near the body surface. Deep veins are located within the tissues and away from the body surface.

Answer 529

A

The two largest veins in the body. These veins return blood into the heart. The superior vena cava transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart. The inferior vena cava transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart.

Answer 530

A

The rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart.

Answer 531

A

Measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries. Systolic pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against the walls of an artery. Diastolic pressure, which occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery.

Answer 532

A

Contraction of the heart

Answer 533

A

Relaxation of the heart

Answer 534

A

The fluid tissue in the body. Composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements. Included erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and leukocytes.

Answer 535

A

Straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products. 91% water / remaining 9% consists of mainly proteins, including the clotting proteins. Serum is plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed. Fibrinogen prothrombin are the clotting proteins found in plasma.

Answer 536

A

Aka white blood cells (WBC), are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

Answer 537

A

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes

Neutrophils, formed in red bone marrow, are the most common type of wbc. Through phagocytosis, neutrophils play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Phagocytosis is the process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them. Basophils, also formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of wbc. Basophils are responsible for causing symptoms of allergies. Eosinophils are formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. These cells destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions. Lymphocytes are formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Lymphocytes identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or virus) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them. Monocytes are formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Through phagocytosis, monocytes provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.

Answer 538

A

Aka platelets, are the smallest formed elements in the blood. They play an important role in clotting the blood. When a blood vessel is damaged, the thrombocytes are activated and become sticky. This action causes the thrombocytes to clump together to form a clot to stop the bleeding.

Answer 539

A

Classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens. An antigen is any substance that the body regards as being foreign. Typical blood types are listed as type followed by Rh factor (A-, O+). The four major blood types are A, AB, B, and O. A or B groups are based on A, AB, B antigens being present while O both are absent.

Answer 540

A

Defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. The Rh factor was named so because this antigen was first found in rhesus monkeys. About 85% of Americans have the Rh antigen and these individuals are described as being Rh+. The remaining 15% don’t and are Rh-. The Rh factor is an important consideration in cross matching blood for transfusions. The Rh factor can cause difficulties when a Rh+ infant is born to an Rh- mother.

Answer 541

A

Gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood. The major blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Answer 542

A

Cardiologist, hematologist, and vascular surgeon. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart. A hematologist… blood and blood-forming tissues. Vascular surgeon… blood vessels.

Answer 543

A

Aka coronary heart disease (chd) and ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle. This creates an insufficient supply of oxygen that can cause angina (pain), a myocardial infarction (heart attack), or death. CAD is the most common type of heart disease. End-stage coronary artery disease is characterized by unrelenting angina pain and a severely limited lifestyle.

Answer 544

A

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries. This type of plaque, found within the lumen of an artery, is a fatty deposit similar to the buildup of rust inside a pipe. The lumen is the opening within these vessels through which the blood flows. The plaque can protrude outward into the limen from the wall of the blood vessel or protrude inward into the wall of the vessel. An atheroma, which is characteristic of atherosclerosis, is a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall.

Answer 545

A

Plaque or fatty substance

Answer 546

A

A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

Answer 547

A

To hold back

Answer 548

A

Aka angina pectoris… a condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. These episodes are due to ischemia of the heart muscle and often progressively worsen as the blood flow continues to be compromised until a myocardial infarction occurs. Stable angina occurs during exertion (exercise) and resolves with rest. Unstable angina may occur either during exertion or rest and is a precursor to a myocardial infarction.

Answer 549

A

Aka Heart attack… the blockage/occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup. The term infarction means a sudden insufficiency of blood. An infarct is a localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood. Tissue death is known as necrosis, Greek for death. This damage to the myocardium impairs the hearts ability to pump blood throughout the body. Symptoms of myocardial infarction include pain or pressure in the middle of the chest that may spread to the back, jaw, or left arm. Many individuals having a heart attack have no symptoms at all. Women are more likely to have atypical symptoms including weakness and fatigue.

