Medical Terminology Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Amplitude
A
(or intensity) how loud or soft a sound is
2
Q
Duration
A
the length of time a note lingers
3
Q
Ophthalmoscope
A
an instrument that illuminates the internal eye structures, enabling the examiner to look through the pupil at the fundus (background) of the eye
4
Q
Otoscope
A
an instrument that illuminates the ear canal, enabling the examiner to look at the ear canal and tympanic membrane
5
Q
Pitch
A
(or frequency) the number of vibrations (or cycles) per second of a note
6
Q
Quality
A
(or timbre) a subjective difference in a sound as a result of the sounds distinctive overtones
7
Q
Auscultatory gap
A
a brief period when Korokoff sounds disappear during auscultation of blood pressure; common with hypertension
8
Q
Bradycardia
A
heart rate fewer than 50 to 60 beats per minute in adult
9
Q
Sphygmomanometer
A
instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure
10
Q
Tachycardia
A
hear rate greater than 95 beats per minute in the adult
11
Q
Alopecia
A
baldness; hair loss
12
Q
Annular
A
circular shape to skin lesion
13
Q
Bulla
A
elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm in diameter
14
Q
Confulent
A
skin lesions that run together
15
Q
Crust
A
thick, dried-out exudate left on skin when vesicles or pustules burst or dry up
16
Q
Cyanosis
A
dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes as a result of increased amount of nonoxygenated hemoglobin
17
Q
Erosion
A
scooped-out, shallow depression in skin
18
Q
Erythema
A
intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation
19
Q
Excoriation
A
self-indicated abrasion on skin due to scratching
20
Q
Fissure
A
linear crack in skin extending into dermis
21
Q
Furuncle
A
boil; suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infect hair follicle
22
Q
Hemangioma
A
skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
23
Q
Iris
A
target shape of skin lesion
24
Q
Juandice
A
yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood
25
Keloid
hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury
26
Lichenification
tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin; caused by prolonged intense scratching
27
Lipoma
benign fatty tumor
28
Maceration
softening of tissue by soaking
29
Macule
flat skin lesion with only a color change
30
Nevus
mole; circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
31
Nodule
elevated skin lesion larger than 1 cm diameter
32
Pallor
excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
33
Papule
palpable skin lesion smaller than 1 cm in diameter
34
Plaque (skin)
skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together
35
Pruritus
itching
36
Purpura
red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
37
Pustule
elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid
38
Scale
compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells
39
Telangiectasia
skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
40
Ulcer
sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis
41
Vesicle
elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm in diameter
42
Zosteriform
linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route
43
Bruit
blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope over an area of abnormal blood flow
44
Dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
45
Goiter
increase in size of thyroid gland that occurs with hyperthyrodism
46
Lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm
47
Macrocephalic
refers to abnormally large head
48
Microcephalic
refers to abnormally small head
49
Normocephalic
refers to round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size
50
Toricollis
head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
51
Vertigo
illusory sensation of either the room or one's own body spinning; not the same as dizziness
52
Accommodation
adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens
53
Anisocoria
unequal pupil size
54
Arcus senilis
gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common with aging
55
Argyll Robertson pupil
pupil does not react to light; does constrict with accommodation
56
A-V crossing
crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus
57
Bitemporal hemianopsia
loss of both temporal visual fields
58
Blepharitis
inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids
59
Cataract
opacity of the lens of the eye that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision
60
Chalazion
infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland, showing as a beady nodule on the eyelid
61
Conjunctivitis
infection of the conjunctiva "pinkeye"
62
Cotton wool area
abnormal soft exudates visible as gray-white areas on the ocular fundus
63
Cup-to-disc ratio
ratio of the width of the physiologic cup to the width of the optic disc, normally half or less
64
Diopter
unit of strength of the lens setting on the ophthalmoscope that changes focus on the eye structure
65
Diplopia
double vision
66
Drusen
benign deposits on the ocular fundus that shows as round yellow dots and occur commonly with aging
67
Ectropion
lower eyelid loose and rolling outward
68
Entripion
lower eyelid rolling inward
69
Exophthalmos
protruding eyeballs
70
Foeva
