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NAPLEX > Medical Terms > Flashcards

Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

A painful collection of pus on the skin, often caused by a bacterial infection. Can be due to a pressure ulcer (bed sore) from lying in the same position for long periods

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2
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

A condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough white blood cells, most often neutrophils; this increased the risk of serious, even life-threatening, infections

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3
Q

Akathisia

A

Inability to stay still with constant movement, can be due to antipsychotics

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4
Q

Akinesia

A

The lack of voluntary movement; can be a symptom of PD

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5
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slow movement

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6
Q

Dyskinesia

A

abnormal, involuntary movements; can be due to levodopa and dopamine agonists

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7
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

Involuntary movements in the tongue, face, trunk, and extremities; can be due to antipsychotics; TD can be irreversible; the drug should be d/c

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8
Q

Alogia

A

Lack of speech

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9
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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10
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

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11
Q

Amnesia, anterograde

A

Loss of memory when the drug is taken; past memory is not affected

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12
Q

Amnesia, retrograde

A

Loss of memory to past events

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13
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction, occurs soon after a drug is taken

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14
Q

Angioedema

A

The swelling of tissue layers under the skin; swelling of dermis and lower layers causes breathing difficulty

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15
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion

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16
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite; can be psychological, due to AIDS, or due to drugs

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17
Q

Anorgasmia

A

Inability to have an orgasm

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18
Q

Anuria

A

Lack of urine output

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19
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

A tear within the wall of the aorta, which allows blood to flow between the wall layers; can lead to fatal aortic rupture

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20
Q

Aphasia

A

Difficulty speaking or understanding language; can be due to a stroke, head injury, brain tumor.

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21
Q

Apoptosis

A

Cell death

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22
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Irregular heart rhythm, with low HR or fast HR

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23
Q

Arthralgia

A

Joint pain

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24
Q

Arthritis

A

Joint disease/inflammation

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25
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid accumulation within the peritoneal space that can lead to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome

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26
Q

Asplenia

A

Decreased or absent spleen function

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27
Q

Asthenia

A

Abnormal lack of energy and strength

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28
Q

Ataxia

A

Loss of full control and uncoordinated body movement

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29
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls, which restrict blood flow

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30
Q

Attenuated

A

weakened

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31
Q

Atypical

A

Not the usual symptoms or presentation

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32
Q

Ausculation

A

Listening to internal organs with a stethoscope

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33
Q

Axillary temperature

A

Temperature taken under the arm

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34
Q

Avolition

A

lack of motivation

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35
Q

Azotemia

A

A build up of nitrogen in the blood with a high serum creatinine; can be due to renal failure

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36
Q

Bilateral

A

On both sides of the body

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37
Q

Bioavailability

A

The extent to which an oral drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation

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38
Q

Blepharitis

A

Eyelid inflammation

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39
Q

Bolus

A

A relatively large dose of an IV drug given at once to quickly achieve an effect or serum level

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40
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow HR (<60bpm)

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41
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes with difficult breathing and clearing mucus, often due to an infection, from long-term smoking, second-hand smoke, or airborne irritants

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42
Q

BUD (Beyond Use Date)/ Expiration Date

A

Expiration dates are used for manufactured drugs and relate to the drug’s chemical/physical stability after opening or dilution.
BUD is the last date the drug may be used in relation to the preparation’s microbial sterility.

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43
Q

Bulimia

A

An eating disorder characterized by binging and compensatory self-induced vomiting

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44
Q

Cachexia

A

Extreme weight loss and muscle wasting due to a chronic illness, commonly seen in frail, thin elderly patients who have been sick for some time

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45
Q

Carbuncle

A

red, inflamed cluster of furuncles that contains pus, and can form an abscess

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46
Q

Furuncle

A

hair follicle infection, most are S. aureus infections

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47
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

An abnormally enlarged heart

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48
Q

Cataplexy

A

A sudden loss of muscle control that causes temporary paralysis on both sides, often triggered by laughing, crying, or fear

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49
Q

Cataract

A

Cloudiness covering the lens in the eye.

