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Medical Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abdominocentesis

A

The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes

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2
Q

Acronym

A

A word formed from the initial letters of the major parts of a compound term

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3
Q

Acute

A

A condition that has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration

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4
Q

Angiography

A

The process of producing a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make the blood vessels visible.

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5
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

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6
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

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7
Q

Arthralgia

A

Pain in a joint or joints

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8
Q

Colostomy

A

The surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

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9
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

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10
Q

Dermatologist

A

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

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11
Q

Diagnosis

A

The identification of a disease

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12
Q

Diarrhea

A

The frequent flow of loose or watery stools

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13
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

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14
Q

Endarterial

A

Pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

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15
Q

Eponym

A

A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first

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16
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A mature red blood cell

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17
Q

Fissure

A

A groove or cracklike sore of the skin; also a normal fold in the contours of the brain

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18
Q

Fistula

A

An abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body

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19
Q

Gastralgia

A

Pain in the stomach

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20
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach

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21
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

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22
Q

Gastrosis

A

Any abnormal condition or disease of the stomach

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23
Q

Hemorrhage

A

The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

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24
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

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25
Q

Hypertension

A

Higher-than-normal blood pressure

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26
Q

Hypotension

A

Lower-than-normal blood pressure

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27
Q

Infection

A

Invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism

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28
Q

Inflammation

A

A localized response to an injury or destruction of tissues that is characterized by heat, redness, swelling and pain

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29
Q

Interstitial

A

Between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

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30
Q

Intramuscular

A

Within the muscle

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31
Q

Laceration

A

A torn, jagged wound or an accidental cut wound

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32
Q

Lesion

A

A pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

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33
Q

Malaise

A

A feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

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34
Q

Mycosis

A

Any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

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35
Q

Myelopathy

A

Any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord

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36
Q

Myopathy

A

Any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue

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37
Q

Myorrhexis

A

The rupture of a muscle

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38
Q

Natal

A

Pertaining to birth

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39
Q

Neonatology

A

Study of disorders of a newborn

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40
Q

Neurorrhaphy

A

Suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

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41
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

Study of the ears, nose and theoat

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42
Q

Palpation

A

An examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

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43
Q

Palpitation

A

A pounding or racing heart

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44
Q

Pathology

A

The study of all aspects of diseases

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45
Q

Phalanges

A

The bones of the fingers and toes

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46
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

A viral infection of the gray nerve tissue of the spinal cord

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47
Q

Prognosis

A

A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease

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48
Q

Pyoderma

A

Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

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49
Q

Pyrosis

A

Discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus

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50
Q

Remission

A

The temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure

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51
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence of disease, such as a fever

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52
Q

Supination

A

The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward

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53
Q

Suppuration

A

The formation or discharge of pus

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54
Q

Supracostal

A

Above or outside the ribs

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55
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache

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56
Q

Syndrome

A

A set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

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57
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of the tonsils

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58
Q

Trauma

A

Wound or injury

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59
Q

Triage

A

Medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment

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60
Q

Viral

A

Pertaining to a virus

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61
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The body cavity that contains the major organs of digestion

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62
Q

Adenectomy

A

The surgical removal of a gland

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63
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumor that originated in glandular tissue

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64
Q

Adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue

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65
Q

Adenomalacia

A

Abnormal softening of a gland

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66
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of a gland

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67
Q

Anaplasia

A

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

68
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structures of the body

69
Q

Anomaly

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

70
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in front

71
Q

Aplasia

A

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

72
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids contaminated with blood

73
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the lower part of the body

74
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

75
Q

Chromosome

A

A genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

76
Q

Communicable disease

A

Any disease transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects

77
Q

Congenital disorder

A

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

78
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The material located within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

79
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

80
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body or organ

81
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

82
Q

Endemic

A

Referring to the ongoing presence of a disease, such as the common cold, within a population, group, or area

83
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

84
Q

Epidemic

A

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area

85
Q

Epigastric region

A

The region located above the stomach

86
Q

Etiology

A

The study of the causes of diseases

87
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete chemical substances into ducts leading either to other organs or out of the body

88
Q

Functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified

89
Q

Genetic disorder

A

A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

90
Q

Geriatrician

A

A physician who specializes in the care of older people

91
Q

Hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing

92
Q

Histology

A

The microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

93
Q

Homeostasis

A

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

94
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues

95
Q

Hypertrophy

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of the cells in the tissues

96
Q

Hypogastric region

A

The region of the abdomen that is below the stomach

97
Q

Hypoplasia

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

98
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

99
Q

Idiopathic disorder

A

An illness without known cause

100
Q

Infectious disease

A

Illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

101
Q

inguinal

A

Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower portion of the abdomen including the groin

102
Q

Medial

A

The direction toward or nearer the midline

103
Q

Messentery

A

The fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attached parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

104
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

The vertical plane that divides the body, from top to bottom, into equal left and right halves

105
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

106
Q

Pandemic

A

A disease outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide

107
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The space formed by the hip bones that contains the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

108
Q

Peritoneum

A

The multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place with the abdominal cavity

109
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

110
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing

111
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of the body structures

112
Q

Posterior

A

Situated in the back or on the back part of an organ

113
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

114
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum

115
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods of time through cell division

116
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

The cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and the lungs also known as the chest cavity

117
Q

Transverse plane

A

The horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

118
Q

Umbilicus

A

The pit in the center of the abdominal wall that marks where the umbilical cord was attached before birth

119
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

The spread of a disease due to the bite of a vector capable of transmitting that disease

120
Q

Ventral

A

Refers to the front or belly side of the body or organ

121
Q

Cranial

A

Pertaining to the skull

122
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

123
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Pertaining to the abdominal and pelvic cavities as a single unit

124
Q

Inguinal

A

Refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen, including the groin, which is the crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh.

