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Medical Terminology > Medical terminology test #1 > Flashcards

Medical terminology test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Terms built from word parts

A

Majority of terms in use today are from parts of the Greek and Latin language

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2
Q

Eponyms

A

are terms derived from a name or place.
ex: west Nile vires named after the 1st geographical location it was identified

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3
Q

Acronyms

A

are terms formed from the first letter of a phrase.
ex: such as laser(light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

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4
Q

Modern language

A

refers to terms from the English language, which are often descriptive of technology and procedures
ex: nuclear medicine scanner

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5
Q

Terms NOT built from word Parts

A

(cannot be easily translated to find their meanings)

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6
Q

4 word parts

A

most medical terms categorized as built from word parts consist of some or all of the following components:
1)word root
2)suffix
3)prefix
4)combining vowel

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7
Q

word root

A

is the CORE of the word. the word root contains the fundamental meaning of the word.
ex: in the word=play/er
play is the word root
in the medical term: arthr/itis
arthr(which means joint) is
the word root
in the medical term: hepat/itis
hepat(which means liver)
is the word root
*the word root is the core of the word. All medical terms have at least one word root

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8
Q

Suffix

A

is a word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning
ex: in the word- play/er
er is the suffix
in the medical term:hepat/ic
ic (which means
pertaining to) is the suffix
and hepat is the word
root for liver; therefore,
hepatic means pertaining
to the liver
in the medical term: hepat/itis
itis(which means
inflammation) is the
suffix. the medical term
hepatits means
inflammation of the liver
the suffix si used to modify the meaning of a word. Most medical terms have a suffix.
*suffixes frequently indicate:
*procedures: such as scopy, meaning visual examination, or tomy, meaning incision
*conditions: such as itis, meaning inflammation
*diseases: such as oma, meaning tumor.

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9
Q

Prefix

A

is a word attached to the beginning of as word root to modify its meaning.
ex: in the word: re/play
re-is the prefix
the medical term: sub/hepat/ic
sub-(which means under)
is the prefix, hepat is the
word root for liver, and -ic
is the suffix for pertaining
to. the medical term
subhepatic means
pertaining to under the
liver.
the medical term: intra/ven//ous
intra-(which means
within) is the prefix, ven
(which means vein) is the
word root, and -ous(which
means pertaining to) is
the suffix. the medical
term intravenous means
pertaining to within the
vein
*a prefix can be used to modify the meaning of a word. Many medical terms do not have a prefix.
*prefixes often indicate:
-number: such as bi- meaning 2
-position: such as sub- meaning under
-direction: such as intra-meaning within
-time: such as brady-meaning slow
-negation: such as a- meaning without

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10
Q

Combing vowels

A

is a word part, usually an 0,used to ease pronunciation
*the combining vowel is:
-placed to connect 2 word roots
-placed to connect a word root and a suffix
-NOT placed to connect a prefix and a word root
ex: the medical term:
oste/o/arthr/itis, 0 is the
combining vowel used
between 2 word roots
oste(which means bone)
and arthr (which means
joint)
the medical term: arthr/o/pathy:
0 is the combining vowel
used between the word
root arthr and the suffix
-pathy (which means
disease)
the medical term: sub/hepat/ic
the combining vowel is
not used between the
prefix sub- (which means
under) and the word
root hepat (which means
liver)
*the combining vowel is used to ease pronunciation; therefore, not all medical terms have combining vowels.

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11
Q

Vowels

A

are speech sounds represented by the letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y

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12
Q

Guideline 1

A

connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel is used if the suffix does not begin with a vowel.
ex: the medical term:
arthr/o/pathy
the suffix -pathy does
not begin with a vowel;
therefore, a combining
vowel is used

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13
Q

guideline 2

A

when connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins with a vowel
*ex: the medical term: hepat/ic
the suffix -ic begins
with the vowel i;
therefore, a
combining bowel is
not used.

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14
Q

guideline 3

A

when connecting 2 word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction
ex: medical term:
oste/o/arthr/itis
o is the combining
vowel used, even
though the word root
oste ends with the
vowel e, and the word
root arthr begins with
the vowel a.

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15
Q

guideline 4

A

when connecting a prefix and a word root, a combining vowel is not used.
ex: medical term: sub/hepat/ic
the combining bowel is not used between the prefix sub- and the word root hepat

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15
Q

combining form

A

word root with a combining vowel attached, separated with a slash

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16
Q

learning medical terms built from word parts

A

*analyzing, defining, and building medical terms are used in this text to learn medical terms categorized as built from word parts.

