Medical Terminology Chs. 6-8 Flashcards
1
Q
musculoskeletal system
A
provides protection, support, movement for body
2
Q
hematopoiesis
A
production of blood cells in bone marrow
3
Q
bone functions
A
formation of blood cells; storage of fat in bone marrow; storage and release of minerals
4
Q
musculoskeletal
A
pertaining to muscles / skeletons
5
Q
muscular system
A
all types of muscle
6
Q
skeletal system
A
bones, cartilage
7
Q
orthopedics
A
prevention / correction of deformities and diseases of musculoskeletal system
8
Q
bone marrow
A
soft tissue, fills cavities in bone
9
Q
red marrow
A
forms erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
10
Q
crani/o
A
cranium / skull
11
Q
cost/o
A
costa / rib
12
Q
stern/o
A
sternum / breastbone
13
Q
rachi/o, spin/o
A
spine / backbone / spinal bones
14
Q
spondyl/o, vertebr/o
A
vertebrae
15
Q
cervic/o
A
cervical
16
Q
thorac/o
A
thoracic
17
Q
lumb/o
A
lumbar
18
Q
sacr/o
A
sacrum
19
Q
coccyg/o
A
coccyx vertebrae (tailbone)
20
Q
clavicul/o
A
clavicle / collarbone
21
Q
scapul/o
A
scapula / shoulder blade
22
Q
humer/o
A
humerus / upper arm bone
23
Q
radi/o
A
radius / bone in forearm
24
Q
uln/o
A
ulna / bone in forearm
25
carp/o
carpals / wrist bones
26
metacarp/o
metacarpals / bones in hand
27
phalang/o
phalanges / bones in fingers and toes
28
ili/o
ilium / pelvic bone
29
ischi/o
ischium / pelvic bone
30
pub/o
pubis / pelvic bone
31
femor/o
femur / thigh bone
32
patell/o
patella / kneecap
33
fibul/o
fibula / lower leg bone
34
tibi/o
tibia / lower leg bone
35
tars/o
tarsals / hindfoot bones
36
calcane/o
calcaneus / heel bone
37
metatars/o
metatarsals / bones of feet
38
osteoid
resembling bone
39
calcification
process where organic tissue is hardened via calcium deposits
40
rachiodynia / rachialgia
painful spine
41
spondylitis
inflammation of vertebra
42
cerebrospinal fluid
clear, colorless liquid that circulates through brain and spinal canal
43
intervertebral
two adjoining vertebrae
44
lumbago
dull, aching pain in lower back
45
thoracolumbar region
inferior thoracic vertebrae and superior lumbar vertebrae
46
sacrum
fusion of five sacral bones in adult
47
coccyx
fusion of four coccygeal bones at base of spinal column
48
thorax
upper part of trunk; contains organs of respiration, circulation
49
thoracic cage
bony framework around organs / chest tissues
50
sternocostal
sternum and ribs
51
vertebrocostal
rib and vertebra
52
sternoclavicular
sternum and clavicle
53
pelvis
basin-like structure composed of sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle (bones)
54
humeroscapular
humerus and scapula
55
carpus
wrist; eight small bones called carpals
56
carpal tunnel syndrome
symptoms resulting from pressure on median nerve in carpal tunnel; pain, burning, tingling in fingers / hand
57
carpophalangeal
wrist and bones of fingers
58
phalangitis
inflammation of fingers and toes
59
femoral
pertaining to the femur
60
patellofemoral
patella (kneecap) and femur
61
tibialgia
pain in the tibia
62
tarsus
ankle; seven bones
63
articul/o
joint
64
ankyl/o
stiff
65
arthr/o
articulation, joint
66
-asthenia
weakness
67
burs/o
bursa
68
calc/i
calcium
69
cellul/o
little cell / compartment
70
chondr/o
cartilage
71
de-
down / from / reversing
72
meta-
change / next in series
73
-sarcoma
malignant tumor in connective tissue
74
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tendon
75
cartilage
dense connective tissue; elastic, but strong and can withstand pressure
usually replaced by bone while embryo matures
76
chondral
pertaining to cartilage
77
visceral / involuntary muscle
smooth muscle in internal organs
78
fascia
fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles
79
tendons
bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones
80
articulation / joint
point of union between two or more bones
81
nonarticular
not pertaining to a joint
82
synovial joints
joints with cavities between articulating bones; covered with cartilage and a membrane
83
bursae
sacs of fluid in areas of friction (especially joints); help to lubricate movement
84
extension
straightening of limb
85
flexion
bending of limb
86
rotation
movement of bone around its own axis
87
circumduction
circular movement of limb at far end
88
ligaments
strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones / cartilage, support / strengthen joints
89
fibromyalgia
widespread nonarticular pain in torso, extremities, face
90
myofibrosis
tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue
91
myasthenia gravis
fatigue and muscle weakness because of defect in conduction of nerve impulses
92
dislocation
displacement of bone from joint
