Lesson Learning Objectives Flashcards
Ch 6 - Describe the major functions and structures of the lymphatic and immune systems
Lymphatic - absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins through the lacteals of the small intestine; remove waste products from the tissues and cooperate with the immune system in destroying invading pathogens; and return filtered lymph to the veins at the base of the neck.
Immune - maintain good health and to protect the body from harmful substances.
Ch 6 - identify the medical specialists who treat disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems.
Allergist, immunologist, lymphologist, oncologist.
Ch 6 - Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to the structures, functions, pathology, and diagnostic and treatment procedures of the lymphatic and immune systems.
Lymphatic - lymphadenitis (aka swollen glands), lymphagioma, ruptured spleen, splenomegaly, tonsillitis.
Lymphoscintigraphy is a diagnostic test to detect damage to lymphatic vessels.
Lymphedema is swelling of tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid. A bioimpedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive method of diagnosing lymphedema. It measures the resistance to an electrical current passed through to the affected limb.
The effectiveness of the immune system depends on a persons general health, age, and hereditary. Allergic reaction. localized allergic reaction aka cellular response, anaphylaxis aka systemic reaction, is a severe response to an allergen. Can perform scratch test to allergens. Sometimes blood test. Antihistimes are administered to relieve or prevent hay fever (histamine). Autoimmune disorder/disease is any large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues. Examples are rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, chroma disease, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, and Graves’ disease. Immunodeficiency disorders (compromised immune system) - HIV, AIDS, Kaposi’s sarcoma, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Treatments for immune system - immunotherapy, antibody therapy, immunosuppression (corticosteroid drug, cytotoxic drug)
Ch 6 - Recognize, define, spell, and pronounce the primary terms related to oncology.
Tumor, neoplasm, benign tumor, myoma, malignant tumor, myosarcoma.
Cancer, metastasize, metastasis, carcinoma, sarcoma, lymphoma, breast cancer. Treatments are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy for all types of cancer.
Ch 7 - describe the major functions of the respiratory system.
Deliver air to the lungs; convey oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood for delivery to the body cells; expel the waste products (carbon dioxide and a small amount of water) returned to the lungs by the blood through exhalation; and produce the airflow through the larynx that makes speech possible.
Ch 7 - name and describe the structures of the respiratory system.
Upper respiratory tract = nose (nostrils), mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
Lower respiratory tract = bronchial tree and lungs which are located within g and protected by the thoracic cavity or thorax aka rib cage.
Ch 7 - recognize, define, spell and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the respiratory system.
COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, upper respiratory infections, rhinitis, croup, diphtheria, epistaxus, flu, pertussis aka Whoopi g cough, sinusitis, pharyngitis, phobia, dysphonia, laryngitis, tracheorrhagia, bronchitis, pleurisy, pyothorax, empyema, hemothorax, pneumothorax, ARDS, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pneumorrhagia, tuberculosis, pneumonia, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, asbestosis, silicosis, pneumoconiosis, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer.
Diagnostics include… respiratory rate, respiratory sounds, exam of bronchi, chest x-ray, laryngoscopy, peak flow meter, plus others.
Treatment with antitrust, bronchodilator, inhaler, nebulizer, controller and emergency meds, surgeries, therapies like cpap, bipap, o2.
Ch 8 - digestive system major structures and functions.
Ingestion, secretion, movement, digestion, absorption, excretion
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach = upper GI tract. Transport food from entry into the body.
small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus = lower GI tract (aka bowels). Digestion is completed and waste material is prepared for expulsion from the body.
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas = accessory organs of digestive system.
Ch 8 - describe the process of digestion, absorption and metabolism
Digestion is the process by which complex foods are broken down into nutrients in a form the body can use. Metabolism includes all the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients and consists of two parts… anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is the building up of body cells and substances from nutrients and catabolism is the breaking down of body cells or substances releasing energy and carbon dioxide. Absorption is the process by which completely digested nutrients are transported to the cells throughout the body. Blood vessels and lacteals within villi on the small intestines absorb nutrients. The blood belles absorb directly from the digestive system into the bloodstream and the lacteals, which are part of the lymphatic system absorb fats and fat soluble vitamins that cannot be transported directly by the bloodstream. Instead they absorb them and transport through lymphatic vessels. They are filtered by lymph nodes in preparation for delivery into the bloodstream.
Ch 8 - recognize, define, spell and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the digestive system.
CT scan, abdominal ultrasound, cholangiography, enema, esohogogastroduodenoscopy, upper and lower GI series, stool samples, endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, fecal blood test, cologuard. Antioxidants, probiotics and prebiotics, ppi’s, antiemetic, laxative, antacids, iv fluid, gastrectomy, nasogastric intubation, gastronomy tube, bariatric surgery - gastric bypass and lap band, gastroplasty, diverticultectomy, ileectomy, colostomy, hemorrhoidectomy, proctopexy, hepatectomy, liver transplant, choledocholithotomy, cholecystectomy.
Ch 9 - structures of the urinary system
Kidneys filter blood to remove waste products, maintain electrolyte concentrations and remove excess water to maintain fluid volume; renal pelvis collects urine produced by the kidneys; urine is liquid waste; ureters transport urine from kidneys to bladder; urinary bladder stores urine until excreted; urethra transports urine from bladder to urethral meats where it is excreted; and prostate which is a gland of the male reproductive system that surrounds the male urethra.
Ch 9 - medical specialists who treat disorders of the urinary system
Nephrologist = kidney specialist
Urologist = urinary specialist
Ch 9 - recognize, define, spell and pronounce the primary terms related to the pathology and the diagnostic and treatment procedures of the urinary system.
Renal failure, uremia, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disease, nephrotic syndrome (aka nephrosis), edema, hyperproteinuria, hyperproteinemia, minimal change disease in children, hydronephrosis, stones, nephrolithiasis, hydroureter, ureterectasis, ureterorrhagia, cystalgia, cystitis, vesicoureteral reflux, fistula, neurogenic bladder, benign prostatic hyperplasia (aka enlarged prostate), urethrorrhagia, urethrorrhea, urethra stenosis, epispadias, hypospadias, UTI, anuria, diuresis, dysuria, enuresis, nocturia, oliguria, ischuria, incontinence, overactive bladder.
Urinalysis, ultrasound, catheterization, cytoscopy, voiding cystourethrography, computer tomography, glomerular filtration rate, cystography, pyelography, urography, KUB, rectal exam, PSA blood test, diuretics, antibiotics and antispasmodics, nutritional changes.
Dialysis, hemodialysis, nephrolysis, nephrotic, nephrostomy, pyelotomy, renal transplantation, shockwave lithrotripsy, nephrolithotomy, ureterectomy, ureteroscopy, custectomy, urinary ileostomy, cystopexy, lithotomy, cysterorrhaphy, catheterization, meatotomy, urethroplasty, urethrotomy, ablation, prostatectomy, hormone therapy, kegel exercises, bladder training.
Ch 10 - nervous system and mental health
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs and receptors, eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue
Ch 10 - difference between neurons and glial cells.
Neurons are the basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other. Three types of neurons (ACE) and functions are (SAM).
Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, with 4 main functions: surround and protect neurons, supply nutrients, insulate one neuron from another and destroy and remove dead neurons.