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17
Q

analyzing medical terms

A

to analyze a medical term, divide it into word parts, and label each word part and each combining form.
1) divide the term into word part with slashes.
ex: oste/o/arthr/o/pathy
2)Label each word part by using the following abbreviations
WR=word root
P=prefix
S=suffix
CV=combining word
ex: WR /CV/WR/CV/S
oste/o/ arthr/o/pathy
3)Identify each combining form by underlining the word root and combining vowel, and then writing the abbreviation CF below the combining form.
ex: WR/ CV/WR/ CV/ S
oste/o/arthr/o/pathy
CF CF

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18
Q

cytogenic

A

producing cells

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19
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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20
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development

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21
Q

epithelial

A

pertaining to epithelium

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22
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cells

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23
Q

erythrocytosis

A

increase in the number of red blood cells

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24
histology
study of tissue
25
hyperplasia
excessive development (number of cells)
26
hypoplasia
incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)
27
leukocyte(WBC)
white blood cells
28
leukocytosis
increase in the number of white blood cells
29
organomegaly
enlargement of an organ
30
somatic
pertaining to the body
31
somatogenic
originating in the body (organic as opposed to originating in the mind)
32
systemic
pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)
33
visceral
pertaining to the internal organs
34
adenocarcinoma
cancerous tumor of glandular tissue
35
adenoma
tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)
36
benign
not malignant, good for recovery
37
biological therapy
treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM)
38
carcinoma
cancerous tumor (malignant)
39
carcinoma in situ
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
40
chemotherapy (chemo)
treatment of cancer with drugs
41
encapsulated
enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated
42
epithelioma
tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)
43
fibroma
tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) (benign)
44
fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)
45
hospice
provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families. Usually offered to those who have a prognosis of approximately 6 months or less
46
leiomyoma
tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)
47
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth muscle
48
lipoma
tumor composed of fat (benign tumor)
49
liposarcoma
malignant tumor of fat
50
malignant
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
51
melanocarcinoma
cancerous black tumor (malignant)
52
melanoma
black tumor (primarily of the skin)
53
myoma
tumor composed of muscle (benign)
54
metastasis (pl, metastases)
beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)
55
neoplasm
new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant)
56
neuroma
tumor composed of nerve (benign)
57
palliative
providing relief but not cure. symptom management is provided to relieve the suffering in all stages of disease, and is not limited to care at the end of life
58
radiation therapy (XRT)
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy)
59
remission
improvement or absence of signs of disease.
60
rhabdomyoma
tumor composed of striated muscle (benign
61
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of striated muscle
62
sarcoma
tumor of connective tissue ( such as bone or cartilage; highly malignant
63
afebrile
without fever
64
bacteria
single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue.
65
cancerous
pertaining to cancer
66
carinogen
substance that causes cancer
67
carcinogenic
producing cancer
68
carcinoid
resembling cancer
69
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)
70
diagnosis (Dx)
state of complete knowledge ( the art of identifying a disease based on the patients signs, symptoms, and test results)
71
erythema
redness
72
etiology
study of causes (of diseases)
73
exacerbation
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
74
febrile
having a fever
75
fungus
organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from it's surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding: multi-celled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation
76
iatrogenic
produced by a doctor (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a doctor)
77
idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
78
inflammation
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
79
infection
invasion of pathogens in body tissue.
80
microorganism
a form of life that is too small to be seen without a microscope; includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses
81
morbidity
state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population
82
mortality
state of being mortal (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population
83
oncogenic
84
oncologist
doctor who studies and treats (malignant) tumors
85
oncology
study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors)
86
pathogenic
producing disease
87
pathologist
physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)
88
pathology
study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death)
89
prognosis (Px)
state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease based on the patient's signs, symptoms, and test results)
90
virus (pl. viruses)
minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; that may cause infection by invading body tissue
91
xanthosis
92
anterior (ant)
pertaining to the front
93
anteroposterior
pertaining to the front and to the back
94
bilateral
pertaining to two sides
95
caudad
toward the tail (or the inferior portion of the trunk; downward)
96
caudal
pertaining to the tail (synonymous with inferior in human anatomy when specifying location on the trunk of the body)
97
cephalad)
toward the head (upward)
98
cephalic
pertaining to the head
99
distal
pertaining to away (from the body part)
100
dorsal
pertaining to the back
101
inferior (inf)
pertaining to below
102
lateral (lat)
pertaining to the side
103
medial (med)
pertaining to the middle
104
mediolateral
pertaining to the middle and to the side
105
posterior
pertaining to the back
106
posteroanterior (PA)
