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Medical Termniology > Medical Terminology Chapter 9- key terms > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Chapter 9- key terms Flashcards

1
Q

The secretions of the endocrine glands are called?

A

hormones

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2
Q

the small gland in the brain that controls the other glands is the

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

The glands that are located about the kidneys are the

A

adrenals

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4
Q

Gigantism results from overproduction of

A

growth hormone

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5
Q

diabetes mellitus involves the hormone insulin, which is made in the

A

pancreas

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6
Q

a goiter involves the

A

thyroid

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7
Q

parathyroid hormone regulates

A

cortisol

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8
Q

cushing disease is over activity of the

A

adrenal cortex

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9
Q

anterior pituitary gland hormones

A

GH (somatotropin), TSH, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), LH, PRL (prolactin)

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10
Q

growth hormone

A

promotes growth of body tissues
(GH)

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11
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

TSH
stimulates thyroid gland to produce TH

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12
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulate adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones

-fight or flight

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13
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates growth activity of the ovaries
stimulates testes growth and sperm cell

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14
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone
development of corpus luteum at ruptured ovarian follicle
stimulates testosterone in males

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15
Q

PRL

A

prolactin
milk secretion by mammary glands

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16
Q

posterior pituitary gland hormones

A

ADH
oxytocin

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17
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
promotes water reabsorption in kidneys
-blood vessels constrict

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18
Q

oxytocin

A

uterine contraction and milk production

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19
Q

thyroid gland hormones

A

thyroxine (TR) and Triiodothyronie (T3)
increased metabolic rate and heat
physical and mental activities

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20
Q

Parathyroid gland hormones

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
regulates calcium levels

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21
Q

adrenal cortex gland hormones

A

cortisol
aldosterone
sex hormones

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22
Q

cortisol

A

aids in metabolism, active during stress

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23
Q

aldosterone

A

regulates electrolytes

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24
Q

adrenal medulla glands hormones

A

epinephrine
response to stress

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25
pancreatic islet gland hormones
insulin glucagon
26
insulin
glucose transport into cells decreases blood sugar levels
27
glucagon
stimulates rliver to release glucose increases glucose levels
28
pineal gland hormones
melatonin regulates mood, puberty
29
testis gland hormones
testosterone growth and development of sexual organs for males
30
ovary gland hormones
estrogen progesterone
31
estrogen
growth of sexual organs and characteristicsp
32
progesterone
preps uterine lining for implantation maintains pregnancy stimulates mammary glands
33
adrenal gland
superior surface of kidney -cortex: steroid hormones -medulla: adrenaline
34
endocrine
pertainning to a ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood
35
hormone
a secretion of an endocrine gland
36
hypophysis
pituitary gland "below gland" below the hypothalamus
37
hypothalamus
portion of the brain the controls the pituitary gland
38
pancreatic islet
cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas -secretes hormones to regulate glucose
39
parathyroid gland
small gland, on posterior thyroid -increase blood calcium levels 4-6 glands
40
pineal gland
small gland in the brains -regulates moods, daily rhythms -responds to light -melatonin
41
pituitary gland
small gland at the base of the brain -anterior lobe: growth hormone -posterior lobe: ADH and oxytocin
42
prostaglandins
hormones produced throughout the body -variety of affects: uterine contractions, regulation of BP, blood clotting, inflammation
43
receptor
site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance attaches to
44
steroid hormone
hormone made from lipids -includes sex hormones, adrenal cortex hormones
45
target tissue
the specific tissue which a hormone acts on
46
thyroid gland
endocrine gland on sides of larynx and upper trachea -secrets hormones that affect metabolism
47
growth hormone abnormality
hyper: gigantism, acromegaly hypo: dwarfism
48
ADH abnormality
hyper: syndrome of inappropriate ADH hypo: diabetes insipidus
49
aldosterone abnormality
hyper: aldosteronism hypo: addison's disease
50
cortisol abnormality
hyper: cushing syndrome hypo: addison disease
51
thyroid abnormality
hyper: graves disease, thyrotoxicosis hypo: congenital and aulty hypothyroidism
52
insulin abnormality
hyper: hypoglycemia hypo: diabetes mellitus
53
parathyroid hormone abnormality
hyper: bone degeneration hypo: tetany
54
acromegaly
overgrowth of bone and soft tissue -hands, feet, face -excess GH
55
addison disease
disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones
56
adenoma
neoplasm of gland
57
adult hypothyroidism
dry, waxy swelling in the face
58
congenital hypothyroidism
lack of thyroid during development -arrested physical and mental growth
59
dushing disease
overactivity of the adrenal cortex -excess ACTH by the pituitary
60
cushing syndrome
excess hormones from adreanl cortex -obseity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension
61
diabetes insipuidus
insufficient release of ADH from posterior pituitary -excessive thirst, large amounts of diulted urine
62
diabetes mellitus
disorder of glucose metabolism -deficiency of insulin production -type 1: autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells -type 2: due to lifestyle, excess glucose and not enough insul
63
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeballs
64
gigantism
overgrowth casued by excess growth hormone from pituitary during childhood
65
glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c)
measures binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell -average blood glucose level over 2-3 months
66
glycosuria
excess glucose in urine
67
goiter
enlargement of thryoid gland, iodine deficiency
68
graves disease
autoimmune disease results in hyperthyroidism -exophthalmos
69
hyperglycemia
excess glucose in the blood
70
hypoglycemia
abnormally low level of glucose in blood
71
insulin shock
condition resulting from an overdose of insulin causes hypoglycemia
72
ketoacidosis
acidosis caused by excess ketone bodies
73
metabolic syndrome
hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin -type 2 diabetes
74
panhypopituitarism
under activity of the entire pituitary glandt
75
tetany
irritability and spasms of muscles caused by low blood calcium
76
sella turcica
saddle shaped depression in the sphenoid bone that contains the pituitary gland
77
sphenoid bone
bone at the base of the skull
78
adrenogenital syndrome
overproduction of androgens from adrenal cortex -results in masculinization
79
Conn syndrome
hyperaldosternoism by an adrenal tumor
80
craniopharyngioma
benign tumor of the pituitary gland
81
hashimoto disease
chronic thyroiditis of autoimmune origin
82
impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
high blood glucose levels after glucose intake -borderline diabetes mellitus
83
ketosis
accumulation of ketone bodies deficiency or faulty metabolism of carbohydrates
84
multiple endocrine neoplasia (Men)
hereditary disorder -causes tumors in endocrine glands
85
pheochromocytoma
benign tumor of the adrenal medulla
86
pituitary apoplexy
sudden massive hemorrhage and degeneration of the pituitary gland associated with a pituitary tumor
87
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
mood disorder with lethargy, depression, etc as related to melatonin levels
88
simmonds disease
hypofunction of the anterior pituitary
89
thyroid storm
sudden onset of thyrotoxicosis -pts with hyperthyroidism who are untreated
90
von recklinghausen disease
bone degeneration from excess parathyroid hormone
91
fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
measurement of blood glucose after 8 hours of fasting -indicates diabetes
92
free thyroxine index (FTI, T7)
calculation based on the amount of T4 present and T3 uptake
93
oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
measurement of glucose leveles in blood plasma after glucose administration to fasting pts
94
radioactive iodine uptake test
measures thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine
95
radioimmunoassay
method of measuring small amounts of substance, especially hormones
96
thyroid scan
visualization of the thyroid gland after administration of radioactive iodine
97
thyroxine-binding globulin test
test that measures the main protein that binds T4 in the blood
98
transsphenoidal adenomectomy
removal of a pituitary tumor through the sphenoid sinus

Medical Termniology (5 decks)

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