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NAPLEX > Medical Terms > Flashcards

Medical Terms Flashcards

Common Prefixes/Suffixes, Medical Terms

1
Q

A-

A

NOT, NO or LACK OF

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2
Q

-ALGIA

A

PAIN or SORENESS

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3
Q

BRADY-

A

SLOW

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4
Q

DYS-

A

DIFFICULT, ABNORMAL, or PAINFUL

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5
Q

-ECTOMY

A

SURGICAL REMOVAL

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6
Q

HEM-

A

BLOOD

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7
Q

HEPATO-

A

LIVER

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8
Q

HYPER-

A

HIGH, ABOVE NORMAL or EXCESSIVE

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9
Q

HYPO-

A

LOW or BELOW NORMAL

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10
Q

-ITIS

A

INFLAMMATION

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11
Q

MYO-

A

MUSCLE

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12
Q

NEPHRO

A

KIDNEY

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13
Q

OLIGO

A

TOO FEW or TOO LITTLE

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14
Q

PATHO- or -PATHY

A

DISEASE or SUFFERING

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15
Q

-PNEA

A

BREATHING

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16
Q

TACHY-

A

FAST

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17
Q

Abscess

A

a local collection of pus anywhere in the body

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18
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

a lack of granulocytes (White blood cells) produced by the bone marrow

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19
Q

Akathisia

A

An inability to stay still with constant movement (restlessness)

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20
Q

Akinesia

A

a lack of body movement

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21
Q

Alopecia

A

hair loss

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22
Q

Amenorrhea

A

the absence or cessation of menstruation

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23
Q

Amnesia, anterograde

A

a loss of memory related to events that occur AFTER a traumatic event

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24
Q

Amnesia, retrograde

A

a loss of memory related to events occurring BEFORE a traumatic event

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25
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction occurring within 30-60 minutes of an exposure.
Symptoms can include hypotension, swelling of mouth and throat, difficulty breathing (bronchospasm, wheezing), hives, abdominal pain.

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26
Q

Aneurysm

A

an abnormal ballooning or bulge in the wall of a blood vessel (e.g. an artery) that can rupture (burst)

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27
Q

Angioedema

A

subcutaneous or submucosal swelling, typically in the tissues of the face, lips, mouth and throat. Can occur in isolation or as a component of anaphylaxis

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28
Q

Anion

A

negatively charged ion (e.g. Chloride)

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29
Q

Anorexia

A

significant loss of appetite or aversion to food

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30
Q

anorgasmia

A

an inability to achieve orgasm

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31
Q

anuria

A

no urine output

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32
Q

aortic dissection

A

a tear in the wall of the aorta, which allows blood to flow between the wall layers, separating (dissecting) them

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33
Q

Aphasia

A

lack of speech

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34
Q

Alogia

A

lack of speech

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35
Q

Apoptosis

A

cell death

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36
Q

Arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart beat

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37
Q

Arthralgia

A

joint pain

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38
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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39
Q

ascites

A

fluid accumulation within the peritoneal space of the abdomen

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40
Q

asplenia

A

decreased spleen function or absence of spleen

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41
Q

asthenia

A

lack of energy and strength; weakness

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42
Q

Ataxia

A

a lack of muscle control and uncoordinated body movements

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43
Q

Atelectasis

A

a completely or partially collapsed lung with reduced lung volume

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44
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances within arterial walls, which leads to plaques and a narrowing of the arterial space

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45
Q

Attenuated

A

weakened

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46
Q

Atypical

A

unusual

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47
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to internal organs with a stethoscope

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48
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

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49
Q

avolition

A

a total lack of motivation

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50
Q

Azotemia

A

a buildup of urea, (a nitrogen waste product normally eliminated by the kidneys) in the blood

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51
Q

Uremia

A

a buildup of urea, (a nitrogen waste product normally eliminated by the kidneys) in the blood

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52
Q

Beyond Use Date

A

Expiration applied to compounded product, beyond which a product should not be used

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53
Q

Bilateral

A

both sides of body

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54
Q

Bioavailability

A

% of drug entering systemic circulation able to exert biological action

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55
Q

Blepharitis

A

eyelid inflammation

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56
Q

Bolus

A

single IV dose of medication administered all at once over a short period of time

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57
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate (<60 BPM)

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58
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slow body movements

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59
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchial tubes in lungs

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60
Q

Bulimia

A

Eating disorder of binge eating then self-induced vomiting

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61
Q

Cachexia

A

Extreme weight loss and muscle wasting due to chronic illness

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62
Q

Carbuncle

A

red inflamed cluster of furuncles (boils) with pus; can form abscess

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63
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart

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64
Q

Cataplexy

A

sudden, temporary loss of muscle control; inability to move while person is awake
Induced by strong emotions (laughing, crying, fear)

