Medical terminology test #2 Flashcards
1
Q
acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)
A
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult. symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)
2
Q
adenoiditis
A
inflammation of the adenoids
3
Q
alveolitis
A
inflammation of the alveoli (pulmonary or dental)
4
Q
atelectasis
A
incomplete expansion (of the lung or portion of the lungs)
5
Q
asphyxia
A
deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation
6
Q
asthma
A
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
7
Q
bronchiectasis
A
dilation of the bronchi
8
Q
bronchitis
A
inflammation of the bronchi
9
Q
bronchogenic carcinoma
A
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus (also referred to as lung cancer)
10
Q
bronchopneumonia
A
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (an inflammation of the lungs that begins in the terminal bronchioles)
11
Q
bronchospasm
A
spasmodic contraction of the bronchi
12
Q
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A
progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components of COPD. most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking
13
Q
coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
A
respiratory infection caused by a virus with symptoms that include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and digestive upset; the disease course can range from mild to severe with the possibility of ARDS and multisystem organ failure
14
Q
coccidioidomycosis
A
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever)
15
Q
croup
A
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterised by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. it may be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children (also called larygotracheobrochitis)
16
Q
cystic fibrosis (CF)
A
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterised by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
17
Q
deviated septum
A
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
18
Q
diaphragmatocele
A
19
Q
emphysema
A
loss of elasticity of the alveoli resulting in distention causing stretching of the lung. as a result, the body does not receive enough oxygen. (component of COPD)
20
Q
diphtheria
A
serious bacterial infection affecting the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. it causes a thick, gray sheet covering the pharynx, which can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. it is rare in developed countries due to widespread vaccination against the disease
21
Q
epiglottitis
A
inflammation of the epiglottis
22
Q
epistaxis
A
23
Q
hemothorax
A
24
Q
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
A
25
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
26
influenza
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
27
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
28
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is call a croup
29
Lobar pneumonia
pertaining to the lobe(s); diseased state of the lungs(infection of one or more lobes of the lungs)
30
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
31
pertussis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by a severe hacking cough, followed by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop. it mainly affects infants too young to be vaccinated and adults whose immunity to the vaccine has faded (also called whooping cough)
32
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure.
33
pharyngitis
34
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural cavity caused by a disease process or trauma
35
pneumoconiosis
is the general name given for chronic inflammatory disease of the lung caused by excessive inhalation of mineral dust. when the disease is caused by a specific dust, it is named for the dust. ex: the disease caused by silica dust is called silicosis.
36
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung (the infection and inflammation are caused by bacteria such as pneumococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus and haemophilus; viruses; and fungi
37
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs
38
pneumothorax
air in the chest cavity (specifically, the pleural cavity, which causes collapse of the lung and is often a result of an open chest wound)
39
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
40
pulmonary embolism (PE)
matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common cause of pulmonary embolism
41
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to (in) the lung, new growth(tumor)
42
pyothorax
pus in the chest cavity (pleural cavity) (also called empyema)
43
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose (mucous membranes)
44
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
45
rhinorryhagia
excessive bleeding from the nose (also called epistaxis)
46
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses
47
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
48
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
49
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
50
tuberculosis (TB)
infectious bacterial disease, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs; may spread to other organs
51
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, or larynx usually caused by a virus (commonly called a cold)
52
adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
53
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
54
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
55
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
56
larynogostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the larynx
57
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
58
laryngotracheotracheotomy
incision into the larynx and trachea
58
pleurodesis
fusion of the pleura (procedure to remove the space between layers lining the lung; prevents the build up of fluid such as water, blood, or pus)
59
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
60
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity (also called thoracocentesis)
61
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
62
septoplasty
surgical repair of the (nasal) septum
63
sinusotomy
incision into a sinus
64
thoracotomy
incision into the chest cavity
65
tonsilectomy
excision of the tonsils
66
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
67
tracheostomy
creation of an artificial opening into the trachea
68
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
69
acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)
test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis
70
arterial blood gas (ABG)