Answer 550

A

Aka congestive heart failure (CHF). Occurs mostly Olin elderly, often after the heart has been weakened or damaged by other health issues. In this chronic condition the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood that it receives. The decreased pumping action causes congestion (fluid buildup). Left-sided heart failure causes pulmonary edema. This happens because the left side of the heart, which is the main pumping chamber, is unable to pump oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. The increase in pressure in the veins of the lungs results in localized fluid accumulation. Right-sided heart failure, often the result of left-sided heart failure, causes fluid buildup throughout the rest of the body. This occurs because the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood throughout the rest of the body. Due to the pressure of gravity, this edema, or swelling, is first noticeable in the feet and legs. As the swelling worsens, it can also affect the live, gi tract, or the arms. Cardiomegaly is the abnormal enlargement of the heart that is frequently associated with heart failure as the heart enlarged in an effort to compensate for its decreased pumping ability.

Answer 551

A

Inflammation of the heart. Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. Bacterial carditis is an inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream. One cause can be dental surgery because it can allow bacteria to enter the blood stream. Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium. This inflammation causes an accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac, and this excess fluid restricts the movement of the heart, reducing the ability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium (heart muscle) that develops as a rarely seen complication of a viral infection.

Answer 552

A

Term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become enlarged and to pump less strongly. The progression of this condition is usually slow and only presents with symptoms when quite advanced. Dilated means the expansion of a hollow structure.

Answer 553

A

Heart murmur is an abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neighboring large blood vessel. Heart murmurs are most often caused by defective heart valves, but they do not usually require surgery unless they affect the patient’s quality of life. Valvulitis is an inflammation of a heart valve. Valvular prolapse is the abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely. Prolapse means the falling down or dropping down of an organ or internal part. This condition is named for the affected valve, such as a mitral valve prolapse. Valvular stenosis is a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening l, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart. These conditions are named for the affected valve, such as aortic stenosis.

Answer 554

A

Contraction

Answer 555

A

The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. This can be a minor, temporary episode, or it can be a fatal event. The severity of this episode depends on how much the heart’s ability to pump blood is compromised. Rather than being an abnormality in the heart muscle, arrhythmias are usually caused by an abnormality in the electrical conduction system of the heart.

Answer 556

A

Aka flatline is the complete lack of electrical activity in the heart. The resulting lack of heart contractions, with no blood pumping from the heart and no blood flow through the body is one of the conditions required for a medical practitioner to certify death.

Answer 557

A

Contraction

Answer 558

A

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

Answer 559

A

Results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes.

Answer 560

A

A congenital or acquired arrhythmia caused by the electrical signal moving through the heart being partially or completely blocked from reaching the ventricles.

Answer 561

A

An abnormally slow resting heart rate (usually applied to a heartbeat of less than 60 bpm). This condition can occur when the passage of electricity from top to bottom of the heart is partially or totally blocked.

Answer 562

A

An abnormally rapid resting heartbeat (usually applied to a heartbeat greater than 100 bpm).

Answer 563

A

Aka paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate at or above the atrioventricular node.

Answer 564

A

Aka v-tach. A very rapid heartbeat that begins with the ventricles. Potentially fatal because heart is beating so rapidly it is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body.

Answer 565

A

Describes a potentially life-threatening fast and irregular heartbeat, compared to the fast but regular rhythm of tachycardia. The addition of atrial or ventricle identified which chambers are affected. Atrial (aka a-fib) most common and occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall. Causes quivering action of the atria. Ventricular (v-fib) consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles… heart muscles quiver in effectively. The cause of many sudden cardiac deaths. Palpitation is a pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm. This condition of associated with certain heart disorders however it can also occur during a panic attack.

Answer 566

A

Inflammation of a blood vessel. Several types of vasculitis including phlebitis (veins) and arthritis or angiitis (arteries).

Answer 567

A

Inflammation of a blood vessel. Several types of vasculitis including phlebitis (veins) and arthritis or angiitis (arteries).

Answer 568

A

A form of vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time. A rare but serious blood disease that occurs when certain immune cells attack the affected arteries.

Answer 569

A

Aka giant cell arthritis. A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms. Has a presence of abnormally large cells. Can cause unilateral or bilateral blindness and more rarely, a stroke.

Answer 570

A

The abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

Answer 571

A

A benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

Answer 572

A

A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part. Perfusion is the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ.

Answer 573

A

Localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery. Rupture of an aneurysm can be fatal.

Answer 574

A

The abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries.

Answer 575

A

Aka venous insufficiency. A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves. Can cause discolaration of the skin and primarily affects the feet and ankles.