area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus
71
Glaucoma
a group of eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure
72
Hordeolum
(stye) red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin
73
Lid lag
abnormal white rim of sclera visible between the upper eyelid and the iris when a person moves the eyes downward
74
Macula
round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision only from the central visual field
75
Microaneurysm
abnormal finding of round red dots on the ocular fundus thare are localized dilations of small vessels
76
Miosis
constricted pupils
77
Mydriasis
dilated pupils
78
Myopia
nearsighted; refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision
79
Nystagmus
involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
80
Optic atropy
pallor of the optic disc due to partial or complete death of the optic nerve
81
Papilledema
stasis of blood flow out of the ocular fundus; sign of icnreased intracranial pressure
82
Presbyopia
decrease in power of accommodation that occurs with aging
83
Pterygium
triangular opaque tissue on the nasal side of the conjunctiva that grows toward the center of the cornea
84
Annulus
outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum
85
Atresia
congenital absence or closure of ear canal
86
Cerumen
yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal
87
Cochlea
inner ear structure containing central hearing apparatus
88
Eustachian tube
connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and allows passage of air
89
Helix
superior posterior free rim of the pinna
90
Incus
"anvil"; middle of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
91
Malleus
"hammer"; first of the 3 ossibles of the middle ear
92
Mastoid
bony prominence of the skull located just behind the ear
93
Organ of Corti
sensory organ of hearing
94
Otalgia
pain in the ear
95
Otitis externa
inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal
96
Otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane
97
Otorrhea
discharge from the ear
98
Pars flaccida
small, slack, superior section of tympanic membrane
99
Pinna
auricle, or outer ear
100
Stapes
"stirrup"; inner of the 3 ossicles of the middle ear
101
Tinnitus
ringing in ears
102
Tympanic membrane
"eardrum"; thin translucent, oval membrane that stretches across the ear canal and separates the middle ear from the outer ear
103
Umbo
knob of malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane
104
Vertigo
a spinning, twirling question
105
Aphthous ulcers
"canker sores", small, painful, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
106
Buccal
pertaining to the cheek
107
Candidiasis
(moniliasis) white, cheesy, crudlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
108
Caries
decay in teeth
109
Cheilitis
red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of mouth
110
Choanal atresia
closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
111
Crypts
indentations on surface of tonsils
112
Epistaxis
nosebleed, usually from anterior septum
113
Epulis
nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
114
Fordyce granules
small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
115
Gingivitis
red, swollen gum margins that bleed easily
116
Herpes simplex
"Cold sores"; clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually a lip-skin infection
117
Koplik spots
small, blue-white spots with red halo over the oral mucosa; early sign of measles
118
Leukoplakia
chalky, white, thick raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerous
119
Malocclusion
upper or lower dental arches out of alignment
120
Papillae
rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue
121
Parotid glands
pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears
122
Pharyngitis
inflammation of throat
123
Plaque
soft, whitish debris on teeth
124
Polyp
smooth, pale gray nodules in the nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis
125
Rhinitis
red, swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa
126
Thrush
oral candidiasis in the newborn
127
Turbinate
one of 3 bony projections into nasal cavity
128
Uvula
free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
129
Discrete
distinct, individual lesions that remain separate
| e.g. acrochordon or skin tags, acne
130
gyrate
twisted, coiled spiral, snakelike lesions
131
linear
a scratch, streak, line, or stripe
132
Grouped
clusters of lesions
133
Target
resembles iris of eyes, concentric rings of color in lesions
134
Polycyclic
annular lesions grow together
135
Patch
macules that are larger than 1cm
136
Tumor
larger than few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft deeper into dermis; may be benign or maglignant,
137
Wheal
superficial raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema
138
Urticaria (hives)
wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic
139
Cyst
encapuslated fluid-filled cavity in dermis subcutaneous layer, tensely elevating skin
140
Scar
after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost and replaced with connective tissue (collagen)
141
Atrophic scar
the resulting skin level is depressed with loss of tissue; a thinning of the epidermis ex. striae
142
Pressure ulcer
Injury to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin.
