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Medical Terminology > Medical terminology test #2 > Flashcards

Medical terminology test #2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)

A

respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult. symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)

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2
Q

adenoiditis

A

inflammation of the adenoids

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3
Q

alveolitis

A

inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental)

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4
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lungs)

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5
Q

asphyxia

A

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

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6
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks

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7
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilation of the bronchi

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8
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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9
Q

bronchogenic carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus (also referred to as lung cancer)

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10
Q

bronchopneumonia

A

diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (an inflammation of the lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles)

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11
Q

bronchospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the bronchi

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12
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components of COPD. most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking

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13
Q

coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

A

respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset; the disease course can range from mild to severe with the possibility of ARDS and multisystem organ failure

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14
Q

coccidioidomycosis

A

fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever)

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15
Q

croup

A

condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterised by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. it may be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children (also called larygotracheobrochitis)

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16
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterised by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms

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17
Q

deviated septum

A

one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum

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18
Q

diaphragmatocele

A
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19
Q

emphysema

A

loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. as a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen. (component of COPD)

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20
Q

diphtheria

A

serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. it causes a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx, which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. it is rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination against the disease

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21
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

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22
Q

epistaxis

A
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23
Q

hemothorax

A
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24
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

A
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25
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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26
Q

influenza

A

highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract

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27
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasmodic contraction of the larynx

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28
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A

inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is call a croup

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29
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lungs(infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)

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30
Q

nasopharyngitis

A

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

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31
Q

pertussis

A

highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, followed by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop. it mainly affects infants too young to be vaccinated and adults whose immunity to the vaccine has faded (also called whooping cough)

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32
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure.

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33
Q

pharyngitis

A
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34
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma

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35
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

is the general name given for chronic inflammatory disease of the lung caused by excessive inhalation of mineral dust. when the disease is caused by a specific dust, it is named for the dust. ex: the disease caused by silica dust is called silicosis.

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36
Q

pneumonia

A

diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus and haemophilus; viruses; and fungi

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37
Q

pneumonitis

A

inflammation of the lungs

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38
Q

pneumothorax

A

air in the chest cavity (specifically, the pleural cavity, which causes collapse of the lung and is often a result of an open chest wound)

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39
Q

pulmonary edema

A

fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure

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40
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common cause of pulmonary embolism

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41
Q

pulmonary neoplasm

A

pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth(tumor)

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42
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the chest cavity (pleural cavity) (also called empyema)

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43
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)

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44
Q

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of fungus in the nose

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45
Q

rhinorryhagia

A

excessive bleeding from the nose (also called epistaxis)

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46
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinuses

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47
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the tonsils

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48
Q

tracheitis

A

inflammation of the trachea

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49
Q

tracheostenosis

A

narrowing of the trachea

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50
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs

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51
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

infection of the nasal cavity, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)

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52
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the adenoids

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53
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchus

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54
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the larynx

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55
Q

laryngoplasty

A

surgical repair of the larynx

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56
Q

larynogostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the larynx

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57
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of a lobe (of the lung)

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58
Q

laryngotracheotracheotomy

A

incision into the larynx and trachea

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58
Q

pleurodesis

A

fusion of the pleura (procedure to remove the space between layers lining the lung; prevents the build up of fluid such as water, blood, or pus)

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59
Q

pneumonectomy

A

excision of a lung

60
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracocentesis)

61
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose

62
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of the (nasal) septum

63
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision into a sinus

64
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision into the chest cavity

65
Q

tonsilectomy

A

excision of the tonsils

66
Q

tracheoplasty

A

surgical repair of the trachea

67
Q

tracheostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the trachea

68
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision into the trachea

69
Q

acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)

A

test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis

70
Q

arterial blood gas (ABG)

A

test performed on arterial blood to dertermine levels of oxygen (O2) carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH (acidity)

71
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body which are abnormal and that suggest abnormalities or disease; used for assessing an diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, arteries, and abdomen

72
Q

bronchoscoope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi

73
Q

bronchoscopy

A

visual examination of the bronchi

74
Q

capnometer

A

instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)

