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Capstone: Healthcare 21 > Medical Terminology Chs. 4-5 > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chs. 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation

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2
Q

prognosis

A

predicted outcome of a disease

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3
Q

acute

A

short, severe course

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4
Q

chronic

A

exists over long period of time

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5
Q

signs of disease

A

objective / definitive evidence of illness, observed by examiner

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6
Q

symptoms

A

subjective changes in feelings as reported by patient

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7
Q

specimen

A

small sample taken to represent nature of a whole

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8
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic expansion of artery as the heart beats
pulse rate = count of heartbeats per minute

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9
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within body / breathing

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10
Q

tympanic thermometer

A

measures temperature via external opening of ear canal

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11
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by blood on walls of arteries, veins, and chambers of heart

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12
Q

systolic pressure

A

maximum pressure on artery (top number)

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13
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure on artery when heart is relaxed (bottom number)

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14
Q

inspection

A

examiner’s use of eyes / ears to observe patient

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15
Q

palpation

A

examiner’s feeling of texture / size / location of body parts

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16
Q

percussion

A

examiner’s tapping of fingertips on body to evaluate size / location / borders of organs and fluids

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17
Q

auscultation

A

examiner’s listening of internal sounds of body (heart, lungs, etc.)

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18
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used for visualization of interior of body cavity / organ

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19
Q

endoscopy

A

visual inspection of body using endoscope

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20
Q

catheter

A

hollow tube inserted into body cavity to withdraw / instill fluids

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21
Q

catheterization

A

introduction of a catheter

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22
Q

invasive procedure

A

procedure that requires entry into a body cavity

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23
Q

computed radiography

A

image data from radiography is converted to electronic signals, displayed on a monitor

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24
Q

ech/o, son/o

A

sound

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25
Q

fluor/o

A

emitting / reflecting light

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26
Q

radi/o

A

radiant energy

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27
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

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28
Q

radiography

A

(used to be) premier form of diagnostic imaging; use of x-rays, or radiographs

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29
Q

radiopaque
radiolucent

A

substances that do not permit passage of x-rays
substances that readily permit passage of x-rays

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30
Q

computed tonography

A

use of radiation to produced detailed image of cross-section of tissue; noninvasive (ex. CAT scan)

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31
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

creates image of internal structure based on magnetic properties of chemical elements in body (or MRI)

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32
Q

sonography / ultrasonography

A

process of imaging deep structures of body by sending high-frequency sound waves

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33
Q

sonogram / echogram

A

record produced by sonographic procedure

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34
Q

fluoroscopy

A

visual examination of internal organ using fluoroscope

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35
Q

pharmaceuticals

A

medicinal drugs

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36
Q

radiopharmaceuticals

A

radioactive pharmaceuticals (help with imaging –> gamma cameras can detect the radioactivity, form an image based on its location in body)

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37
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

nuclear medicine scan; computed tomography (CAT) + radioactive substances to enhance images of some body parts (heart, brain)

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38
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment of tumors by use of radiation (ex. radiation oncology)

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39
Q

therapeutic

A

pertaining to therapy

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40
Q

algesi/o

A

sensitivity to pain

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41
Q

chem/o

A

chemical (ex. chemotherapy)

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42
Q

pharmac/o, pharmaceut/i

A

drugs / medicine

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43
Q

plast/o

A

repair

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44
Q

therapeut/o

A

treatment

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45
Q

tox/o

A

poison

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46
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

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47
Q

embryos

A

cells from early stages of development until 8th week of incubation

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48
Q

stem cells

A

cells that can divide without limit / give rise to specialized cells

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49
Q

somatic cell

A

cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes (in humans) (ex. nerve cell, muscle cell, blood cell)

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50
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that perform the same basic activity

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51
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers internal, external surfaces (ex. skin, lining of cavities)

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52
Q

connective tissue

A

supports / binds body tissue and other parts

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53
Q

muscular tissue

A

composed of contractible fibers (causes movement of other body parts)

