Medical Terminology- DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND GENERAL TERMS Flashcards
adhesión (ad-HEE-zhuhn)
scar tissue that forms around the fascia of the muscle resulting in difficult movement and stretching of the muscle
amyotrophic (AY-MY-uh
a progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy and eventually leads to death; also called Lou Gehrig disease.
TRAHF-ik or AY-MY-uh
an inflammatory condition of the spinal column that causes gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae
TROH-fik) lateral sclerosis (skle-ROH-sis)
a progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy and eventually leads to death; also called Lou Gehrig disease.
ankylosing spondylitis (ANG ki-LOH-zing spahn-di-LYT-is)
an inflammatory condition of the spinal column that causes gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae
arthralgia (ar-THRAL-jee-uh or ar-THRAL-juh)
pain in a joint
arthritis (ar-THRYT-is)
inflammation of the joints
ataxia (uh-TAK-see-uh or
the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscle tissue
ay-TAK-see-uh)
a condition of defective coordination of muscle movements; may be related to a neurological dis order or injury
atrophy (AT-ruh-fee)
the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weaken ing of muscle tissue
bradykinesia (BRAYD-ee-ki NEE-shuh or BRAYD-ee-ki NEE-zhee-uh)
slow movement
bursitis (bur-SYT-is)
inflammation of the bursa (the fluid-filled cavity around a joint)
carpal (KAR-puhl) tunnel syndrome
a condition in which compression of the median nerve and finger flexor tendons causes pain, numbness, or tingling in the hand
chondroma (kahn-DROH-muh)
a tumor of the cartilage
chondromalacia (KAHN
a tumor of the cartilage
droh-muh-LAY-shee-uh or KAHN-droh-muh-LAY-shuh)
abnormal softening of cartilage
closed fracture
a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin; also called a simple fracture
Colles (KAH-leez or KAH-luhs) fracture
a fracture in the lower end of the radius (a bone that sits between the wrist and elbow joint)
comminuted (kahm-i-NYOOT ed) fracture
a fracture in which the bone splinters or shatters into small pieces
compartment syndrome
the painful swelling or overgrowth of muscle tis sue within the limits of the fascia (compartment) that encloses it
compound fracture
a fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin; also called an open fracture
compression fracture
a fracture caused by pressure along the verte bral column; may be caused by trauma or by osteoporosis
contracture (kuhn-TRAK-chur)
an abnormal shortening of muscle fibers and ten dons, resulting in difficulty stretching the muscle
crepitation (krep-i-TAY-shun)
a clicking or grating noise that is the result of bones or cartilage rubbing together
dislocation
an injury that occurs when a bone is displaced from its normal position in a joint
dyskinesia (dis-ki-NEE-shuh or dis-ki-NEE-zhee-uh)
movement that is impaired, painful, or difficult, as in Parkinson disease
dystrophy (DIS-truh-fee)
a general term for degeneration of tissue
Ewing (YOO-ing) sarcoma
a malignant tumor of a long bone (such as the thigh) or soft tissue; also called Ewing tumor
exostosis (EK-sahs-TOH-sis)
an outward overgrowth from a bony prominence; also called a bone spur
fibromyalgia (FY-broh-my-AL jee-uh or FY-broh-my-AL-juh)
a condition of unknown cause that results in chronic pain in muscles and in the soft tissue sur rounding joints; may also cause fatigue
ganglion (GANG-glee-ahn) cyst
a benign cyst that develops on a tendon, often in the wrists, hands, ankles, or feet
gout (gowt)
a condition caused by the painful buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints
greenstick fracture
a partial fracture common in young children due to the softer structure of their bones
hemiparesis (hem-ee-puh REE-sis)
weakness of one side (half) of the body
hemiplegia (hem-ee-PLEE jee-uh)
paralysis of one side (half) of the body
herniated (HUR-nee-ayt-ed) disk
a condition in which the soft tissue between two vertebrae ruptures into the spinal canal
hyperkinesia (HY-pur-ki-NEE shuh or HY-pur-ki-NEE-zhee uh)
abnormally increased muscle movement
hypertrophy (hy-PUR-truh-fee)
excessive development of part of the body (e.g., heart muscle)
impacted fracture
a fracture in which the bone fragments are pushed into each other
intercostal (in-tur-KAHS-tuhl)
between two ribs
intervertebral (in-tur-VUR-tuh bruhl or in-tur-vur-TEE-bruhl)
between two vertebrae
intramuscular
an injection route in which medication is adminis tered in the muscle, usually the upper arm, thigh, or hip
kinesiology (kuh-NEE-see-AHL uh-jee or kuh-NEE-zee-AHL-uh jee)
the study of body movement
kyphosis (ky-FOH-sis)
a condition in which the thoracic spine has an in creased posterior curvature
lateral epicondylitis (EP-i-kahn duh-LY-tis)
inflammation around the lateral condyle (joint prominence) of the elbow; also called tennis elbow
lordosis (lor-DOH-sis)
a condition in which the lumbar spine has an in creased anterior curvature
