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Medical Terminology > Medical Terminology Test I > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Test I Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Arthro

A

Joint

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1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland

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2
Q

Bio

A

Life

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3
Q

Carcino

A

Cancerous

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4
Q

Cardio

A

Heart

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5
Q

Cephalo

A

Gland

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6
Q

Cerebrospinal

A

Cerebrum

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7
Q

Cysto

A

Urinary bladder

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8
Q

Cyto

A

Cell

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9
Q

Dermis

A

Skin

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10
Q

Dermato

A

Skin

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11
Q

Electro

A

Electricity

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12
Q

Encephalo

A

Brain

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13
Q

Entero

A

Intestines (often the small intestines)

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14
Q

Erythro

A

Red

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15
Q

Gastro

A

Stomach

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16
Q

Gnos/o

A

Knowledge

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17
Q

Gyneco

A

Woman, blood

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18
Q

Hemato

A

Blood

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19
Q

Hepato

A

Liver

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20
Q

Laparo

A

Abdomen

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21
Q

Leuko

A

White

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22
Q

Nephro

A

Kidney

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23
Q

Neuro

A

Nerve

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24
Q

Onco

A

Tumor

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25
Q

Ophthalmo

A

Eye

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26
Q

Osteo

A

Bone

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27
Q

Patho

A

Disease

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28
Q

Psycho

A

Mind

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29
Q

Reno

A

Kidney

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30
Q

Rhino

A

Nose

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31
Q

Sarco

A

Flesh

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32
Q

Thrombo

A

Clotting

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33
Q

-al

A

Pertains to

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34
Q

– Algia

A

Pain

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35
Q

–cyte

A

Cell

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36
Q

Ectomy

A

Cutting out; removal; excision

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37
Q

–email

A

Blood condition

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38
Q

-gram

A

Record

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39
Q

-is

A

Condition

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40
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

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41
Q

-ism

A

Condition, process

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42
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

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43
Q

-logist

A

Specialist in the study of

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44
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor, mass

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45
Q

-post

A

The process of viewing

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46
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

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47
Q

-scope

A

Instrument to visually examine

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48
Q
  • scopy
A
  • process of visual examination
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49
Q

-sis

A

State of

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50
Q

-tomy

A

Process of cutting into (incision)

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51
Q

A, an

A

No, not

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52
Q

Aut

A

Self

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53
Q

Dia

A

Complete, through

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54
Q

Dys

A

Bad painful difficult abnormal

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55
Q

Endo

A

Within

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56
Q

Exo

A

Outside

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57
Q

Hyper

A

Excessive, more than normal, too much

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58
Q

Hypo

A

Below, less than normal, under

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59
Q

Peri

A

Surrounding

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60
Q

Pro

A

Before, forward

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61
Q

Re

A

Back

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62
Q

Retro

A

Behind

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63
Q

Sub

A

Below, under

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64
Q

Trans

A

Across, through

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65
Q

Angio

A

Vessel

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66
Q

Aorto

A

Aorta

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67
Q

Arterio

A

Artery

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68
Q

Arteriol

A

Arteriolar

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69
Q

Cardio

A

Heart

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70
Q

Corono

A

Heart

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71
Q

Phlebo

A

Vein

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72
Q

Veno

A

Vein

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73
Q

Benito

A

Venule

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74
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis.

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75
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Abnormal heartbeat

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76
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle.

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77
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol like plaque

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78
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood

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79
Q

Infarction

A

An area of dead tissue

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80
Q

Shock

A

A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart.

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81
Q

Angiography

A

recording via x ray images if blood vessels after the injection of contrast into the blood stream

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82
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure pressure and flow patterns of blood

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83
Q

cardiac enzyme tests

A

measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack

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84
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves

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85
Q

echocardiography

A

producing images of the heart via sound waves or echoes

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86
Q

electrocardiography

A

recording electricity flowing through the heart

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87
Q

holter monitoring

A

detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves the patient having to wear a compact version of an electrocardiograph for 24 hours.