93
fracture
breaking of bone, usually from sudden injury
94
simple fracture
bone is broken but does not puncture skin surface
95
compound fracture
bone is broken and is visible through opening in skin
96
sprain
injury to joint that causes pain / disability
97
strain
excessive use of a part of body to extent of injury / trauma
98
myocele
condition where muscle protrudes through fascial covering
99
tendinitis / tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
100
herniated disk
when vertebrae become diseased and rupture, pressing on spinal cord and causing pain
101
paraplegia
paralysis of lower portion of body + both legs
102
quadriplegia / tetraplegia
paralysis of arms and legs
103
paresis
motor weakness / partial paralysis
104
paraparesis
partial paralysis of lower limbs
105
quadriparesis / tetraparesis
paralysis of all four extremities
106
cellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of subcutaneous tissues
myocellulitis involves muscle
107
osteitis
inflammation of bone
108
osteomyelitis
infection of bone and bone marrow, caused by microorganisms
109
osteochondritis
inflammation of bone and cartilage
110
myelitis
inflammation of spinal cord / bone marrow
111
myelofibrosis
replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue
112
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone / bone marrow
113
myeloencephalitis
inflammation of brain and spinal cord
114
chondrosarcoma
tumor composed of cartilage
115
fibrosarcoma
malignant tumor containing fibrous tissue
116
leukemias
chronic / acute diseases of blood-forming tissue
117
multiple myeloma
disease characterized by presence of tumor masses in bone, bone marrow
118
osteoporosis
metabolic disease; reduced bone mass leads to fractures and pain in lower back
119
osteitis deformans
skeletal disease in elderly; chronic bone inflammation
120
osteomalacia
reversible skeletal disorder; defect in mineralization of bone
121
spondylomalacia
softening of vertebrae
122
spina bifida
congenital abnormality; defective closure of spinal bones
123
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
124
kyphosis
humpback / hunchback
exaggerated curvature of spine from front to back
125
muscular dystrophy
inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle, and progressive disability
126
craniocele
hernial protrusion of brain
127
tarsoptosis
flattening of arch of foot
128
arthritis
inflammation of joints; pain, swelling, redness, limitation of movement
129
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease; one or many joints undergo changes, particularly loss of cartilage
130
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic disease that results in joint deformities, particularly in hands / feet
131
ankylosis
joint is immobile and stiff
132
polyarthritis
inflammation of more than one joint
133
arthralgia / arthrodynia
painful joint
134
bursitis
inflammation of bursa
135
lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease involving connective tissue; causes rash
136
gout
metabolic disease in form of acute arthritis
137
arthroscopy
visualization of interior of jiont using arthroscope
138
arthrotomy
incision of joint
139
arthropathy
disease of any joint
140
reduction
pulling broken fragments of bone into alignment
141
antiosteoporotics
medicines used to treat osteoporosis
142
vertebroplasty
procedure used to treat vertebral fractures (substance injected into vertebra to stabilize it)
143
bunionectomy
excision of bunion
144
osteoectomy
excision of bone or portion of bone
145
costectomy
excision of rib
146
craniotomy
incision into skull
147
tendoplasty
surgical repair of tendons
148
tenomyoplasty
surgical repair of tendons and muscles
149
laminectomy
surgical removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to remove herniated disk
150
diskectomy
excision of intervertebral disk
151
myelogram
radiographic studies of spine
152
myelosuppresion
cancer treatment of bone marrow
153
circulatory system
cardiovascular system (heart + blood vessels) and lymphatic system (conveyance of lymph fluid)
154
arteries
channels that allow blood to leave heart
155
arterioles
branches off of arteries
156
capillaries
branches off of arterioles; walls that are one-cell thick
157
venules
let blood flow out of capillaries
158
veins
receive blood from venules and put back into heart
159
venae cavae
largest veins in body
160
atrial
atrium of heart
161
ventricular
ventricle of heart
162
atrioventricular valves
valves between atria and ventricles
163
tricuspid valve
atrioventricular valve on right side
164
bicuspid / mitral valve