143
Pattern injury
is a bruise or wound whose shape suggests the instrument or weapon that caused it
144
Hematoma
is a bruise you can feel
145
Port-Wine stain (Nevus Fammeus)
a large, flat, mascular patch covering the scalp or face, frequently along the distribution of cranial nerve V
146
Strawberry Mark (Immature Hemangioma)
a raised bright red area with well-defined borders about 2 to 3 cm in diameter
147
Cavernous Hemangioma (mature)
a reddish-blue, irregular shaped, solid and spongy mass of blood vessels. May be present at birth, may enlarge during first 10 months
148
Spider or Star Angioma
a fiery red, star-shaped marking with a solid circular center
149
venous lake
a blue-purple dilation of venules and capillaries in a star-shaped, linear, or flaring pattern
150
petechiae
tiny punctate hemorrhages, t to 3 mm, round and discrete; dark red, purple, or brown color. Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries
151
Ecchymosis
a purplish patch resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin, >3 mm in diameter
152
Diaper Dermatitis
red, moist, maculopapular patch with poorly defined borders in diaper area, extending along inguinal and gluteal folds
153
Impetigo
moist, thin-roofed vesicles with, thin, erthematous base. Rupture to form thick, honey colored crust. Highly contagious bacterial infection of skin
154
Intertigo (Candidiasis)
scalding red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales. Usually in genital area extending along inguinal and gluteal folds
155
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
erythematous papules and vesicles, with weeping, oozing, and crusts. Lesions usually on scalp, forehead, cheeks, forearms, and wrists, elbows, backs of knees
156
Measles (Rubeola)
appears behind ears and spreads over face and then over neck, trunk, arms and legs; look coppery; characterized by Koplik spots
157
German Measles (Rubella)
pink, papular rash (similar to measles but paler) first appears on face, then spreads; no Koplik spots
158
Chickenpox (Varicella)
small, tight vesicles first appear on trunk and spread to face, arms, and legs (not palms or sores) Vesicles erupt in succeeding crops over several days; they become pustules and then crusts
159
Primary contact dermatitis
local inflammatory reaction to an irritant in the environment or an allergy
160
Allergic drug reaction
erythematous and symmetric rash, usually generalized
161
Tinea Corporis (Ringworm of the body)
scales--hyperpigmented in whites, depigmented in dark skinned people; on chest, abdomen, back of arms forming multiple circular lesions with clear centers
162
Tinea Pedis (Ringworn of the foot)
athletes foot, a fungal infection, first appears as small vesicles between toes, on sides of feet, and on soles; grows scaly and hard
163
Labial Herpes Simplex (cold sores)
infection has prodrome of skin tingling and sensitivity. lesion then erupts with tight vesicles followed by pustules and produces actuegingivostomatits with ulcers
164
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
small, grouped vesciles emerge along route of cutaneous sensory nerve, then pustules, then cursts. Caused by the varicella zoster virus, a reactivation of the dormant virus of chickenpox
165
Tinea versicolor
fine, scaling, round patches of pink, tan, or white that do not tan in sunlight, caused by a superficial fungal infection.