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50
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion

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51
Q

Cellulitis

A

A bacterial infection in the skin or subcutaneous tissue, most commonly in the lower legs

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52
Q

Central line

A

A central line empties into a large vein

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53
Q

CVA- stroke

A

blood flow to a part of the brain is blocked by a thrombus or a blood vessel rupture

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54
Q

Cerumen

A

Ear wax, buildup impairs hearing

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55
Q

Chancre

A

A painless ulcer

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56
Q

Chelation

A

A chemical complex in which ions and molecules bind to metal ions

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57
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Gallbladder removal

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58
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The formation of gallstones

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59
Q

Cholestasis

A

Reduction or blockage of bile flow

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60
Q

Cinchonism

A

Quinine or quinidine overdose, with symptoms of tinnitus, hearing loss, blurred vision, headache or delirium

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61
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Advanced, frequently irreversible scarring of the liver

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62
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

“pink eye”; inflammation of the thin clear tissues that lies over the white part of the eye

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63
Q

Crystalluria

A

The excretion of crystals in the urine

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64
Q

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

A treatment for obstructive sleep apnea that uses a machine to pump air through the airways, keeping the windpipe

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65
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder inflammation, usually due to a bacterial infection

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66
Q

Delirium

A

An acutely disturbed mind with incoherent thought and speech and agitation

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67
Q

Delusion/hallucinations

A

Delusions are incorrect perceptions

Hallucination are hearing/seeing/feeling something that is not there, and not based in any reality

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68
Q

Dementia

A

Memory loss, difficulty with judgement, attention, planning and personal care

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69
Q

Desiccant

A

An agent that keeps something dry

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70
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

A life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes and occasionally type 2 diabetes, with signs/symptoms of fatigue, weakness, hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolism acidosis and ketonuria

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71
Q

Dialysis

A

Replaces the function of kidneys to remove waste products, electrolytes and excess fluid from the blood

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72
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Sweating

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73
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

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74
Q

Dyscrasia

A

A blood disorder in one or more of the cell lines

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75
Q

Dissection

A

A tear within the wall of a blood vessel, which allows blood to flow between the wall layers

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76
Q

Dysentery

A

Severe diarrhea, with abdominal pain and bloody stool

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77
Q

Dysgeusia

A

Bad, bitter or metallic taste in the mouth

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78
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Discomfort and pain during the menstrual period

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79
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Ingestion

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80
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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81
Q

Dysphonia

A

Physical difficulty speaking

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82
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing

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83
Q

Dystonia/Dystonic Reaction

A

Prolonged contraction of muscles, including painful muscle spasms

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84
Q

Ectopic

A

In an abnormal place or position

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85
Q

Emboli/Embolism

A

An embolism is obstruction of a blood vessel by an emboli that has traveled through the blood

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86
Q

Empyema

A

The collection of pus in a body cavity, usually the pleural space

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87
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain

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88
Q

Encephalopathy

A

A disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure

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89
Q

Endocarditis

A

An infection of the lining of the heart chambers or heart valves

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90
Q

Endometriosis

A

A painful condition in which tissue that normally lines the uterus has grown outside the uterus.

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91
Q

Enteral

A

the gut

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92
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed wetting

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93
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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94
Q

Eructation

A

Burping

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95
Q

Erythema

A

Skin redness, caused by increase blood in an area

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96
Q

Etiology

A

the cause

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97
Q

Euphoria

A

a feeling of happiness, elation

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98
Q

Exacerbation

A

An acute increase in the severity of a disease

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99
Q

Euthyroid

A

A normal functioning thyroid gland

100
Q

Excoriation

A

Skin abrasion where skin can be scraped or worn off

101
Q

Exophthalamos

A

Bulging eyeballs

102
Q

Extravasation

A

Occurs when a vesicant is given IV though a catheter, and the catheter tips fall out of the vein, which allows drug to seep into the surrounding tissues

103
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

A painful condition with both physical pain and psychological pain, with fatigue

104
Q

Fibrosis

A

Scarring in connective tissue

105
Q

Flatulence

A

Excess gas in the GI tract, which is expelled though belching or through the anus

106
Q

Folliculitis

A

Hair follicle infection that looks like a red pimple

107
Q

Galactorrhea

A

The production of breast in men or women who are not breastfeeding

108
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach

109
Q

Gastroparesis

A

Peristalsis is the movement of food/liquids through the GI tract by muscle contractions; Gastroparesis causes decrease peristalsis

110
Q

Genotype, Phenotype

A

Specific sequence of nucleotides that code for a protein

111
Q

Gingival Bleeding

A

gum bleeding

112
Q

Gingival Hyperplasia

A

Gum overgrowth

113
Q

Glossitis

A

Tongue inflammation

114
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Breast enlargement in men