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65
Q

Cataract

A

Cloudiness covering lens of eye; caused by protein breakdown and results in blurred vision

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66
Q

Cation

A

positively charged ion

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67
Q

Cellulitis

A

skin or subcutaneous tissue infection of bacteria; redness, swelling, warmth and pain

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68
Q

Central line

A

Long catheter inserted into neck, upper line or groin vein and guided into large centra vein (SVC) to administer IV meds and fluids

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69
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident

A

blood flow to part of the brain is blocked causing brain cell death. AKA Stroke

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70
Q

Cerumen

A

ear wax

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71
Q

Chancre

A

painless ulcer; usually on genitals; associated with primary syphilis

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72
Q

Chelation

A

Ions and molecules bind to metal ions forming a non-absorbable complex

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73
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder

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74
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

reduction or blockage of bile flow

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75
Q

Cirrhosis

A

advanced, irreversible fibrosis of liver

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76
Q

Coagulopathy

A

Excessive bleeding and impaired clot formation

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77
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

inflammation of thin clear membrane covering eyeball and lines inside of eyelid

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78
Q

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

Treatment for OSA; using machine to pump air into airways; keeps the windpipe open while sleeping

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79
Q

Crystalluria

A

Presence of crystals in urine

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80
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder inflammation

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81
Q

Delirium

A

acute change in mental status - incoherrent thoughts and speech, disorientation, agitation, hallucinations, delusions and or paranoia

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82
Q

Delusion

A

false or irrational belief based on an incorrect interpretation of reality

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83
Q

Dementia

A

Memory loss and difficulty with thinking, problem solving and language that interferes with daily life

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84
Q

Desiccant

A

substance for preserving - removes moisture to keep dry

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85
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

Hyperglycemic crisis; life threatening; high blood glucose, anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketones in blood or urine

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86
Q

Dialysis

A

Removal of waste products and excess electrolytes from blood

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87
Q

Diaphoresis

A

excessive or abnormal sweating without explanation from environment or activity level

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88
Q

Diplopia

A

double vision

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89
Q

Dissection

A

tear in wall of blood vessel allowing blood to flow between the layers of the wall and separating them

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90
Q

Dyscrasia

A

disease or abnormal condition

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91
Q

Dysentery

A

infection of intestines - severe, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain

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92
Q

Dysgeusia

A

altered sense of taste

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93
Q

Dyskinesia

A

abnormal involuntary movements

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94
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Discomfort or pain during menstrual period

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95
Q

Dyspepsia

A

indigestion

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96
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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97
Q

Dysphonia

A

voice impairment (hoarseness) or difficulty speaking

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98
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing; SOB

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99
Q

Dystonia

A

involuntary movements and prolonged contractions of muscles that result in twisting body motions and abnormal body movements

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100
Q

Ectopic

A

abnormal place or position

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101
Q

Embolism

A

blood clot that travels

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102
Q

Empyema

A

collection of pus and fluid in body cavity

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103
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain

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104
Q

Encephalopathy

A

brain disease, damage or malfunction resulting in AMS

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105
Q

Endocarditis

A

inflammation of heart valves or lining of heart chambers

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106
Q

Endometriosis

A

painful condition in which tissue that normals lines the uterus has grown outside the uterus

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107
Q

Endometrium

A

uterus

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108
Q

Enteral

A

intestinal

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109
Q

Enuresis

A

involuntary urination

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110
Q

Epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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111
Q

Eructation

A

burping or belching

112
Q

Erythema

A

skin redness

113
Q

Etiology

114
Q

Euphoria

A

elevated mood; happiness

115
Q

Euthyroid

A

normal thyroid

116
Q

Exacerbation

117
Q

Excoriation

A

scraping or wearing off of skin resulting in skin abrasion

118
Q

Extravasation

A

Fluid leaks outside of a vessel into surrounding tissue

119
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

widespread pain - stiffness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, headache, emotional or mental distress

120
Q

Fibrosis

A

scarring in connective tissue

121
Q

Flatulence

A

excess gas in GI tract

122
Q

Folliculitis

A

hair follicle inflammation

123
Q

Galactorrhea

A

breast milk production in men or in women not breastfeeding

124
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation, irritation or erosion of stomach lining

125
Q

Gastroparesis

A

decreased nerve function of stomach muscles - inadequate digestion and delayed gastric emptying

126
Q

Genotype

A

genes of an individual

127
Q

Gingival bleeding

A

bleeding of gums

128
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

overgrowth of gums

129
Q

Glossitis

A

tongue inflammation

130
Q

Gynecomastia

131
Q

Hallucination

A

Distortion of reality whereby a person hears, sees or feels something that is not there