pertaining to the back and to the front
107
proximal
pertaining to near (to the point of attachment of a body part)
108
superior (sup)
pertaining to above
109
unilateral
pertaining to one side (only)
110
ventral
pertaining to the belly (front)
111
axial plane
horizontal plane dividing the body into superior in inferior portions (also called transverse plane)
112
coronal plane
vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions (called frontal plane)
113
midsagittal plane
vertical plane passing through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves
114
parasagittal plane
vertical plane passing through the body from front to back, dividing the body into unequal left and right sides
115
sagittal
vertical plane passing through the body from front and back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane)
116
fowler position
semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees
117
lateral recumbent position
lying on the side; right and left precede the term to indicate the patient's side
118
lithotomy position
lying on the back with legs raised and feet in stirrups, hips and knees flexed, and thighs abducted (away from body) and externally rotated
119
orthopnea position
sitting upright in a chair or in bed supported by pillows behind the back. sometimes the patient tilts forward, resting on a pillow supported by an overbed table.(also called orthopneic position)
120
prone position
lying down on abdomen, facing downward; head may be turned to one side; also called ventral recumbent position
121
recumbent position
lying down in any position (also called decubitus position)
122
sims position
lying on side in a semi-prone position with the knee drawn up toward the chest and the arm drawn behind parallel to the back. right and left precede the term to indicate the patient's right or left side
123
supine position
lying on back, facing upward (also called dorsal recumbent position)
124
Trendelenburg position
lying on the back with the body tilted so that the head is lower than the feet
125
computed tomography (CT)
imaging modality that combines x-rays with computer technology to produce detailed, cross sectional images of the body, called "slices"
126
fluoroscopy
imaging of moving body structures, like an x-ray beam is passed through the body part being studied, than the image is transmitted to a monitor in real time so that movement can be seen in detail.
127
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
high strength, computer-controlled magnetic field producing a series of sectional images (slices) that visualize abnormalities such as swelling, infections, tumors, and herniated disks
128
nuclear medicine (NM)
imaging of internal structures by using a gamma camera to detect radiation from different parts of the body after a radioactive material (radioisotope has been given to the patient)
129
radiograph
record of x-ray
130
radiography
process of recording x-rays
131
radiologist
doctor who specializes in x-rays (specifically the diagnosis and treatment of disease using medical imaging such as x-rays, computed tomography (CT) and others
132
radiology
study of x-rays (a branch of medicine concerned with the study and application of imaging technology, including x-rays and others)
133
scan
image obtained from diagnostic imaging procedures using sensing devices and (most often) radioisotopes
134
sonogram
record of sound
135
sonography
process of recording sound (also called ultrasonography (US)
136
tomography
process of recording slices (anatomical cross sections)
137
abrasion
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
138
acne
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
139
actinic keratosis
precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. it may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma
140
albinism
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin, hair, and eyes
141
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; it seldom metastasizes but invades local tissue and may recure in the same location. common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure
142
candidiasis
infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans. candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS)
143
carbuncle
infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of cluster of boils(furuncles, see below) cause by staphylococcal bacteria
144
cellulitis
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling
145
contusion
injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (also called a bruise)
146
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
147
dermatofibroma
fibrous tumor of the skin
148
eczema
non-infectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
149
fissure
slit or cracklike sore in the skin
150
furuncle
painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (also called a boil)
151
gangrene
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis)
152
hidradenitis
inflammation of a sweat gland
153
herpes
inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. many types of herps exist. herpes simplex virus type 1,
154
impetigo
superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
155
Kaposi sarcoma
cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS
156
keloid
overgrowth of scar tissue
157
keratosis
abnormal condition (growth) of horny tissue (keratin)
158
laceration
torn, ragged-edged wound
159
measles
highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, runny nose, cough, and a spreading skin rash. it is potentially disastrous disease which can lead to pneumonia, severe bleeding, brain infections (which may cause seizures, developmental delay or chronic brain disease), and sometimes leads to death
160
MRSA infection
invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics. it can produce skin and soft tissue infections an sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated.
161
onychocryptosis
abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)
162
onychomalacia
softening of the nails
163
onychomycosis
abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails
164
onychophagia
eating the nails (nail biting)
165
pachyderma
thickening of the skin
166
paronychia
diseased state around the nail
167
pediculosis
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
168
pilonidal cyst
abnormal pocket in the skin that contains hair and skin debris. it is frequently located near the tail bone, at the top of the cleft of the buttocks. if it becomes infected, it can be severely painful and may require surgery
169
pressure injury
damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients; the injury, which may be painful, can present as intact skin or an open ulcer (also called pressure ulcer and bedsore)
170
psoriasis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
171
rosacea
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years
172
scabies
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. this condition is accompanied by sever itching
173
scleroderma
hard skin (chronic hardening or induration of the connective tissue of the skin and other organs)
174
seborrhea
discharge of sebum (excessive)
175
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; it invades local tissue and may metastasize. while most commonly appearing on the skin, SCC can occur in other parts of the body including the mouth, lips, and genitals. the most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight
176
systemic lupus erythema-tosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. this autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations it also may affect of other organs
177
tinea
fungal infection of the skin. the fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails infections are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body) and tinea pedis (foot) tinea in general is also called ringworm and tinea pedis specifically is also called athletes foot
178
urticaria
itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sized sand shapes. urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, meds, or other agent. (also called hives)
179
vitiligo
white patches on the skin cause by the destruction of melanocytes
180
xanthoma
yellow tumor (benign, primarily in the skin)
181
xeroderma
dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)
182
cauterization
destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)
183
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen
184
debridement
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
185
dermabrasion
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper
186
dermatoplasty
surgical repair of the skin
187
excision
removal by cutting
188
incision
surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
189
incision and drainage (I&D)
surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity
190
laser surgery
procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporized or destroy tissue
191
Mohs surgery
technique of microscopically controlled serial envisions of a skin cancer
192
rhytidectomy
excision of wrinkles (also called a facelift)
193
skin graft
skin transplanted to replace a lost portion of the body skin surface; it may be a full-thickness or split-thickness graft
194
suturing
to stitch edges of a wound surgically
195
abscess
localized collection of pus, bacteria, and other material; can occur in the skin (cutaneous abscess) or other locations within the body (internal abscess)
196
alopecia
loss of hair; there are multiple types with various causes, including androgenic, areata, and traction
197
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
198
cyst
closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material; can occur in the skin (cutaneous cyst) or other location within the body
199
dermatologist
physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)
200
dermatology (derm)
study of the skin (branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases)
201
diaphoresis
sweating
202
ecchymosis (pl, ecchymoses)
large (greater than 1 cm) flat, blue-purple lesion caused by escape of blood into deeper areas of the skin, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein
203
edema
puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
204
epidermal
pertaining to upon the skin
205
erythroderma
red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)
206
hypertrichosis
abnormal condition of excessive hair (growth) (also called hirsutism)
207
hypodermic
pertaining to under the skin
208
induration
abnormal hard spots or area of skin; may include underlying tissue
209
intradermal (ID)
pertaining to within the skin
210
jaundice
condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera (whites of eyes)caused by the presence of bile (also called icterus)
211
keratogenic
producing horny tissue
212
lesion
any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease . it is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors
213
leukoderma
white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)
214
leukoplakia
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membranes, which may be precancerous
215
macule
flat, colored spot on the skin
216
nevus (pl. nevi)
circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored. a congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark: (also called a mole)
217
nodule
small, knot like mass that can be felt by touch
218
pallor
paleness
219
papule
small, solid skin elevation
220
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
221
petechiae (s, petechia)
tiny (0.3 cm or smaller), pinpoint, bright red lesions that result from escape of blood into eh skin and mucous membranes
222
pruritus
itching
223
purpura
small (between 0.3 cm and 1 cm), reddish purple-lesion caused by escape of blood into skin and mucus membranes
224
pustule
elevation of skin containing pus
225
subcutaneous (sub cut)
pertaining to under the skin
226
subungual
pertaining to under the nail
227
staphylococcus (pl. staphylococci) (staph)
berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (these bacteria cause many skin diseases)
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streptococcus (pl, streptococci) (strep)
berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains
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transdermal (TD)
pertaining to through the skin
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ulcer
erosion of the skin or mucous membrane
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ungual
pertaining to the nail
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verruca
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus (also called wart)
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vesicle
small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (also called blisters)
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wheal
transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion
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xanthoderma
yellow skin
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xerosis
abnormal condition of dryness (of skin, eye, or mouth)
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Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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