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88
Q

lipid tests

A

measurements of cholesterol and tryglyceride levels in the blood

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89
Q

lipoprotein tests

A

measurements of HDL and LDL in the blood

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90
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

producing an image, by beaming magnetic waves at the heart, that gives detailed information about congenital heart disease, cardiac masses, and disease within large blood vessels.

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91
Q

MUGA scan

A

Iaging the motion of the heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan, using radioactive materials.

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92
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

radioactive chemicals, which release radioactive particles, are injected into the blood stream and travel to the heart. Cross-sectional images show the flow of blood and the functional activity of the heart muscle.

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93
Q

Stress test

A

an electrocardiogram plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements show the heart’s response to physical exertion

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94
Q

Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan:

A

a radioactive chemical (sestamibi tagged with technetium-99m) is injected intravenously and shows perfusion (flow) of blood in the heart muscle. It is taken up in the area of a myocardial infarction producing hot spots. In an ETT-MIBI exercise tolerance test, an intravenous radioactive substance is given before the patient reaches maximal heart rate on a tread mill.

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95
Q

Thallium-201 scan

A

a radioactive test that shous where injected thallium-201 localizes in the heart.

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96
Q

Cardioversion

A

brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop cardiac arrhythmia. (Defib)

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97
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

A

vessels taken from the patient’s legs or chest are connected to coronary arteries to make detours around blockages.

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98
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits and clots

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99
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

a balloon-tipped catheter is threaded into a coronary artery to compress fatty deposits and open the artery. Stents create wider tubes that make the recurrence of blockage less likely. Balloon angioplasty.

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100
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

drugs such as the tPa and streptokinase are injected into a patient’s bloodstream to dissolve clots that may cause a heart attack.

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101
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndromes. (disease changes in coronary arteries leading to plaque clot formation)

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102
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

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103
Q

CABG

A

coronary bypass grafting

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104
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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105
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

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106
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

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107
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

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108
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

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109
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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110
Q

lung capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels surrounding lung tissue through which gases pass into and out of the blood

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111
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

passage of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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112
Q

systemic circulation

A

passage of blood from the heart to the body tissues and back

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113
Q

intravenous

A

pertaining to within a vein

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114
Q

arterioscleriosis

A

hardening of artery

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115
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision of a vein

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116
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of heart muscle

117
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of blood vessels

118
Q

arteriolitis

A

inflammation of small arteries

119
Q

venulitis

A

inflammation of small veins

120
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the largest aorta

121
Q

ano

A

anus

122
Q

appendo

A

appendix

123
Q

appendico

A

appendix

124
Q

choleocyst

A

gallbladder

125
Q

gastro

A

stomach

126
Q

hepato

A

liver

127
Q

ielo

A

ileum

128
Q

jejuno

A

jejunum

129
Q

oro

A

mouth

130
Q

pharyngo

A

pharynx

131
Q

procto

A

anus and rectum

132
Q

recto

A

rectum

133
Q

sigmoido

A

sigmoid colon

134
Q

stomato

A

stomatits

135
Q

cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of gall stones

136
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells

137
Q

colonic polyposis

A

condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining for colon

138
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal conditions of small sacs (diverticula) on the inside of the intestines. Diverticulosis is the inflammation of the diverticula.

139
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

a condition in which contents f the stomach flow back into the stomach.

140
Q

Hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

141
Q

Inflammatory Bowel disease

A

inflammation of the last portion of the ileum (Chron disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)

142
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

signs and symptms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. does not permanently damager intestine

143
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

cancer of the liver

144
Q

jaundice

A

yellow-orange coloration of the tissues and skin.

145
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

high levels of bilirubin n the blood stream (causes jaundice)

146
Q

Abdominal computed topography (CT) scan

A

series of cross sectional x ray images that show abdominal

147
Q

abdominal MRI

A

magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.

