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NAPLEX > Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Testing for various autoimmune conditions

A
  • Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  • (+) rheumatoid factor antibodies (RF)
  • (+) anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)
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2
Q

Testing for Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Increased ESR, increased CRP, (+) RF, (+) ANA
  • (+) anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)
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3
Q

Testing for Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

A
  • Increased ESR, increased CRP, (+) RF, (+) ANA
  • (+) anti-dsDNA antibodies
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4
Q

Testing for Multiple Sclerosis

A

MRI

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5
Q

Testing for Anemia

A

-Low Hgb, Hct, RBCs

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6
Q

Microcytic Anemia

A

Aka Iron Deficiency
- Decreased MCV (smaller cell sizes: < 80 fL)

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7
Q

Macrocytic Anemia

A

AKA B12 or Folate Deficiency
- Increased MCV (larger cell sizes: > 100 fL)
- Schilling test

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8
Q

VTE

A

D-dimer test

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9
Q

DVT

A

*Ultrasound
Venography, MRI

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10
Q

PE

A

pulmonary computed tomographic angiography (CTA)

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11
Q

Stroke Prevention

A

CHA2DS2-VASC

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12
Q

Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A
  • Decreased platetes (>50% drop from baseline) 0 5-14 days after starting heparin
  • (+) antibodies based on ELISA or serotonin release assay
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13
Q

Acute Coronary Syndromes

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Cardiac Enzymes: Creatine kinase muscle/brain (CK-MB), troponin

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14
Q

Arrhythmias

A

electrocardiogram ECG or EKG
Holter monitor (portable ECG)
Heart rate

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15
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA/Stroke)

A

Computed Tomography (CT)
MRI

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16
Q

Chronic Heart Failure

A

Echocardiogram (Echo) ~ultrasound
-Increased B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Increased N-Terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)

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17
Q

Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD)/ Chronic Stable Angina

A

Cardiac Stress Test
Angiography

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18
Q

Dyslipidemia

A
  • Increased TC, Non-HDL, LDL and TGs
  • Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) ~ non-invasive CT scan
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19
Q

Hypertension

A

Increased SBP/DBP

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20
Q

Hypertensive Emergency

A

Increased BP: >/= 180/120 mmHg with acute TOD

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21
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

Increased BP: >/= 180/120 mmHg without acute TOD

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22
Q

ASCVD

A

ASCVD 10 year risk tool; used if no history of ASCVD

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23
Q

Diabetes/Prediabetes

A

Fasting Plasma Glucose
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
A1C

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Decreased TSH
  • Increased FT4
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25
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • Increased TSH
  • Decreased FT4
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26
Q

Ovulation

A

Leutinizing hormone

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27
Q

Pregnancy

A

(+) hCG in urine or blood

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28
Q

Bacterial Vaginitis

A
  • Clear, white or gray vaginal discharge
  • Fishy odor
  • pH > 4.5
  • Little or no pain
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29
Q

Candida Vaginitis

A
  • White, thicker, vaginal discharge
  • Pruritis
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30
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

-Yellow, green frothy, foul-smelling discharge
- pH > 4.5
- soreness/pain with intercourse

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31
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A

Upper GI endoscopy (mouth - small intestine)

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32
Q

Duodenal ulcer

A

Pain 2-3 hours after eating (without food in stomach)
Pain relief with food and antacids

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33
Q

Gastric ulcer

A

Pain right after eating (food in stomach)
Little-no pain relief with food and antacids

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34
Q

GERD

A

Esophageal pH monitoring
Endoscopy

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35
Q

H. Pylori

A

Urea breath test (UBT)
Fecal antigen testI

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36
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (UC, CD)

A

Both: colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI
CD: Endoscopy
UC: Sigmoidoscopy

37
Q

Bronchospastic Diseases

A

Spirometry
FEV1
FVC
FEV1/FVC

38
Q

Asthma

A

FVC
FEV1
Peak expiratory flow rate
Skin test for allergic asthma

39
Q

COPD

A

Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7

40
Q

Acid Base Disorders

A

Arterial blood gas –> pH, pCO2, HCO3

41
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Low pH, low bicarbonate
Compensation: Respiratory alkalosis

42
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Low pH, High pCO2
Compensation: Metabolic alkalosis

43
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

High pH, high bicarbonate
Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis

44
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

High pH, low pCO2
Compensation: Metabolic Acidosis

45
Q

Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

A

Anion gap > 12 mEq/L

46
Q

General Infection

A

Fever (>100.4 or 38)
Increased WBC
Left shift: increased bands AKA immature neutrophils

47
Q

C.Difficile

A

Positive C. Diff stool toxin (immunoassay plus glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) test)
PCR

48
Q

HIV

A

HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay
HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunassay
HIV RNA viral load
Nucleic Acid Test

49
Q

Infective Endocarditis

A

Echo (checks vegetation)
Blood culture

50
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Round, red bullseye rash,
ELISA

51
Q

Meningitis

A

Lumbar puncture (LP)
- Plus symptoms of: severe headache, stiff neck, AMS

52
Q

Onychomycosis (Fungal infection of nail)

A

20% KOH smear

53
Q

Lice (Pediculosis)

A

Pruritus
Visible lice on scalp
Nits (eggs) on hair shafts

54
Q

Pinworm (Vermicularis)

A

Tape test on skin adjacent to anus to check for eggs
Helminths in blood, feces, urine

55
Q

Pneumonia

A

Chest X-Ray: infiltrates, consolidations or opacities

56
Q

Syphilis

A

(+) nontreponemal assay [Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Diseases Research Labortory (VDRL) blood test]
(+) Treponemal assay

57
Q

Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis

A

Toxoplasma IgG test

58
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

Latent: (+) TB skin test (TST) or PPD or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test
Active: Positive sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture and chest X-Ray with cavitation

59
Q

UTI

A

Urinalysis - (+) leukocyte esterase or WBC > 10 cells/mm3, nitrites, bacteria
(+) Urine Culture

60
Q

Breast Cancer

A

Mammogram
Ultrasound
MRI

61
Q

Cervical Cancer

A

Pap smear
HPV Test

62
Q

Colon Cancer

A

Colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy
Double-contrast barium enema
CT Colonography
Stool DNA
Fecal Occult blood test (FOBT)
Fecal immunochemical test

63
Q

Lung Cancer

A

CT Chest

64
Q

Skin Cancer

A

Skin Biopsy

65
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

Digital rectal exam (DRE)
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

66
Q

Cancer, general

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test
Positron emission tomography

67
Q

Allergic Reactions

A

Skin prick test
IgE Antibodies

68
Q

Bleeding

A

Low Hgb/Hct
Visible blood or bruising
Upper GI Bleed: coffee ground emesis, or dark/tarry stools
Lower GI/Hemorrhoid: red blood in stool

69
Q

Cholestasis (Bile Duct Blockage)

A

Increased Alk Phos, Increased TBili, Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

70
Q

Cognitive Impairment (Alzheimer’s)

A

Mini-mental state exam (MMSE) - <24 = impairment

71
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Sweat Test

72
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased IOP
Visual field test assess optic nerve damadge

73
Q

Gout

A

Increased uric acid (UA) level

74
Q

Liver disease

A

LFTs: increased AST/ALT, Alk Phos, TBili, LDH,
Cirrhosis: increased PT/INR, decreased albumin
Alcoholic liver disease: increased AST>ALT and increased GGT
Hepatic encephalopathy: increased blood ammonia

75
Q

Movement Disorders (ie. Parkinsons)

A

Abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMs) - used to measure involuntary movements or tardive dyskinesias as monitoring for improvement

76
Q

Myopathy

A

Increased Creatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

77
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

10-g monofilament
Pinprick
Temperature
Vibration

78
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

X-Ray, MRI

79
Q

Osteoporosis

A

BMD using DEXA: T score </= -2.5
Osteopenia: T-score: -1 to -2.4

80
Q

Pain

A

Pain scales
Non verbal signs

81
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Increased amylase/lipase

82
Q

Psychiatric Disease

A

DSM-5 diagnositic criteria

83
Q

Depression

A

DSM-5
Ham-D or HDRS assessment scale

84
Q

Renal Disease

A

Increased BUN/SCr
CrCl
eGFR
Urine albumin

85
Q

Dehydration

A

BUN/SCr ratio >20:1 plus symptoms of decreased urine output, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia

86
Q

Seizures/Epilepsy

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

87
Q

Weight (Underweight, normal, overweight, Obesity)

A

BMI plus waist circumference for overweight/obesity risks
IBW
TBW

88
Q
A

NAPLEX (6 decks)

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