test performed on arterial blood to dertermine levels of oxygen (O2) carbon dioxide (CO2) and pH (acidity)
71
auscultation
the act of listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body which are abnormal and that suggest abnormalities or disease; used for assessing an diagnosing conditions of the lungs, pleura, heart, arteries, and abdomen
72
bronchoscoope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
73
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
74
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide (levels in expired gas)
75
chest radiograph (CXR)
radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)
76
chest computed tomography (CT) scan
computerized radiographic images of the chest performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion
77
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)
78
endosopy
visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity)
79
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within (a hollow organ or body cavity
80
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
81
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
82
lung ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q scan)
two nuclear scan tests, one to measure air flow throughout the (ventilation), and one to measure circulation to all areas of the lungs (perfusion). A V/Q scan is used most often to help diagnose or rule out a pulmonary embolism (PE)
83
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinum
84
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen (saturation in the blood)
85
peak flow meter (PFM)
portable instrument used to measure air flow early in forced exhalation; helps monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly
86
percussion
the act of tapping of a body surface to determine the density of the part beneath by the sound obtained. a dull sound where normally a hollow sound would be elicited indicated displacement of air by fluid or solid waste in a body space or cavity such as in a potential pleural space
87
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording many (test) during sleep (performed to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea) tests include electrooculography, electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography, air flow monitoring, and oximetry
88
PPD skin test
test performed on individuals who may have been exposed to tuberculosis PPD(purified protein derivative) of the tuberculin bacillus is injected intradermally. positive test indicate previous exposure, not necessarily active tuberculosis
89
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
groups of tests performed to measure breathing capacity and used to determine external respiratory function; when abnormal, they are useful in distinguishing COPD for asthma. some tests involve the use of a spirometer
90
pulse oximetry
non-invasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the fingertip
91
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volumes)
92
spirometry
a measurement of breathing (or air flow)
93
stethoscope
instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
94
thoracoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the chest cavity
95
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest cavity
96
acapnia
condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)
97
airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the passageway unobstructed
98
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
99
anoxia
condition of absence (deficiency) of oxygen
100
aphonia
condition of absence of voice
101
apnea
absence of breathing
102
aspirate
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
103
bronchoalveolar
pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli
103
bronchoconstrictor
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
104
bronhodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
105
crackles
discontinuous sounds heard primarily with a stethoscope during inspiration that resemble the sound of the rustling of cellophane; often heard at the base of the lung posteriorly in heart failure, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis (also called rales)
106
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
107
dysphonia
condition of difficult speaking (voice)
108
dyspnea
difficult breathing
109
effusion
escape of fluid into tissue or body cavity
110
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
111
eupnea
normal breathing
112
hemoptysis
coughing of blood (or blood-stained sputum)
113
hypercapnia
condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)
114
hyperpnea
excessive breathing
115
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs that does not fulfill the body's gas exchange needs
116
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)
117
hypopnea
excessive breathing
118
hypoxemia
deficient oxygen in the blood
119
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxygen (to the tissues)
120
intrapleural
pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)
121
larygeal
pertaining to the larynx
122
mediastinal
pertaining to the mediastinum
123
mucoid
resembling mucus
124
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
125
mucous
pertaining to mucus
126
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
127
nebulizer
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
128
nosocomial
an infection acquired during hospitalization
129
othopnea
breathing (more easily) in a straight (upright position) (indicates difficulty breathing in the supine position)
130
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
131
patent
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi (can be applied to any tubular passageway int eh body as in a patent artery, allowing passage of blood)
132
pulmonary
study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)
133
pulmonologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
134
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
135
rhonchi
low pitched, with a snoring quality, breath sounds heard with a stethoscope suggesting secretions in the large airways
136
septal
pertaining to the septum
137
sputum
mucus from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
138
stridor
harsh, high pitched breath sound heard on inspiration; indicated an acute laryngeal obstruction
139
tachypnea
rapid breathing
140
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
141
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
142
wheeze
whistling noise with a high pitch, caused by air flowing through narrowed airways. commonly associated with asthma and chronic bronchitis
143
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