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Capstone: Healthcare 21 > Medical Terminology Chs. 6-8 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chs. 6-8 Flashcards

1
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

provides protection, support, movement for body

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2
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells in bone marrow

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3
Q

bone functions

A

formation of blood cells; storage of fat in bone marrow; storage and release of minerals

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4
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to muscles / skeletons

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5
Q

muscular system

A

all types of muscle

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6
Q

skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage

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7
Q

orthopedics

A

prevention / correction of deformities and diseases of musculoskeletal system

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8
Q

bone marrow

A

soft tissue, fills cavities in bone

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9
Q

red marrow

A

forms erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

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10
Q

crani/o

A

cranium / skull

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11
Q

cost/o

A

costa / rib

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12
Q

stern/o

A

sternum / breastbone

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13
Q

rachi/o, spin/o

A

spine / backbone / spinal bones

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14
Q

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

A

vertebrae

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15
Q

cervic/o

A

cervical

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16
Q

thorac/o

A

thoracic

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17
Q

lumb/o

A

lumbar

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18
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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19
Q

coccyg/o

A

coccyx vertebrae (tailbone)

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20
Q

clavicul/o

A

clavicle / collarbone

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21
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula / shoulder blade

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22
Q

humer/o

A

humerus / upper arm bone

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23
Q

radi/o

A

radius / bone in forearm

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24
Q

uln/o

A

ulna / bone in forearm

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25
Q

carp/o

A

carpals / wrist bones

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26
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals / bones in hand

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27
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges / bones in fingers and toes

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28
Q

ili/o

A

ilium / pelvic bone

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29
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium / pelvic bone

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30
Q

pub/o

A

pubis / pelvic bone

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31
Q

femor/o

A

femur / thigh bone

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32
Q

patell/o

A

patella / kneecap

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33
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula / lower leg bone

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34
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia / lower leg bone

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35
Q

tars/o

A

tarsals / hindfoot bones

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36
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus / heel bone

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37
Q

metatars/o

A

metatarsals / bones of feet

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38
Q

osteoid

A

resembling bone

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39
Q

calcification

A

process where organic tissue is hardened via calcium deposits

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40
Q

rachiodynia / rachialgia

A

painful spine

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41
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of vertebra

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42
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear, colorless liquid that circulates through brain and spinal canal

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43
Q

intervertebral

A

two adjoining vertebrae

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44
Q

lumbago

A

dull, aching pain in lower back

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45
Q

thoracolumbar region

A

inferior thoracic vertebrae and superior lumbar vertebrae

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46
Q

sacrum

A

fusion of five sacral bones in adult

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47
Q

coccyx

A

fusion of four coccygeal bones at base of spinal column

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48
Q

thorax

A

upper part of trunk; contains organs of respiration, circulation

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49
Q

thoracic cage

A

bony framework around organs / chest tissues

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50
Q

sternocostal

A

sternum and ribs

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51
Q

vertebrocostal

A

rib and vertebra

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52
Q

sternoclavicular

A

sternum and clavicle

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53
Q

pelvis

A

basin-like structure composed of sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic girdle (bones)

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54
Q

humeroscapular

A

humerus and scapula

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55
Q

carpus

A

wrist; eight small bones called carpals

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56
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

symptoms resulting from pressure on median nerve in carpal tunnel; pain, burning, tingling in fingers / hand

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57
Q

carpophalangeal

A

wrist and bones of fingers

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58
Q

phalangitis

A

inflammation of fingers and toes

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59
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

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60
Q

patellofemoral

A

patella (kneecap) and femur

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61
Q

tibialgia

A

pain in the tibia

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62
Q

tarsus

A

ankle; seven bones

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63
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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64
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff

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65
Q

arthr/o

A

articulation, joint

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66
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

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67
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

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68
Q

calc/i

A

calcium

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69
Q

cellul/o

A

little cell / compartment

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70
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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71
Q

de-

A

down / from / reversing

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72
Q

meta-

A

change / next in series

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73
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor in connective tissue

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74
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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75
Q

cartilage

A

dense connective tissue; elastic, but strong and can withstand pressure
usually replaced by bone while embryo matures

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76
Q

chondral

A

pertaining to cartilage

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77
Q

visceral / involuntary muscle

A

smooth muscle in internal organs

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78
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscles

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79
Q

tendons

A

bands of fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones

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80
Q

articulation / joint

A

point of union between two or more bones

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81
Q

nonarticular

A

not pertaining to a joint

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82
Q

synovial joints

A

joints with cavities between articulating bones; covered with cartilage and a membrane

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83
Q

bursae

A

sacs of fluid in areas of friction (especially joints); help to lubricate movement