115
Q

Heimlich Maneuver

A

Procedure for removing or dislodging an obstruction from a person’s airway by applying forceful abdominal thrusts in an inward and upward direction

116
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

117
Q

Hematoma

A

A collection of blood

118
Q

Hematologic

A

Having to do with blood or blood disorders

119
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

120
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of RBCs

121
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing or spitting up blood from the respiratory tract

122
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

An enlarged or swollen blood vessel, usually located near the anus or the rectum

123
Q

Hemostasis

A

Causing bleeding to stop

124
Q

Hepatotoxicity

A

Liver toxicity

125
Q

Hirsutism

A

Male-pattern hair growth in women

126
Q

Hot Flashes

A

Temporary but recurring episodes of flushing with a sensation of warmth or heat on the upper body and face

127
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Increase bilirubin in the blood

128
Q

Hyperhisrosis

A

Excessive sweating

129
Q

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

A

Hyperglycemic crisis that most often occurs in type 2 diabetes due to some type of severe stress

130
Q

Hyperthermia

A

Body temperature well above normal

131
Q

Hypertrichosis

A

Excessive hair growth, can be all over the body or in patches

132
Q

Hypertrophy

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of cells

133
Q

Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

A hemorrhage in the brain

134
Q

Intrathecal

A

Introduced into or occurring in the space under the arachnoid membrane of the brain or spinal cord

135
Q

Intraarticular

A

Into the joint

136
Q

Ischemia

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body

137
Q

Libido

A

Sexual desire

138
Q

Lyophilized

A

Freeze-dried

139
Q

Malaise

A

A general feeling of discomfort or illness

140
Q

Malignant

A

Virulent, uncontrolled, potentially fatal, used to refer to cancer

141
Q

Medication guide (MedGuide)

A

A handout that alerts patient to toxicities associated with a drug

142
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Heavy menstrual bleeding

143
Q

Melasma

A

Skin hyperpigmentation, appearing as dark spots, usually on the forehead, cheeks and chin

144
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joint

A

The big toe joint

145
Q

Morbidity, Mortality

A

Morbidity refers to disease

Mortality refers to death

146
Q

Mucositis

A

Inflammation/ulceration of the mucous membrane in the mouth and throat

147
Q

Myalgias

A

Muscle pain

148
Q

Mydriasis

A

Pupil dilation

149
Q

Myelosuppresion

A

Low WBC, RBC, and platelet count

150
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

A heart attack

151
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the myocardium

152
Q

Myoclonus

A

Muscle twitching

153
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle damage

154
Q

Necrosis

A

The death of all or most of the cells in a part of the body, or in an organ

155
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones

156
Q

Nephrotoxicity

A

Renal toxicity/damage

157
Q

Neuropathy

A

Peripheral nerve damage

158
Q

Nosocomial

A

Hospital-acquired

159
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

160
Q

Nystagmus

A

Repetitive, uncontrolled movements of the eyes

161
Q

Oligohidrosis

A

Deficient sweat

162
Q

Orthopnea

A

Shortness of breath when lying flat

163
Q

Orthostasis

A

A decrease in blood pressure that happens soon after standing

164
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Bones are too soft

165
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Bones are porous and brittle

166
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection inside the bone

167
Q

Otalgia

A

Ear pain

168
Q

Otorrhea

A

Middle ear effusion/fluid, indicates infection

169
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Ear damage

170
Q

Palliative Care

A

Medical care directed towards providing relief from the symptoms of a serious illness, including adequate relief from pain

171
Q

Pallor

A

Pale skin color

172
Q

Parasomnias

A

Unusual actions while sleeping

173
Q

Paresthesia

A

A burning, prickling, or “pins and needles” sensation

174
Q

Peak level

A

The highest concentration of a drug in the patient’s bloodstream

175
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice infestation

176
Q

Pegylation

A

Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a compound to decrease toxicity and increase half-life

177
Q

Perinatal

A

The time immediately before and after birth

178
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave-like muscle movement that pushes food through the gastrointestinal tract

179
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

What a drug does to the body

180
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to a drug

181
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Sore throat

182
Q

Phlebitis

A

Vein inflammation, with swelling, pain, redness

183
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Sun allergy

184
Q

PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Line)

A

A central line inserted peripherally (in the vein in the arm), and advanced through the vein until the tip reaches a large vessel

185
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Fluid between the layers of the pleura, the thin membranes that line the outside of the lungs

186
Q

Pneumonia

A

Lung infection

187
Q

Polydipsia

A

Extreme thirst

188
Q

Polyp

A

An abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane

189
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger or increased appetite

190
Q

Polyuria

A

Increase in urination

191
Q

Porphyria

A

A group of disorders that result from a buildup of natural chemicals that produce porphyrin in your body

192
Q

Postprandial

A

After a meal

193
Q

Preeclampsia

A

A serious, potentially fatal complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage

194
Q

Preprandial

A

Before a meal

195
Q

Priapism

A

Prolonged erection >4 hours, will become painful, and requires emergency medical care

196
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Preventing a condition or drug side effect

197
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

198
Q

Purulent

A

Consisting of, containing, or discharging pus

199
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

A noninvasive test that measures the level of oxygen in the blood

200
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

A type of urinary tract infection where one or both kidneys become infected

201
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

202
Q

Rales, Rhonchi, Stridor

A

Abnormal lung sounds heard with auscultation during inspiration
Rales: rattling, crackling sounds
Rhonchi: deeper rattling sounds that resemble snoring sounds
Stridor: high-pitched whistling sounds

203
Q

Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)

A

A strategy to manage the risks from an especially toxic drug

204
Q

Retrograde ejaculation

A

Semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during orgasm

205
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly, releasing myoglobin and other muscle components into the blood

206
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation and swelling in the nose, usually caused by a cold or allergic rhinitis

207
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Runny nose, due to excessive mucus

208
Q

Rigidity

A

Stiffness

209
Q

Rigors

A

Shivering, in which the patient feels cold but the body temperature is hot

210
Q

Scabies

A

Itchy, contagious mite infestation

211
Q

Sepsis

A

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

212
Q

Septicemia

A

A severe bloodstream infection

213
Q

Shock

A

A medical emergency characterized by hypoperfusion usually in the setting of hypotension

214
Q

Sialorrhea

A

Hypersalivation

215
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinuses cause be due to allergies or infection

216
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleepwalking

217
Q

Somnolence

A

Sedation

218
Q

Spirometry

A

The pulmonary test that is used to diagnose and assess asthma and COPD; measures how much air someone can inhale, exhale, and how fast they can exhale

219
Q

Steatorrhea

A

Fat globules in the feces due to decreased intestinal fat absorption

220
Q

Steatosis

A

Abnormal collection of fat somewhere in the body

221
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing of space in the body

222
Q

Stevens Johnsons Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS/TEN)

A

A severe skin reaction can be due to drugs that begins with fever and flu-like symptoms, followed by skin blisters that are bright red, and spread rapidly

223
Q

Stomatitis

A

Mouth inflammation

224
Q

Striae

A

Stretch marks on the skin

225
Q

Stricture

A

An abnormal narrowing of a body passage

226
Q

Syncope

A

Temporary loss of consciousness caused by a quick drop in blood pressure

227
Q

Synergy

A

An effect greater than the sum of the parts

228
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

An autoimmune condition, also called lupus, that affects many parts of the body consisting of painful and swollen joints, fever, rashes (butterfly-shaped rash over the face)

229
Q

Tachycardia

A

Increased HR (>100 bpm)

230
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Decreased response to the effect of a drug

231
Q

Teratogenic

A

A drug that will cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy

232
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decreased platelets

233
Q

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

A

Blood clots form throughout the body. The clots consume platelets, which leads to bleeding under the skin and the formation of purpura (bruises) and petechiae (dots), that are seen on the skin surface

234
Q

Thrush

A

A yeast infection inside of the mouth caused by Candida albicans

235
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing in the ears

236
Q

Torsades de Pointes

A

A deadly type of ventricular tachycardia due to drugs

237
Q

Transient lschemic Attack (TIA)

A

A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain; also called a “mini-stroke”

238
Q

Trough level

A

The lowest concentration of a drug in the blood

239
Q

Uremia

A

A buildup of urea in the blood

240
Q

Urethra

A

A tube that carries urine from the bladder, and out of the body, runs though the penis (in males) and though the vaginal opening (in females)

241
Q

Ureter

A

The tubes than run from each kidney into the bladder, delivering the “renal filtrate” that will be excreted as urine

242
Q

Urolithiasis

A

Kidney/bladder stones

243
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

244
Q

Vesicant

A

A drug that can cause severe tissue damage

245
Q

Xerophthalmia

A

Dry eyes

246
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

NAPLEX (2 decks)

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