132
Q

Heimich Maneuver

A

Removing/dislodging airway obstruction
- Applied forceful abdominal thrusts in an inward and upward fashion

133
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

134
Q

Hematologic

A

blood disorders or relating to blood

135
Q

Hematoma

A

collection of blood in organ or tissue

136
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in urine

137
Q

Hemolysis

A

destruction of RBC

138
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing or spitting up blood from respiratory tract

139
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

enlarged or swollen blood vessel near anus or within rectum

140
Q

Hemostasis

A

stopping of blood flow

141
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

liver damage

142
Q

Hirsutism

A

male pattern hair growth in women

143
Q

Hot Flashes

A

Episodes of flushing with sensation of warmth or heat in upper body and face

144
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Increased bilirubin in blood; jaundice

145
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

excessive sweating

146
Q

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

A

Hyperglycemic crisis - high blood glucose, severe dehydration and confusion

147
Q

Hyperthermia

A

raised body temperature above normal

148
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

excessive hair growth

149
Q

Hypertrophy

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue due to increased cell size

150
Q

Hypohidrosis

A

reduced sweat production

151
Q

Oligohydrosis

A

reduced sweat production

152
Q

incentive Spirometer

A

mechanical device facilitating deep breathing to help keep alveoli open and promote secretion removal

153
Q

Intraarticular

A

into joint

154
Q

Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

brain bleed

155
Q

Intrathecal

A

introduced into or occurring in space between the layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord

156
Q

Ischemia

A

inadequate blood supply to organ or tissues

157
Q

Jaundice

A

yellowing of skin and sclerae (whites of eyes)

158
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increased WBC count

159
Q

Libido

A

sexual desire

160
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

swollen lymph node (glands)

161
Q

Lyophilized

A

freeze-dried

162
Q

Malaise

A

general feeling of discomfort or illness

163
Q

Malignant

A

cancer spread

164
Q

Medication Guide

A

Handout providing drug-specific information

165
Q

Melasma

A

skin pigmentation, appearing as dark spots on cheeks of face

166
Q

Menorrhagia

A

heavy menstrual bleeding

167
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

A

big toe joint

168
Q

Morbidity

A

illness or disease

169
Q

Mortality

170
Q

Mucositis

A

Inflammation or ulceration of mucous membranes of GI tract

171
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle pain

172
Q

Mydriasis

A

pupil dilation

173
Q

Myelosuppression

A

Decreased bone marrow activity - low WBC, low RBC, low platelets

174
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Heart attack

175
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of myocardium (heart muscle)

176
Q

Myoclonus

A

involuntary and abnormal muscle contraction

177
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle weakness or muscle disease

178
Q

Necrosis

A

cell or tissue death

179
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stone

180
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A

kidney toxicity or damage

181
Q

Neuropathy

A

nerve damage

182
Q

Nosocomial

A

hospital origin

183
Q

Nystagmus

A

repetitive, uncontrolled movement of eye

184
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB when lying flat

185
Q

Orthostasis

A

drop in blood pressure happening soon after standing

186
Q

Osteomalacia

A

bone softening

187
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

infection inside bone

188
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Low bone density resulting in porous/brittle bones

189
Q

Otalgia

190
Q

Otorrhea

A

drainage of liquid in ear

191
Q

Ototoxicity

A

ear damage

192
Q

Palliative Care

A

care to improve QoL and provide symptom relief in serious, life-threatening or terminal illness
NOT CURATIVE

194
Q

Pallor

A

pale skin color

195
Q

Parasomnia

A

unusual, odd or dangerous behavior during sleep

196
Q

Paresthesia

A

burning, prickling or pins and needles

197
Q

Peak level

A

highest concentration of drug in blood stream

198
Q

Pediculosis

A

lice infestation

199
Q

Pegylation

A

addition of PEG to a molecule

200
Q

Perinatal

A

time immediately before and after birth

201
Q

Peripheral Line

A

Short catheter inserted into peripheral vein of hand or lower part of arm/foot to administer IV meds and fluids

202
Q

Peripherally Inserted Central line

A

central line inserted peripherally and advanced until tip reaches a large vessel

203
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

peripheral weakness, numbness and pain from nerve damage

204
Q

Peristalsis

A

wave like movements of GI tract muscles to help digest food and push contents forward

205
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

drug on body

206
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

body on drug (ADME)

207
Q

Pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx resulting in sore throat

208
Q

Phenotype

A

observable trait that is outward expression of genotype

209
Q

Phlebitis

A

inflammation of vein

210
Q

Photosensitivity

A

oversensitivity of skin to light

211
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid between layers of pleura, the thin membranes that line the outside of the lungs

212
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection that inflames the lung(s)

213
Q

Polydipsia

A

extreme thirst

214
Q

Polyp

A

abnormal growth of tissue projecting from mucous membrane

215
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger or increased appetite