166
Erythema Migrans of Lyme Disease
firs stage - distinctive bulls eye
167
Psoriasis
scaly, erythematous patch, with silvery scales on top
168
Basal cell carcinoma
usually starts as skin-colored papule with a pearly translucent top and overlying telangiectasia. Then develops rounded, pearly borders with central red ulcer
169
Squamous cell carcinoma
squamous cell cancers arise from actinic keratoses or de novo. Erythematous caly patch with sharp margins, 1cm or more. Develops central ulcer, areas exposed to UV radiation
170
Toxic alopecia
patchy, asymmetric balding that accompanies severe illness or use of chemotherapy in which growing hairs are lost and resting hairs are spared
171
Tinea Capitis (Scalp ringworm)
rounded, patchy hair loss on scalp, leaving broken off hairs, pustules, and scales on skin; caused by fungal infection
172
Alopecia areata
sudden appearance of sharply circumscribed, round or oval balding patch, usually with smooth, soft, hairless skin underneath
173
Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle cap)
thick, yellow to white, greasy, adherent scales with mild erthyema on scalp and forehead; very common in early infancy
174
Follicultis ( razor bumps )
superficial inflammatory infection of hair follicles. usually involves face and neck. Occurs after shaving when the hairs curl in on themselves and pierce the skin
175
Pediculosis Capitis (head lice)
history includes intense itching of the scalp, especially the occiput
176
Trichotillomania
traumatic self induced hair loss usually the result of compulsive twisting or plucking
177
Hirustism
excess body hair in females forming a male sexual pattern; caused by endocrine or metabolic dysfunction, or occasionally is idiopathic
178
Scabies
an intensely pruritic contagion caused by the scabies mite
179
Paronchia
red, swollen, tender inflammation of the nail folds. Acute paronchyia is usually a bacterial infection with pus in the proximal nail fold
180
Beau line
transverse furrow or grove. A depression across the nail that extends down to the nail bed. Occurs with any trauma that temporarily impairs nail formation
181
Splinter hemorrhages
Red-brown linear streaks from damage to nail bed capillaries. They occur with systemic diseases
182
Onychomycosis
This is a slow, persistent fungal infection of fingernails or toenails. Fungus causes change in color, texture, and thickness, with nail crumbling or breaking and loosening of the bail plate
183
Late clubbing
inner edges of nail elevates; nail bed angle is greater than 180 degrees. may result from, increased platelet derived growth factor. Diseases that disrupt normal pulmonary circulation
184
Pitting
sharply defined pitting and crumbling of nails with distal detachment often occurs with psoriasis
185
Habit tic dystrophy
depression down middle of nail or multiple horizontal ridges, caused by continuous picking of cuticle by another finger
186
Pseudostrabismus
has the appearance of strabismus because of epicanthic fold
187
Strabismus
is true dysparity of the eye axis
188
Periorbital edema
lids are swollen and puffy
189
Exophthalmos (protruding eyes)
is a forward displacement of the eyeballs and widened palpebral fissures
190
Enophthalmos (Suken eyes)
eyelids are recessed
191
Ptosis
drooping upper lid; occurs from neuromusclar weakness
192
Upward Palpebral Slant
large spacing between the eyes
193
Ectropion
the lower lid is loose and rolling out,
194
Entropion
the lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissue contracting
195
Belpharitis
inflammation of the eyelids; red, scaly, greasy flakes and thickened, crusted lid margins
196
Chalazion
A bead nodule protruding on the lid, is an infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland
197
Hordeolum
stye, is an acute localized staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles at the lid margin
198
Dacryocystitis
is infection and blockage of sac and duct
199
Basal cell carcinoma
is most often on the lower lip and presents as a small, painless nodule with central ulceration and sharp,rolled, out pearly edges
200
Conjuctivitis
infection of the conjunctiva (pink eye)
201
Iritis
circumcorneal redness; there is a deep, dull red halo around the iris and cornea
202
Primary angle-closure glacucoma
acute narrow angle glaucoma shows circumcorneal redness around the iris, with a dilated pupil
203
Central Gray Opacity (Nuclear Cataract)
nuclear cataract shows an opaque gray surrounded by a black background as it forms in the center of the lens nucleus