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84
Q

extension

A

straightening of limb

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85
Q

flexion

A

bending of limb

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86
Q

rotation

A

movement of bone around its own axis

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87
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of limb at far end

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88
Q

ligaments

A

strong bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones / cartilage, support / strengthen joints

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89
Q

fibromyalgia

A

widespread nonarticular pain in torso, extremities, face

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90
Q

myofibrosis

A

tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue

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91
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

fatigue and muscle weakness because of defect in conduction of nerve impulses

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92
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of bone from joint

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93
Q

fracture

A

breaking of bone, usually from sudden injury

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94
Q

simple fracture

A

bone is broken but does not puncture skin surface

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95
Q

compound fracture

A

bone is broken and is visible through opening in skin

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96
Q

sprain

A

injury to joint that causes pain / disability

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97
Q

strain

A

excessive use of a part of body to extent of injury / trauma

98
Q

myocele

A

condition where muscle protrudes through fascial covering

99
Q

tendinitis / tendonitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

100
Q

herniated disk

A

when vertebrae become diseased and rupture, pressing on spinal cord and causing pain

101
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of lower portion of body + both legs

102
Q

quadriplegia / tetraplegia

A

paralysis of arms and legs

103
Q

paresis

A

motor weakness / partial paralysis

104
Q

paraparesis

A

partial paralysis of lower limbs

105
Q

quadriparesis / tetraparesis

A

paralysis of all four extremities

106
Q

cellulitis

A

acute, spreading inflammation of subcutaneous tissues
myocellulitis involves muscle

107
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of bone

108
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone and bone marrow, caused by microorganisms

109
Q

osteochondritis

A

inflammation of bone and cartilage

110
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of spinal cord / bone marrow

111
Q

myelofibrosis

A

replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue

112
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone / bone marrow

113
Q

myeloencephalitis

A

inflammation of brain and spinal cord

114
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

tumor composed of cartilage

115
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor containing fibrous tissue

116
Q

leukemias

A

chronic / acute diseases of blood-forming tissue

117
Q

multiple myeloma

A

disease characterized by presence of tumor masses in bone, bone marrow

118
Q

osteoporosis

A

metabolic disease; reduced bone mass leads to fractures and pain in lower back

119
Q

osteitis deformans

A

skeletal disease in elderly; chronic bone inflammation

120
Q

osteomalacia

A

reversible skeletal disorder; defect in mineralization of bone

121
Q

spondylomalacia

A

softening of vertebrae

122
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital abnormality; defective closure of spinal bones

123
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of spine

124
Q

kyphosis

A

humpback / hunchback
exaggerated curvature of spine from front to back

125
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle, and progressive disability

126
Q

craniocele

A

hernial protrusion of brain

127
Q

tarsoptosis

A

flattening of arch of foot

128
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of joints; pain, swelling, redness, limitation of movement

129
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative joint disease; one or many joints undergo changes, particularly loss of cartilage

130
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic disease that results in joint deformities, particularly in hands / feet

131
Q

ankylosis

A

joint is immobile and stiff

132
Q

polyarthritis

A

inflammation of more than one joint

133
Q

arthralgia / arthrodynia

A

painful joint

134
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursa

135
Q

lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease involving connective tissue; causes rash

136
Q

gout

A

metabolic disease in form of acute arthritis

137
Q

arthroscopy

A

visualization of interior of jiont using arthroscope

138
Q

arthrotomy

A

incision of joint

139
Q

arthropathy

A

disease of any joint

140
Q

reduction

A

pulling broken fragments of bone into alignment

141
Q

antiosteoporotics

A

medicines used to treat osteoporosis

142
Q

vertebroplasty

A

procedure used to treat vertebral fractures (substance injected into vertebra to stabilize it)

143
Q

bunionectomy

A

excision of bunion

144
Q

osteoectomy

A

excision of bone or portion of bone

145
Q

costectomy

A

excision of rib

146
Q

craniotomy

A

incision into skull

147
Q

tendoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendons

148
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of tendons and muscles

149
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to remove herniated disk

150
Q

diskectomy

A

excision of intervertebral disk

151
Q

myelogram

A

radiographic studies of spine

152
Q

myelosuppresion

A

cancer treatment of bone marrow

153
Q

circulatory system

A

cardiovascular system (heart + blood vessels) and lymphatic system (conveyance of lymph fluid)