Lyme disease
a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdor feri that results from a bite from an infected tick; causes a variety of symptoms such as muscle aches, joint pain, headache, and fatigue
muscular dystrophy
a progressive, inherited disease that causes a gradual wasting away of muscle, weakness, and deformity
myalgia (my-AL-jee-uh or my-AL-juh)
muscle pain
myasthenia gravis (my-uhs THEE-nee-uh GRAH-vis or GRA-vis)
a progressive autoimmune disease that causes se vere muscle fatigue and weakness (gravis is a Latin term for grave or serious)
myositis (my-oh-SY-tis)
inflammation of a muscle
oblique (oh-BLEEK) fracture
a fracture that causes a slanted break that curves along the bone
orthopedics (or-thoh-PEE-diks)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions
orthopedist (or-thoh-PEE-dist)
a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats musculoskeletal conditions
osteoarthritis (AHS-tee-oh-ar THRY-tis)
a common, progressive type of arthritis that causes inflammation and degeneration of joints and bones
osteochondritis (AHS-tee-oh kahn-DRYT-is)
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
osteomalacia (AHS-tee
oh-muh-LAY-shee-uh or
AHS-tee-oh-muh-LAY-shuh)
a condition in which the bones of adults lose their rigidity and soften; called rickets in children
osteomyelitis (AHS-tee-oh MY-uh-LYT-is)
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow usu ally caused by bacterial infection
osteonecrosis (AHS-tee-oh-ne KROH-sis)
the death of bone tissue, usually due to lack of blood flow
osteopathy (ahs-tee-AHP uh-thee)
a general term for disease of the bone; also a medical specialty that originally emphasized the therapeutic benefits of manipulating the muscu loskeletal system and now emphasizes holistic patient care
osteopenia (AHS-tee-oh-PEE nee-uh)
an abnormal decrease in bone mineral density
osteoporosis (AHS-tee-oh-puh ROH-sis)
a condition in which bones become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily
osteosarcoma (AHS-tee-oh-sar KOH-muh)
a bone cancer that begins in the long bones; the most common type of bone cancer; also called osteogenic sarcoma
Paget disease of bone (PA-jet)
a chronic disorder that causes bone destruction and deformities
paraplegia (pair-uh-PLEE-jee-uh or pair-uh-PLEE-juh)
paralysis of the lower body and both legs
pathologic (path-uh-LAHJ-ik) fracture
a fracture that is related to underlying disease (e.g., osteoporosis)
plantar fasciitis (PLANT-uhr fas-ee-YT-is [or fash-ee-YT-is])
painful inflammation of the fascia attaching the heel to the sole of the foot
podiatrist (poh-DY-uh-trist)
a healthcare professional who diagnoses and treats conditions of the foot
podiatry (poh-DY-uh-tree)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the foot
quadriplegia (kwawd-ruh PLEE-jee-uh)
paralysis of all four limbs
rhabdomyolysis (RAB-doh-my AHL-uh-sis)
the destruction of skeletal muscle tissue and the release of tissue breakdown products into the bloodstream; can lead to kidney failure
rhabdomyosarcoma (RAB-doh my-oh-sar-KOH-muh)
a type of cancer affecting skeletal muscle tissue
rheumatoid arthritis (ROO muh-toyd ar-THRYT-is)
an autoimmune form of arthritis in which joints become red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities
rheumatologist (roo-muh TAHL-uh-jist)
a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats condi tions of the connective tissue and joints
rheumatology (roo-muh-TAHL uh-jee)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and treatment of conditions of the connective tissue and joints
rickets (RIK-its)
a bone deformity that most often results from vi tamin D deficiency in children; bowing of the legs is prominent
sarcopenia (sar-koh-PEEN ee-uh)
loss of muscle mass that commonly occurs with aging
scoliosis (skoh-lee-OH-sis)
an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
spinal stenosis (ste-NOH-sis)
an abnormal narrowing of the spinal column, causing back pain that may move down the legs
spiral fracture
a fracture that spirals around the bone shaft; com monly seen with twisting injuries
spondylarthritis or spondyloar thritis (SPAHN-dil-ar-THRYT-is or SPAHN-di-loh-ar-THRYT-is)
inflammation of the joints of the vertebrae; spinal arthritis
sprain
an injury caused by damage to ligaments, or the bands that connect bones
strain
an injury caused by damage to tendons or muscles
stress fracture
a thin fracture that results from repetitive impact (e.g., from running)
subluxation (suhb-luhk-SAY shun)
an incomplete dislocation, which causes inter rupted joint alignment
synovitis (sin-oh-VY-tis)
inflammation of a synovial membrane (the mem brane lining a joint capsule)
talipes (TAL-i-peez)
a congenital disorder that results in misalignment of the foot and ankle joints; also called clubfoot
tendinitis or tendonitis (ten-di NYT-is)
inflammation of a tendon
transverse fracture
a fracture that is straight across the bone in a horizontal line
