Medical Terminology Chapter 8 Vocab Flashcards
An/o
Anus, ring
Chol/e
Bile, gall
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
Col/o, colon/o
Colon, large intestine
-emesis
Vomiting
Enter/o
Small intestine
Esophag/o
Esophagus
Gastr/o
Stomach, belly
Hepat/o
Liver
-lithiasis
Presence of stones
-Pepsia
Digest, digestion
-phagia
Eating, swallowing
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
Rect/o
Rectum, straight
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
NPO
Noting by mouth
BS
Bowel sounds, breath sounds, blood sugar
ac
Before meals
BM
Bowel movement
abd
Abdominal
TPN
Total parental nutrition
NGT
Nasogastric tube
Palate
The roof of the mouth
Rugae
Series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.
Uvula
A fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat.
Papillae
A small rounded protuberance on a part or organ of the body
Sublingual
Situated or applied under the tongue
Masticatory
Used for or adapted to chewing
Tempomandibular joint
The hinge joint between the temporal bone and the lower jaw
Deciduous dentition
The teeth in the dental arch
Bruxism
The involuntary or habitual grinding of the teeth, typically during sleep
Parotid glands
Either of a pair of large salivary glands situated just in front of each ear
Deglutition
The action or process of swallowing
Regurgitation
the casting up of undigested food or gas from the stomach
Eructation
To belch, the casting of upwind from the stomach
Fundus
The portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch. It allows for the accumulation of gases produced by chemical digestion.
Antrum
The site that contains endocrine cells that produce gastrin and somatostatin
Pyloric sphincter
A ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum
Duodenum
The part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum
Jejunum
The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
Lleum
The third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum
Cecum
A pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines
Colon ascending
the first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen.
Colon transverse
the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.
Colon descending
the part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum.
Colon sigmoid
the S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum.
Rectum and Anus
Controls the excretion of solid waste
Hepatic
of or relating to the liver.
Glucose
a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Bilirubin
an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
Biliary
of or relating to bile or the bile duct.
Cholecystic
Cholestasis is any condition in which the flow of bile from the liver is slowed or blocked.
Metabolism
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Anabolism
the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.
Catabolism
the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.
Mastication
to grind, crush, and chew (food) with or as if with the teeth in preparation for swallowing
Bolus
a small rounded mass of a substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing.
Eructation
a belch.
Peristalsis
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
Chyme
the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum
Emulsification
to disperse (as an oil) in an emulsion; also: to convert (two or more immiscible liquids) into an emulsion.
Feces
the waste matter discharged from the bowels after food has been digested; excrement.
Defecation
the discharge of feces from the body.
Flatulence
the accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal.
Gastroenterologist
a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system.
Polyp
a small growth, typically benign and with a stalk, protruding from a mucous membrane.
Ulcer
an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal.
Lesion
a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, tumor, etc.
Oral thrush
Thrush is a yeast infection of the mucus membrane lining the mouth and tongue.
Cleft palate, lip
a congenital split in the roof of the mouth.
Esophageal varices
re extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus.
Hiatal hernia
the protrusion of an organ, typically the stomach, through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.
GERD
is a condition in which the stomach contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach
Peptic ulcers
a lesion in the lining (mucosa) of the digestive tract, typically in the stomach or duodenum, caused by the digestive action of pepsin and stomach acid.
Crohn’s Disease
a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers and fistulae.
Hernia
a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity containing it (often involving the intestine at a weak point in the abdominal wall).
Jaundice
a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, arising from excess of the pigment bilirubin and typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells.
Hepatitis
a disease characterized by inflammation of the liver.
Cirrhosis
a chronic disease of the liver marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. It is typically a result of alcoholism or hepatitis.
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder.
Cholelithiasis
the formation of gallstones.
Cholangitis
Cholangitis is an infection of the common bile duct, the tube that carries bile from the liver to the gallbladder and intestines. Bile is a liquid made by the liver that helps digest food.
Gastrostomy
an opening into the stomach from the abdominal wall, made surgically for the introduction of food.
Enema
a procedure in which liquid or gas is injected into the rectum, typically to expel its contents, but also to introduce drugs or permit X-ray imaging.
Endoscope
an instrument that can be introduced into the body to give a view of its internal parts.
Colostomy
a surgical operation in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a damaged part of the colon.