atrioventricular valve on left side
165
cuspid
small flaps that make up atrioventricular valves
166
aorta
artery by which blood leaves heart
167
semilunar
half-moon appearance of pulmonary (blood --> lungs) and aortic (blood --> aorta) valves
168
pericardium
sac made of double membrane
169
visceral pericardium / epicardium
innermost layer of pericardium
170
endocardium
membrane that forms lining of inside of heart
171
myocardium
heart muscle itself
172
coronary
encircling (coronary arteries encircle heart)
173
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
174
aort/o
aorta
175
arter/o, arteri/o
artery
176
arteriol/o
arteriole
177
ather/o
yellow fatty plaque
178
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
179
venul/o
venule
180
cardiomyopathy
primary disease of heart muscle
181
myocarditis
inflammation of heart
182
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardium
183
electrocardiogram
measure taken to monitor electrical currents of heart muscle
184
echocardiography
use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease
185
cardiac catheterization
passage of long, flexible tube into heart chambers through vein in arm / leg / neck
186
angina pectoris
severe chest pain / constriction because of insufficient blood supply
187
arrhythmia
irregularity or loss of rhythm in heartbeat
188
asystole
absence of heartbeat
189
cardiomegaly
enlarged heart size
190
congenital heart defect
abnormality of heart that is present at birth
191
congestive heart failure
heart failure; weakness of body, breathlessness
192
coronary artery disease
abnormal condition affecting heart's arteries
193
coronary heart disease
heart damage because of insufficient oxygen
194
fibrillation
severe arrhythmia
195
heart murmur
soft blowing or rasping sound heard while checking heartbeat
196
hyperlipidemia
excessive lipids in blood
197
hypertension
elevated blood pressure
198
hypotension
low blood pressure
199
infarction
necrosis of localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply
200
occlusion
obstruction of artery
201
stenosis
narrowing of artery
202
myocardial ischemia
deficiency of blood supply to myocardium
203
septal defect
defect in wall separating left and ride sides of heart
204
shock
condition where blood flow to heart is reduced
205
vasodilation
increase in diameter of blood vessel
206
vasoconstriction
decrease in diameter of blood vessel
207
angiomas
tumors made of blood (hemangioma) or lymph (lymphangioma) vessels
208
aortography
radiography of aorta --> makes aortogram
209
angiocardiography
radiography of heart, blood vessels
210
arteriosclerosis
hardening of arteries
211
aneurysm
ballooning out of wall of vessel
212
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
blood vessels in brain become diseased / damaged
213
embolism
sudden blocking of artery or lymph vessel by foreign material (foreign material called embolus)
214
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
215
varicose veins
swollen, knotted veins that occur mostly in legs
216
hemorrhoids
masses of dilated varicose veins in anal canal
217
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to heart, lungs
218
cardiopulmonary bypass
method used to divert blood away from heart / lungs while surgery is performed
219
cardioversion
restoring heart's normal rhythm using electrical shock
220
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
method used to save heart and lung action if either stops
221
digoxin
drug prescribed to treat heart failure, arrhythmias
222
thromboembolic disorders
disorders pertaining to blood clots or embolisms
223
vasodilators
medications that cause dilation of blood vessels
224
antihypertensives
agents used to reduce high blood pressure
225
antilipidemic drugs
lower cholesterol levels in blood
226
angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
227
phlebectomy
surgical excision of vein
228
hemorrhoidectomy
surgical excision of hemorrhoid
229
lymph
fluid that escapes from blood in capillaries, is transported away from tissue
230
lymph nodes
small knots of tissue found at intervals along course of lymphatic vesses
231
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue
232
adenoid/o
adenoids
233
cervic/o
neck (or uterine cervix)
234
home/o
sameness
235
lymphat/o
lymphatics
236
splen/o
spleen
237
lymphoma
cancer of lymphatic system
238
lymphangitis
inflammation of lymphatic vessels
239
lymphedema
accumulation and swelling of lymph in tissue
240
elephantiasis
parasitic disease that shows excessive swelling through obstruction of lymph vessels
241
lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
242