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54
Q

nervous tissue

A

conducts impulses; connects brain, spinal cords with other parts of body

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55
Q

organ

A

two or more tissue types that work together to perform one / many function(s)

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56
Q

body system

A

several organs that work together to accomplish a set of functions

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57
Q

homeostasis

A

regulation of the constant internal environment of the human body

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58
Q

muscular system

A

makes movement possible

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59
Q

skeletal system

A

provides protection, shape for body; stores minerals, some blood cells

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60
Q

cardiovascular system

A

delivers oxygen, nutrients throughout body; transports waste to lungs, kidneys

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61
Q

lymphatic system

A

maintains internal fluid environment, regulates immunity

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62
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into body, releases carbon dioxide

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63
Q

digestive system

A

provide body with water, nutrients; remove solid waste

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64
Q

urinary system

A

filter blood to remove waste; maintain electrolyte balance

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65
Q

reproductive system

A

facilitates procreation

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66
Q

integumentary system

A

external covering of body; regulation of temperature, water content

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67
Q

nervous system

A

coordination of reception of stimuli; transmission of signals for movement

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68
Q

endocrine system

A

secretion of hormones

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69
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive

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70
Q

-plasia

A

development / formation of tissue

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71
Q

aplasia

A

lack of development of organ / tissue

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72
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of tissue (cells with different sizes, shapes, appearance)

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73
Q

hypoplasia

A

underdevelopment of organ / tissue

74
Q

hyperplasia

A

abnormal increase in number of cells in a tissue

75
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of organ b/c of increase in size of cells (NOT number of cells)

76
Q

anaplasia

A

malignant tumors; change in structure or orientation of cells –> loss of differentiation

77
Q

anatomic position

A

person’s position when standing erect, arms at sides, palms forward

78
Q

anter/o, anterior

A

nearer to / towards front

79
Q

poster/o, posterior

A

nearer to / towards back

80
Q

ventr/o, ventral

A

belly side

81
Q

dors/o, dorsal

A

directed toward / situated on back side

82
Q

medi/o, medial, median

A

middle or near middle

83
Q

later/o, lateral

A

toward the side

84
Q

super/o, superior

A

uppermost / above

85
Q

infer/o, inferior

A

lowermost / below

86
Q

proxim/o, proximal

A

nearer to origin / point of attachment

87
Q

dist/o, distal

A

far or distant from point of attachment

88
Q

cephal/o, cephalad

A

toward the head

89
Q

caud/o, caudad

A

toward the tail (inferior direction)

90
Q

intern/o, internal

A

inside / within

91
Q

extern/o, external

A

outside

92
Q

frontal / coronal plane

A

divides body into front / back positions

93
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body into upper / lower positions

94
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body into right / left sides
midsagittal plane: two equal halves

95
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (face down or to side)

96
Q

supine

A

lying on the back (face up)

97
Q

recumbent

A

lying down

98
Q

ambulent

A

person who is able to walk

99
Q

dorsal cavity

A

near posterior part of body
contains cranial (brain), spinal (spinal cord) cavities

100
Q

ventral cavity

A

near anterior part of body
contains viscera (thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity)

101
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped partition that functions in respiration

102
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane lining abdominopelvic cavity; enfolds internal organs

103
Q

adhesion

A

sticking together of two structures that are normally separate

104
Q

torso

A

chest, abdomen, pelvis

105
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

106
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

107
Q

cyst/o

A

cyst / bladder / sac

108
Q

dactyl/o

A

digit (toes / fingers)

109
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall

110
Q

omphal/o, umbilic/o

A

umbilicus (navel)

111
Q

onych/o

A

nail

112
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis

113
Q

perton/o

A

peritoneum

114
Q

som/a, somat/o

A

body

115
Q

acral

A

pertaining to extremities

116
Q

abdominal quadrants

A

divisions used to describe the location of pain / body structures

117
Q

pelvis

A

lower portion of body trunk

118
Q

abdominothoracic

A

pertaining to abdomen and thorax

119
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

120
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to palm

121
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to bottom of foot

122
Q

chiropody

A

pertaining to hands and feet

123
Q

intracellular

A

within the cells

124
Q

extracellular

A

outside the cells

125
Q

interstitial fluid

A

extracellular fluid that fills spaces between cells

126
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in interstitial compartment