154
Q

arteries

A

channels that allow blood to leave heart

155
Q

arterioles

A

branches off of arteries

156
Q

capillaries

A

branches off of arterioles; walls that are one-cell thick

157
Q

venules

A

let blood flow out of capillaries

158
Q

veins

A

receive blood from venules and put back into heart

159
Q

venae cavae

A

largest veins in body

160
Q

atrial

A

atrium of heart

161
Q

ventricular

A

ventricle of heart

162
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

valves between atria and ventricles

163
Q

tricuspid valve

A

atrioventricular valve on right side

164
Q

bicuspid / mitral valve

A

atrioventricular valve on left side

165
Q

cuspid

A

small flaps that make up atrioventricular valves

166
Q

aorta

A

artery by which blood leaves heart

167
Q

semilunar

A

half-moon appearance of pulmonary (blood –> lungs) and aortic (blood –> aorta) valves

168
Q

pericardium

A

sac made of double membrane

169
Q

visceral pericardium / epicardium

A

innermost layer of pericardium

170
Q

endocardium

A

membrane that forms lining of inside of heart

171
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle itself

172
Q

coronary

A

encircling (coronary arteries encircle heart)

173
Q

angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

174
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

175
Q

arter/o, arteri/o

A

artery

176
Q

arteriol/o

A

arteriole

177
Q

ather/o

A

yellow fatty plaque

178
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

179
Q

venul/o

A

venule

180
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

primary disease of heart muscle

181
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of heart

182
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium

183
Q

electrocardiogram

A

measure taken to monitor electrical currents of heart muscle

184
Q

echocardiography

A

use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease

185
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

passage of long, flexible tube into heart chambers through vein in arm / leg / neck

186
Q

angina pectoris

A

severe chest pain / constriction because of insufficient blood supply

187
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm in heartbeat

188
Q

asystole

A

absence of heartbeat

189
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart size

190
Q

congenital heart defect

A

abnormality of heart that is present at birth

191
Q

congestive heart failure

A

heart failure; weakness of body, breathlessness

192
Q

coronary artery disease

A

abnormal condition affecting heart’s arteries

193
Q

coronary heart disease

A

heart damage because of insufficient oxygen

194
Q

fibrillation

A

severe arrhythmia

195
Q

heart murmur

A

soft blowing or rasping sound heard while checking heartbeat

196
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive lipids in blood

197
Q

hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure

198
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

199
Q

infarction

A

necrosis of localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply

200
Q

occlusion

A

obstruction of artery

201
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of artery

202
Q

myocardial ischemia

A

deficiency of blood supply to myocardium

203
Q

septal defect

A

defect in wall separating left and ride sides of heart

204
Q

shock

A

condition where blood flow to heart is reduced

205
Q

vasodilation

A

increase in diameter of blood vessel

206
Q

vasoconstriction

A

decrease in diameter of blood vessel

207
Q

angiomas

A

tumors made of blood (hemangioma) or lymph (lymphangioma) vessels

208
Q

aortography

A

radiography of aorta –> makes aortogram

209
Q

angiocardiography

A

radiography of heart, blood vessels

210
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries

211
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning out of wall of vessel

212
Q

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

A

blood vessels in brain become diseased / damaged

213
Q

embolism

A

sudden blocking of artery or lymph vessel by foreign material (foreign material called embolus)

214
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

215
Q

varicose veins

A

swollen, knotted veins that occur mostly in legs

216
Q

hemorrhoids

A

masses of dilated varicose veins in anal canal

217
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

pertaining to heart, lungs

218
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

method used to divert blood away from heart / lungs while surgery is performed

219
Q

cardioversion

A

restoring heart’s normal rhythm using electrical shock

220
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

method used to save heart and lung action if either stops

221
Q

digoxin

A

drug prescribed to treat heart failure, arrhythmias

222
Q

thromboembolic disorders

A

disorders pertaining to blood clots or embolisms

223
Q

vasodilators

A

medications that cause dilation of blood vessels

224
Q

antihypertensives

A

agents used to reduce high blood pressure

225
Q

antilipidemic drugs

A

lower cholesterol levels in blood

226
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of blood vessels

227
Q

phlebectomy

A

surgical excision of vein

228
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

surgical excision of hemorrhoid

229
Q

lymph

A

fluid that escapes from blood in capillaries, is transported away from tissue

230
Q

lymph nodes

A

small knots of tissue found at intervals along course of lymphatic vesses

231
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphatic tissue

232
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

233
Q

cervic/o

A

neck (or uterine cervix)

234
Q

home/o

A

sameness

235
Q

lymphat/o

A

lymphatics

236
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

237
Q

lymphoma

A

cancer of lymphatic system

238
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatic vessels

239
Q

lymphedema

A

accumulation and swelling of lymph in tissue

240
Q

elephantiasis

A

parasitic disease that shows excessive swelling through obstruction of lymph vessels

241
Q

lymphadenitis

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

242
Q
A

Capstone: Healthcare 21 (3 decks)

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