125
Q

Left and right hypochondriac regions

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region below the ribs. Also an individual with an abnormal concern for his or her health.

126
Q

Epigastric region

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located above the stomach

127
Q

Right and left lumbar regions

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region located near the inward curve of the spine. Part of the ribs between the ribs and pelvis.

128
Q

Umbilical region

A

Part of the thorqx/abdomen region that Surrounds the umbilicus, which is commonly known as the belly button or navel. This pit in the center of the abdominal wall marks the point where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

129
Q

Left and right iliac regions

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located near the hip bones

130
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Part of the thorax/abdomen region Located below the stomach

131
Q

Peritoneum

A

A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

132
Q

Membrane

A

A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ.

133
Q

Mesentery

A

A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall.

134
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

The inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity.

135
Q

Visceral

A

Relating to internal organs.

136
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

137
Q

Cytology

A

The study of the anatomy

138
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the causes of diseases

139
Q

Endemic

A

Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group or area.

140
Q

Organic disorder

A

Produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body. (IE chicken pox which has a rash is an organic disorder by a virus)

141
Q

Atresia

A

The congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubal.

142
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

143
Q

Bones

A

Living tissue made up of mostly collagens d calcium which can grow and repair itself. Collagen is a protein providing the framework and calcium is a mineral that adds strength and hardness. The combo of both make bones flexible and strong enough to withstand stress.

144
Q

Joint

A

The point at which two or more bones are connected.

145
Q

Cartilage

A

Lining that beeps bones from grinding against each other. Softer than bones and found in many other body parts such as rib cage, external ear, tip of nose and intervertebral disks.

146
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong, elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones.

147
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid-filled sac that cushions areas subject to friction, such as the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints.

148
Q

Skull

A

Bones of skull dividend into 2 groups… cranium and face. The 8 bones that form the cranium protect the brain. There are 14 bones that form the face. The auditory ossicles are 3 tiny bones located in each middle ear.

149
Q

Rib cage

A

Protects the heart and lungs. Consists of 25 ribs, sternum (breastbone), and 12 thoracic vertebrae of the spinal column.

150
Q

Spinal column

A

Aka as the vertebrae column, the spinal column supports the head and body and protects the spinal cord. The bony structures of the spinal column are called vertebrae. There are 26 vertebrae - 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, and 1 coccyx. The intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers that separate and cushion them from each other.

151
Q

Bones of the upper limb

A

Bones of the arms, forearms, wrists, hands and fingers.

152
Q

Shoulder girdle

A

Aka pectoral girdle, is a set of bones which connects to the arms on each side. These bones are highly mobile to enhance the range of upper limb movements.

153
Q

Bones of the lower limb

A

Bones of the hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet and toes.

154
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

A largely immobile bony, weight-bearing structure that provides a strong foundation for the upper body as it rests on top of the mobile lower limbs.

155
Q

Femur

A

Largest bone in body

156
Q

Mandible

A

Aka jawbone

157
Q

Coccyx

A

Aka tailbone

158
Q

Carpals

A

Bones that form the wrist

159
Q

Costals

A

Aka ribs

160
Q

Muscle

A

A band of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract. Contraction is stimulated by nerve impulses and triggers the movement of the muscle. When the impulse is removed the muscle relaxes back to its natural state. This pattern of contraction and relaxation is responsible for all the movements in the body. The 3 types of muscles are skeletal, smooth, and myocardial.

161
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Attached to the bones and help limbs and other body parts move. These muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. They are also known as striated muscles because, under a microscope, the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance. Striated means striped.

162
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Make up the walls of the hollow organs (intestines, stomach, urinary bladder, uterus), blood vessels, and internal muscles of the eye. These muscles are under involuntary control, which means they are not consciously directed. Smooth muscles do not have striations.

163
Q

Myocardial

A

Aka cardiac muscles, make up the wall of the heart and are responsible for the forceful contractions of the heart. The action of these muscles is involuntary.

164
Q

Fascia

A

Densely woven sheath of connective tissue that supports muscles, bones, nerves, arteries and veins, and surrounds virtually every organ of the human body, including the heart, lungs, brain and spinal cord. One continuous structure from head to toe. It’s also mostly collagen so it’s very flexible.

165
Q

Tendons

A

Tough cords of tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones. Tendons and muscles work together and exert a pulling force to move the bone. The largest tendon on the human body is the Achille’s tendon, which attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone.

Medical Billing and Coding (5 decks)

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