148
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

process of beaming sound waves iof organs such as the gallbladder.into the abdomen to produce images

149
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography

A

useful to detect enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the upper abdomen

150
Q

barium tests

A

x ray examinations using liquid barium mix to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

151
Q

cholangiography

A

x ray examinations of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material into the liver

152
Q

cholangio

A

bile ducts

153
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastro intestinal tract with an endoscope.

154
Q

hemoccult test

A

feces are placed on a paper containing the chemical guaic which reacts with hidden (occult) blood. Important test for colon cancer

155
Q

liver function test

A

measurements of liver enzymes and other substances on the blood. Enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged.

156
Q

stool culture

A

feces are placed in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms such as bacteria

157
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs.

158
Q

laparoscopic surgery

A

removal of organs or tissues via laparoscope

159
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision.

160
Q

ALT, AST

A

alanine transaminase, aspartame transaminase (liver enzymes measured as a part of LFTs)

161
Q

BE

A

barium enema

162
Q

GB

A

gallbladder

163
Q

GERD

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

164
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

165
Q

IBD

A

inflammatory bowel disease (Chron’s or ulcerative colitis)

166
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

167
Q

liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)

A

LFT

168
Q

NPO

A

nil per os

169
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition (intravenous solutions are given to maintain nutrition)

170
Q

pharynx

A

throat

171
Q

esophagus

A

tube that carries food to the stomach

172
Q

stomach

A

organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the intestine

173
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

174
Q

jejunjum

A

second part of the small intestine

175
Q

ileum

A

third part of the small intestine

176
Q

colon

A

large intestine

177
Q

sigmoid colon

A

s-shaped lower portion of the large intestine

178
Q

rectum

A

final section of the colon

179
Q

anus

A

opening of the colon outside of the body

180
Q

appendix

A

small sac that hangs from a beginning of the large intestine

181
Q

liver

A

organ that makes bile, stores sugar, and produces proteins to clot blood

182
Q

gallbladder

A

sac that stores bile

183
Q

common bile duct

A

tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine

184
Q

pancreas

A

gland that makes both digestive juices and insulin

185
Q

gastro

A

stomach

186
Q

colo

A

large intestine

187
Q

procto

A

anus and rectum

188
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

189
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of the gallbladder

190
Q

somatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

191
Q

gastraglia

A

pain of the stomach

192
Q

adreno

A

adrenal glands

193
Q

adrenalo

A

adrenal gland

194
Q

hypophyso

A

pituitary gland

195
Q

oophoro

A

ovary

196
Q

ovario

A

ovary

197
Q

orcho

A

testes

198
Q

orchio

A

testes

199
Q

pancreato

A

pancreas

200
Q

parathyroid

A

parathyroid gland

201
Q

pituitaro

A

pituitary gland

202
Q

thymo

A

thymus gland

203
Q

thyroadreno

A

thyroid gland

204
Q

thyroido

A

thyroid gland

205
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty.

206
Q

cushing syndrome

A

a group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. These signs and symptoms include obesity, moonlike faces, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis

207
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a disorder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels.

208
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

the onset usually in childhood, involves complete deficiency of insulin in the body.

209
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin.deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin

210
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

211
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyes buldge out) goiter.

212
Q

exophthalmometry

A

measurement of eyeball protrusion as an indicator of Graves disease

213
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin.deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin

214
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland

215
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyes buldge out) goiter.