127
Q

dacry/o, lacrim/o

A

tear / tearing / crying

128
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat / perspiration

129
Q

hydr/o

A

water

130
Q

-poiesis

A

production

131
Q

-poietin

A

substance that causes production

132
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

133
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

134
Q

endocrine grlands

A

secrete hormones into bloodstream

135
Q

purulent

A

producing / containing pus

136
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation

137
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

138
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

139
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

140
Q

plasma

A

straw-colored fluid that makes up about 1/2 of blood

141
Q

hematology

A

study of blood and blood-forming tissues

142
Q

hemodialysis

A

process of diffusing blood through semipermeable membrane (to remove toxins)

143
Q

hematoma

A

localized collection of clotted blood in organ, tissue, or space
–> caused by rupture in wall of blood vessel

144
Q

blood coagulation

A

transformation of blood from liquid to solid

145
Q

fibrin

A

substance that forms in a blood clot, entangling cells

146
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of internal blood clots

147
Q

platelets

A

small structures in blood that are important for clotting
also called thrombocytes

148
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of platelets; increased time for blood clotting to occur

149
Q

hemoglobin

A

red, iron-containing pigment in RBCs that transports oxygen

150
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in number of red blood cells and / or concentration of hemoglobin

151
Q

pallor

A

paleness

152
Q

phagocytes

A

cells that can ingest / destroy particulate substances (bacteria, protozoa, other cells)

153
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell; transports oxygen

154
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell; defends body

155
Q

leukemia

A

progressive, malignant disease of blood-forming organs
–> increase in # of leukocytes, presence of immature forms of leukocytes

156
Q

susceptibility

A

being vulnerable to a disease or disorder

157
Q

resistance

A

body’s natural ability to counteract microorganisms or toxins

158
Q

inflammation

A

initial defense mechanism
–> increased circulation in area affected by irritation or injury

159
Q

phagocytosis

A

ingestion / destruction of microorganisms

160
Q

interferon

A

cell-produced protein that protects cells from viral infection

161
Q

complement

A

protein that promotes inflammation, phagocytosis; causes bacterial cells to rupture

162
Q

immunity

A

body’s ability to counteract effects of infectious organisms (selective resistance)

163
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as foreign

164
Q

antibody

A

disease-fighting protein produced by immune system, in response to presence of antigen
–> specific to type of antigen

165
Q

immunization

A

process where resistance to an infectious disease is induced / augmented

166
Q

active immunity

A

person’s own body produces the antibodies

167
Q

passive immunity

A

antibodies are produced in another animal, then transported to an individual
–> antibodies only last a short period of time

168
Q

vaccination

A

administration of antigenic material to induce immunity

169
Q

immunocompromised

A

person whose immune response has been weakened by disease / immunosuppressive agent

170
Q

hypersensitivity

A

excessive reaction to an antigen (ex. allergies)

171
Q

anaphylaxis

A

exaggerated hypersensitivity to previously encountered antigen
–> itching, difficulty breathing, airway obstruction, shock

172
Q

benign

A

favorable for recovery / unlikely to spread

173
Q

malignant

A

tending to grow worse / probable to spread

174
Q

metastasis

A

spreading from one part of body to another

175
Q

primary tumor

A

neoplasm at site where it first arose

176
Q

pathogen

A

microorganism capable of causing / producing disease

177
Q

virus

A

small microorganism that replicates only within cells of other organisms
—> has no independent activity

178
Q

bacteria

A

type of pathogen classified according to shape

179
Q

fungi

A

microorganisms that feed by absorbing organic molecules from surroundings

180
Q

protozoa

A

simplest organisms of animal kingdom; only sometimes pathogenic

Capstone: Healthcare 21 (3 decks)

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