216
Q

Polyuria

A

increased urination

217
Q

Porphyria

A

Group of disorders resulting from heme production abnormalities resulting in increased intermediate chemicals (porphyrins)

218
Q

Postprandial

A

after meal

219
Q

Preeclampsia

A

serious, potentially fatal complication of pregnancy - high blood pressure, protein in urine and peripheral edema

220
Q

Preprandial

A

before meal

221
Q

Priapism

A

prolonged, painful erection of penis

222
Q

Prophylaxis

A

prevention

223
Q

Pruritis

A

itchy skin

224
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

measures oxygen saturation of blood

225
Q

Purulent

226
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

type of UTI with kidney involvement

227
Q

Pyrexia

228
Q

Rales

A

abnormal rattling or cracking of lungs

229
Q

Rhonchi

A

continuous, deep rattling sounds (like snoring) of lungs

230
Q

REMS

A

drug safety program required by FDA for meds with serious safety risks to ensure benefits outweigh risks

231
Q

Retrograde Ejaculation

A

Semen enters bladder instead of exiting through penis during ejaculation

232
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

skeletal muscle breaks down, releasing CPK, myoglobin and other muscle components into blood; can lead to kidney failure

233
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation and swelling in nose

234
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

runny nose; thin mucus nasal discharge

235
Q

Rigidity

A

stiffness, inability to bend

236
Q

Rigor

A

sudden feeling of cold with shivering accompanied by a rise in temperature

237
Q

Scabies

A

infestation of skin by itchy, contagious mite (Sarcoptes scabiei)

238
Q

Sepsis

A

life threatening immune response to infection resulting in tissue damage, organ dysfunction and death

239
Q

Septicemia

A

severe bloodstream infection aka blood poisoning aka bacteremia

240
Q

Shock

A

Medical emergency with high mortality - severe hypotension and hypoperfusion of vital organs

241
Q

Sialorrhea

A

excessive salivation or drooling

242
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of sinuses

243
Q

Somnambulism

A

sleep walking

244
Q

Somnolence

A

sleepiness or drowsiness

245
Q

Spirometry

A

Pulmonary function test measuring volume of air inhaled and exhaled and how fast

246
Q

Steatorrhea

A

excess fat in feces due to decreased intestinal fat absorption

247
Q

Steatosis

A

abnormal fat accumulation

248
Q

Stenosis

A

narrowing of body space

249
Q

SJS/TEN

A

severe systemic reaction - rash, blisters, peeling of skin and mucous membranes of mouth, airways, eyes and genitalia

250
Q

Stomatitis

A

ulceration/inflammation of mouth

251
Q

Striae

A

stretch marks

252
Q

Stricture

A

abnormal narrowing of body passage

253
Q

Subtherapeutic

A

lower than effective

254
Q

Supratherapeutic

A

higher than safe (toxic)

255
Q

Syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness caused by drop of blood pressure and blood flow to brain (Fainting)

256
Q

Synergy

A

combined effect greater than sum of parts (1+1=3)

257
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematous aka LUPUS

A

autoimmune condition causing inflammation and tissue damage to joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidney, heart

258
Q

Tachycardia

A

HR > 100 BPM

259
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

diminished response to successive doses of drug

260
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Uncontrollable, involuntary, repetitive movements of face and other parts of body

261
Q

Teratogenic

A

causes birth defects if taken during pregnancy

262
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

263
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

serious blood disorder causing platelet clumping to form in small blood vessels throughout body leading to low platelets and subsequent bleeding under skin;
appears as purple bruises (purpura)

264
Q

Thrush

A

yeast infection characterized by white patches in mouth/throat caused by Candida albicans

265
Q

Tinnitus

A

ear ringing

266
Q

TdP

A

life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia; changes in QRS complex and prolonged QT

267
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

temporary blockage of blood flow to brain - symptoms of stroke that resolve within short period of time “Mini-stroke”

268
Q

Trough level

A

Lowest concentration of drug in bloodstream or concentration measured immediately before next dose

269
Q

Unilateral

A

one side of body

270
Q

Uremia

A

buildup of urea in blood

271
Q

Urethra

A

tube that carries urine from bladder out of body

272
Q

Ureter

A

connects kidney into bladder; delivers renal filtrate to be excreted as urine

273
Q

Urolithiasis

A

Kidney, urethra, bladder or ureter stones

274
Q

Urticaria

A

raised, itchy areas of skin - aka hives

275
Q

Vesicant

A

drug that causes severe tissue damage or blistering

276
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

extreme dryness of eyes (conjuctiva and cornea)

277
Q

Xerostomia

A

Severe dry mouth caused by decreased saliva

NAPLEX (6 decks)

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