75
Q

chest radiograph (CXR)

A

radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)

76
Q

chest computed tomography (CT) scan

A

computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion

77
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

78
Q

endosopy

A

visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)

79
Q

endoscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity

80
Q

laryngoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the larynx

81
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx

82
Q

lung ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q scan)

A

two nuclear scan tests, one to measure air flow throughout the (ventilation), and one to measure circulation to all areas of the lungs (perfusion). A V/Q scan is used most often to help diagnose or rule out a pulmonary embolism (PE)

83
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinum

84
Q

oximeter

A

instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)

85
Q

peak flow meter (PFM)

A

portable instrument used to measure air flow early in forced exhalation; helps monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly

86
Q

percussion

A

the act of tapping of a body surface to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. a dull sound where normally a hollow sound would be elicited indicated displacement of air by fluid or solid waste in a body space or cavity such as in a potential pleural space

87
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

process of recording many (test) during sleep (performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea) tests include electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry

88
Q

PPD skin test

A

test performed on individuals who may have been exposed to tuberculosis PPD(purified protein derivative) of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. positive test indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis

89
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

groups of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD for asthma. some tests involve the use of a spirometer

90
Q

pulse oximetry

A

non-invasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip

91
Q

spirometer

A

instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)

92
Q

spirometry

A

a measurement of breathing (or air flow)

93
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement

94
Q

thoracoscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity

95
Q

thoracoscopy

A

visual examination of the chest cavity

96
Q

acapnia

A

condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)

97
Q

airway

A

passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the passageway unobstructed

98
Q

alveolar

A

pertaining to the alveolus

99
Q

anoxia

A

condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen

100
Q

aphonia

A

condition of absence of voice

101
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

102
Q

aspirate

A

to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract

103
Q

bronchoalveolar

A

pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli

103
Q

bronchoconstrictor

A

agent causing narrowing of the bronchi

104
Q

bronhodilator

A

agent causing the bronchi to widen

105
Q

crackles

A

discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling of cellophane; often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis (also called rales)

106
Q

diaphragmatic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm

107
Q

dysphonia

A

condition of difficult speaking (voice)

108
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

109
Q

effusion

A

escape of fluid into tissue or body cavity

110
Q

endotracheal

A

pertaining to within the trachea

111
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

112
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing of blood (or blood-stained sputum)

113
Q

hypercapnia

A

condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)

114
Q

hyperpnea

A

excessive breathing

115
Q

hyperventilation

A

ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body’s gas exchange needs

116
Q

hypocapnia

A

condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)

117
Q

hypopnea

A

excessive breathing

118
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficient oxygen in the blood

119
Q

hypoxia

A

condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)

120
Q

intrapleural

A

pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)

121
Q

larygeal

A

pertaining to the larynx

122
Q

mediastinal

A

pertaining to the mediastinum

123
Q

mucoid

A

resembling mucus

124
Q

mucopurulent

A

containing both mucus and pus

125
Q

mucous

A

pertaining to mucus

126
Q

nasopharyngeal

A

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

127
Q

nebulizer

A

device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment

128
Q

nosocomial

A

an infection acquired during hospitalization

129
Q

othopnea

A

breathing (more easily) in a straight (upright position) (indicates difficulty breathing in the supine position)

130
Q

paroxysm

A

periodic, sudden attack

131
Q

patent

A

open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi (can be applied to any tubular passageway int eh body as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood)

132
Q

pulmonary

A

study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)

133
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung

134
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose (as in a cold)

135
Q

rhonchi

A

low pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways

136
Q

septal

A

pertaining to the septum

137
Q

sputum

A

mucus from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth

138
Q

stridor

A

harsh, high pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicated an acute laryngeal obstruction

139
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

140
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

141
Q

ventilator

A

mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing

142
Q

wheeze

A

whistling noise with a high pitch, caused by air flowing through narrowed airways. commonly associated with asthma and chronic bronchitis

143
Q
A
143
Q
A
144
Q
A
145
Q
A

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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