Answer 576

A

Aka thrombophlebitis. Inflammation of a vein.

Answer 577

A

Abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs. This condition occurs when the valves in these veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins, causing them to enlarge.

Answer 578

A

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus (clot) attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein.

Answer 579

A

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus (clot).

Answer 580

A

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus (clot) blocking a coronary artery.

Answer 581

A

Aka deep venous thrombosis. The condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein. Sometimes happen when patient is in bed for an extended time or someone who has remained seated in an airplane for too long. The danger is the thrombus (clot) will break off and travel to the lungs.

Answer 582

A

Foreign object circulating in the blood, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor.

Answer 583

A

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

Answer 584

A

Something inserted

Answer 585

A

Disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart or brain. These conditions usually involve narrowing of the vessels that carry blood to the legs, arms, stomach or kidneys.

Answer 586

A

Aka peripheral arterial occlusive disease / an example of a peripheral vascular disease that is caused by artherosclerosis. Common and serious problem affecting more than 20% of people age 70 and older. Impaired circulation in extremities can cause changes in the skin color and temperature. One method of determining is to compare blood pressure at the ankle with blood pressure at the arm using the ankle-brachial index. PAD is also involved with intermittent claudication.

Answer 587

A

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress. The symptoms, which are due to constricted circulation, include paleness, blue color, and redness of fingers and toes.

Answer 588

A

Blood dyscrasia is any pathological condition of the cellular elements of the blood. Hemochromatosis, aka iron overload disease, is a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron… it enters the blood stream and accumulates in organs. Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood. Aka low white blood cell count. Polycythemia is an abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to the excess production of these cells by the bone marrow. Sepsis, aka septicemia, is a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream. Sometimes referred to as blood poisoning. Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood. Sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding. Thrombocytes is an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood. A hemorrhage is the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time. A transfusion reaction is a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood don’t match.

Answer 589

A

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body. It aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D. Some cholesterol comes from dietary sources and some is created by the liver. Excessively high levels of some types of cholesterol can lead to heart disease. Hyperlipidemis is the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances in the blood.

Answer 590

A

Type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs and circulating in the blood. Types of leukemia are named for how quickly they progress and the type of white blood cells involved. The four most common types of leukemia are acute or chronic myeloid leukemia and acute or chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of the bone marrow.

Answer 591

A

Anemia is the lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes in the blood causing fatigue and shortness of breath. The severity of this condition is usually measured by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When inadequate hemoglobin is present, all parts of the body receive less oxygen and have less energy than is needed to function properly. Aplastic anemia is characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow. Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia. This deficiency can be caused by blood loss, poor absorption of iron, or inadequate dietary intake of iron. Megaloblastic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal. Usually results in a deficiency of vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract. This vitamin is necessary in the formation of red blood cells. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen. Most common are sickle cell (genetic causing abnormal hemoglobin with red blood cells in the sickle shape) and thalassemia (inherited blood disorder that causes mild to severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal).

Answer 592

A

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart. It is used to perform angiography and during treatment.

Answer 593

A

Angiography, cardiac catheterization, digital subtraction angiography, duplex ultrasound, venography (aka phlebography.

Answer 594

A

Uses angiography with computer assistance to clarify the view of the area of interest in the cardiovascular system by subtracting the soft tissue and bones from images.

Answer 595

A

A diagnostic procedure to image the structure of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through the vessels. This is a combination of diagnostic ultrasound to show the structure of the blood vessels and Doppler ultrasound to show the movement of the red blood cells through these vessels.

Answer 596

A

Aka phlebography is a radiographic test that provides an image of specific veins after a contrast dye is injected. The resulting film is a venogram. This is a very accurate test for detecting deep veins thrombosis.

Answer 597

A

The noninvasive process of recording the electrical activity of the myocardium. A noninvasive procedure does not require the insertion of an instrument through the body opening for diagnosis or treatment.

Answer 598

A

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium.

Answer 599

A

A portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24- or 48- hour period.

Answer 600

A

Performed to asses cardiovascular health and function during and after stress. Involves measuring with an electrocardiograph while the patient exercises on a treadmill.

Answer 601

A

Performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise while injecting a small amount of thallium into the bloodstream.

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Medical Terms Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM