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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology Test II > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Test II Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

balan/o

A

penis

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2
Q

orch/o

A

testis

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3
Q

orchi/o

A

testis

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4
Q

orchid/o

A

testis

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5
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland. Gland that produces the fluid portion of semen.

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6
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum

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7
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra. Tube leading from urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

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8
Q

vas/o

A

vas deferens. Tube carrying sperm cells from the testis to the ejaculatory duct and urethra.

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9
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy.

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10
Q

cryptorchism

A

Condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth. Crypt/o means hidden.

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11
Q

hydrocele

A

sac of clear fluid in the scrotum. -cele refers to the indication of a hernia.

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12
Q

prostatic carcinoma

A

Cancer of the prostate gland

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13
Q

testicular carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor of the testis.

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14
Q

seminoma

A

Malignant tumor of the testis

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15
Q

varicocele

A

enlarged, swollen veins near a testicle.

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16
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

examination of the prostate gland with finger through the rectum

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17
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

measurement of the amount of PSA in the blood. Higher than normal levels are associated with prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer.

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18
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of an undescended testicle in a young male infant.

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19
Q

semen analysis

A

measurement of the number, shape, and motility of sperm cells.

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20
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

A

removal of portions of the prostate gland with an endoscope inserted into the urethra.

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21
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (greenlight PVP)

A

use of a laser to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

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22
Q

vasectomy

A

procedure in which the vas deferens on each side is cut, a piece is removed, and the free ends are folded and tied with sutures.

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23
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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24
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam

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25
Q

GU

A

genitourinary

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26
Q

PSA

A

prostate specific antigen

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27
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

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28
Q

scrotum

A

sac on the outside of the body that contains the testes

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29
Q

vas deferens

A

one of two tubes that carry sperm cells from the testes to the outside of the body

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30
Q

testis

A

one of two paired male organs in the scrotum that produces sperm cells and male hormones

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31
Q

prostate

A

male organ that surrounds the base of the urinary bladder and produces fluid that leaves the body with sperm

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32
Q

prostatectomy

A

resection of the prostate gland

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33
Q

orchidectomy

A

excision of a testicle

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34
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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35
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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36
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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37
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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38
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

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39
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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40
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

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41
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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42
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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43
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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44
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis/hipbone

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45
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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46
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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47
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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48
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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49
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive, arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine and hip.

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50
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist.

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51
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid.

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52
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

an inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers.

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53
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic inflammation of joints, pain, swelling, and stiffening, especially in the small joints of the hands and feet.

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54
Q

rheumat/o

A

flowing

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55
Q

ANA Test

A

Antinuclear antibody test. Test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found In patients with systemic lupus.

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56
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint

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57
Q

arthrography

A

x-ray imaging of a joint

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58
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope

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59
Q

bone density test

A

low energy x rays are used to image bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect areas of bone deficiency

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60
Q

bone scan

A

procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device

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61
Q

calcium (test)

A

Measurement of the amount of calcium in a sample of blood (serum). This test is important in evaluating diseases of the bone.

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62
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Recording of the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.

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63
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

A

Measurement of the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. High sedimentation rates are associated with inflammatory diseases.

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64
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

The removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

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65
Q

Uric acid test

A

uric acid in a sample of blood. High levels are associated with gouty arthritis.

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66
Q

athroplasty

A

surgical repair of a joint

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67
Q

chemonucleolysis

A

Treatment of a herniated disk by injection of chymopapain to dissolve the inner portion of the disk.

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68
Q

Endoscopic diskectomy

A

surgical removal of a portion of a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk.

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69
Q

Laminectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk.

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70
Q

microscopic diskectomy

A

Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk with an incision that is 1 to 2 inches long and visualization of the surgical filed with an operating microscope.

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71
Q

vertebroplasty

A

Surgical repair of vertebrae. Special cement is injected into the compressed backbones to strengthen them and t relieve pain.

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72
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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73
Q

c1-C7

A

cervical vertebrae

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74
Q

IM

A

intramuscular

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75
Q

L1-L5

A

lumbar vertebrae

76
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

77
Q

ortho

A

orthropedics

78
Q

PT

A

physical therapy

79
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

80
Q

T1-T12

A

Thoracic vertebrae

81
Q

cranium

A

skull

82
Q

clavicle

A

shoulder bone

83
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

84
Q

radius

A

lower arm bone on the thumb side

85
Q

ulna

A

lower arm bone on the pinky side

86
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

87
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

88
Q

phalanges

A

finger bones

89
Q

scapula

A

shoulder bone

90
Q

sternum

A

breast bone

91
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

92
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

93
Q

fibula

A

smaller bone of the lower leg

94
Q

tibia

A

larger bone of the lower leg

95
Q

patella

A

kneecap

96
Q

sacrum

A

lower part of the backbone near the hip

97
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

98
Q

pelvis

A

hip bone

99
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

100
Q

ribs

A

bones surrounding the chest cavity

101
Q

myelodysplasia

A

abnormal growth of bone marrow cells

102
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

103
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of cartilage attached to ribs

104
Q

chondroma

A

benign tumor of cartilage tissue

105
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

106
Q

myosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of muscle tissue

107
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

108
Q

serum calcium

A

measurement of an element in the blood that is necessary for normal bone formation

109
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

110
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

111
Q

encephala/o

A

brain

112
Q

medull/a

A

medulla oblongata

113
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

114
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

115
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity

116
Q

CVA

A

damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to the brain. (stroke)

117
Q

concussion

A

blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of conciousness

118
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

119
Q

Glioblastoma

A

malignant brain tumor airising from glial cells.

120
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

121
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system, with replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue

122
Q

syncope

A

fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate blood flow to the brain.

123
Q

cerebral angiography

A

X ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery.

124
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)

A

Chemical tests (for sodium, chloride, protein, and glucose), cell counts, cultures, and bacterial smears on samples of CSF to detect diseases of the brain or meninges. A lumbar puncture is used to remove CSF for analysis.

125
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan

A

Cross-sectional x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord (with and without contrast)

126
Q

electroencelphalography (EEG)

A

the recording of electrical activity within the brain

127
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

Pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be injected for imaging (myelography) after removal of CSF from a space between the lumbar vertebrae. An LP or a spinal tap also provides a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.

128
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves are used to create images of the brain and spinal cord

129
Q

positron emission tomography scan (PET)

A

Uptake of radioactive material into the brain shows how the brain uses glucose and gives information about brain function

130
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

placememnt in the skill of a stereotactic instrument that locates a target in the brain. Then a high energy radiation beam is delivered to that precise target to destroy the tissue.

131
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

A

a battery-powered device delivers stimulation to nerves to relieve acute and chronic pain

132
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer’s disease

133
Q

CFS

A

cerebrospinal fluid

134
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

135
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

136
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

137
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain; controls body movements, thought, reasoning, vision, hearing, speech

138
Q

spinal cord

A

collection of nerves that are within the spinal cavity surrounded by backbones

139
Q

cerebellum

A

lower back part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance

140
Q

medulla oblongata

A

lower part of the brain, nearest to the spinal cord; it controls breathing and heart beat

141
Q

spinal nerves

A

Nerves that transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.

142
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

143
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nerves

144
Q

cerebellar

A

pertaining to the posterior portion of the brain that controls equilibrium

145
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph fluid

146
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

147
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

148
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

149
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

150
Q

AIDS

A

suppression or deficiency of the immune response caused by exposure to HIV

151
Q

Lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.

152
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood stream

153
Q

sarcoidosis

A

inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in lymph nodes and other organs

154
Q

ELISA

A

Enzume-linked immunosorbent assay. A test to screen for antibodies to the HIV virus.

155
Q

Western blot test

A

A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to specific antigens such as HIV. (More precise than ELISA)

156
Q

chemotherapy

A

Treatment with powerful drugs to kill cancer cells and viruses such as HIV.

157
Q

Radiotherapy

A

Treatment with high dose radiation to destroy malignant legions in the body

158
Q

Stationary collections of lymph tissue through out the body

A

lymph nodes

159
Q

Gland in the mediastinum; produces lymphocytes.

A

Thymus

160
Q

Clear fluid present in tissue spaces, that circulates in lymph vessels

A

lymph

161
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease of the lymph nodes

162
Q

lymphangiectasis

A

widening, dilation of lymph vessels

163
Q

lymphoma

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue

164
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

excision of lymph nodes

165
Q

thymoma

A

malignant tumor of a mediastinal lymphocyte-producing gland

166
Q

cells

A

smallest unit or part of an organ

167
Q

tissue

A

groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

168
Q

organ

A

Independent part of the body composed of different tissues working together to do a specific job.

169
Q

system

A

Group of organs working together to do a job in the body.

170
Q

Circulatory system

A

Organs that carry blood throughout the body.

171
Q

Digestive system

A

Organs that bring food into the body and break it down to enter the bloodstream or eliminate it through the rectum and anus.

172
Q

Endocrine system

A

Endocrine glands.

173
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Organs that support the body and allow it to move

174
Q

Nervous system

A

Organs that transmit electrical messages throughout the body.

175
Q

Respiratory system

A

Organs that control breathing, allowing air to enter and leave the body.

176
Q

Urinary system

A

Organs that produce ad send urine out of the body.

177
Q

pleura

A

double membrane that surrounds the lungs

178
Q

mediastinum

A

Space between the lungs in the chest. Contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lymph nodes.

179
Q

diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the chest and the abdomen.

180
Q

peritoneum

A

Membrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs in place.

181
Q

disk

A

Pad of cartilage that is between each backbone

182
Q

frontal plane

A

an up-and-down plane that divides the body into front and back portions.; coronal plane

183
Q

sagittal plane

A

imaginary plane that divided the body into right and left portions

184
Q

transverse plane

A

plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

185
Q

ascites

A

abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen

186
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

malignant tumor of lymph nodes.

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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