216
Q

exophthalmometry

A

measurement of eyeball protrusion as an indicator of Graves disease

217
Q

fasting blood sugar test:

A

measurement of glucose levels in a blood sample taken from a fasting patient and in specimens taken 30 minute, 1 hr, 2 hours, and 3 hours after the ingestion of 75g of glucose. Delayed return to normal indicates diabetes mellitus

218
Q

radioactive iodine uptake

A

measured thyroid function

219
Q

serum and urine tests

A

measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in blood (serum) and urine as indicators of endocrine function

220
Q

thyroid scan

A

looks for nodules on thyroid

221
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

222
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

223
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

224
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

225
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

226
Q

thyroid gland

A

gland in the neck on either side of the trachea

227
Q

thymus gland

A

gland in the middle of the chest

228
Q

parathyroid gland

A

four glands behind the thyroid gland

229
Q

adrenal glands (location)

A

above the kidneys

230
Q

thyroidadenitis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland

231
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of the ovary

232
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of an undescended testicle

233
Q

thymoma

A

tumor of the thymus gland

234
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

increased secretion of the parathyroid gland

235
Q

adrenopathy

A

disease of the adrenal glands

236
Q

hypophyseal

A

pertaining to the pituitary gland

237
Q

cervico

A

cervix

238
Q

colpo

A

vagina

239
Q

hystero

A

uterus

240
Q

mammo

A

breast

241
Q

masto

A

breast

242
Q

metrio

A

uterus

243
Q

o/o

A

egg

244
Q

salpingo

A

fallopian tube

245
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual flow

246
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

247
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

pregnancy that is not in the uterus usually occurring in the fallopian tube

248
Q

endometriosis

A

tissue from the inner lining of the uterus

249
Q

fibroids

A

benign tumors in the uterus.

250
Q

leiomyoma

A

LEI/O means smooth (benign tumors in the tumor)

251
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive discharge of blood from the uterus during menstruation

252
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease

A

inflammation in the pelvic region

253
Q

saplingitis

A

pelvic inflammatory disease (in fallopes)

254
Q

amniocentisis

A

surgical puncture of the amniotic sac for chromosomal analysis

255
Q

conization

A

removal of the coneshaped section of the cervix for biopsy

256
Q

pregnancy test measures

A

human chorionic gonadotropin

257
Q

cauterization

A

the use of heat to destroy abnormal tissue

258
Q

cryosurgery

A

cold temperatures to freeze and destroy tissue

259
Q

myomectomy

A

the surgical removal of fibroid (myoma) tissue from the uterus.

260
Q

CS

A

c section

261
Q

D & C

A

dilation and cutterage

262
Q

DUB

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding (not associated with menses)

263
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

264
Q

IVF

A

in vitro fertilization

265
Q

TAH-BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral saplingo-oophorectomy (uterus, fallopes, ovaries removed)

266
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor of glandular cells

267
Q

cardiology

A

study of the heart

268
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head. cephalic presentation refers to a fetal position in which the head of the fetus appears at the uterine cervix as the infant is born.

269
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain. It controls thought processes, hearing, speech, vision, and body movements

270
Q

cystoscope

A

instrument used to view the urinary bladder

271
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

272
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

273
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electricity in the heart

274
Q

prognosis

A

prediction as to the outcome of an illness or treatment.

275
Q

diagnosis

A

complete knowledge of patient’s condition

276
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells

277
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver. viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by at least three viruses.

278
Q

neutrophil

A

a phagocytic white blood cell with one nucleus

279
Q

basophil

A

a white blood cell having a two lobed nucleus

280
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

281
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

282
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of bones and joints. Osteoarthritis is a disease of older people and is marked by stiffness, pain, and degeneration of joints.

283
Q

pathologist

A

Specialist in the study of disease using microscopic examination of tissues and cells and autopsy examination.

284
Q

psychosis

A

abnormal condition of the mind; a serious mental disorder that involves loss of normal perception of reality.

285
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in a joint

286
Q

leukemia

A

increase in malignant (cancerous) white blood cells in blood and bone marrow

287
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdomen. A small incision in made near the navel, and an instrument (endoscopy) is inserted in view abdominal organs

288
Q

anemia

A

deficiency of hemoglobin and or in number of red blood cells which results in reduced oxygen to body cells.

289
Q

hyperglycemia

A

higher than normal levels of sugar in the blood

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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