Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

bi-

A

Two, twice, double.

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2
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, tumor, swelling.

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3
Q

dys-

A

Bad, difficult, or painful.

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

Fascia, fibrous band.

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibrous tissue, fiber.

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6
Q

-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium.

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7
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to.

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8
Q

kines/o

A

Movement.

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9
Q

kinesi/o

A

Movement.

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10
Q

my/o

A

Muscle.

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11
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis, stroke.

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12
Q

-rrhexis

A

Rupture.

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13
Q

tax/o

A

Coordination, order.

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14
Q

ten/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain.

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15
Q

tend/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain.

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16
Q

tendin/o

A

Tendon, stretch out, extend, strain.

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17
Q

ton/o

A

Stretching, tension.

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18
Q

tri-

A

Three.

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19
Q

abduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

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20
Q

adduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

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21
Q

adhesion

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.

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22
Q

ataxia

A

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

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23
Q

atonic

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength.

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24
Q

atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures.

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25
Q

bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement.

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26
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.

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27
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

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28
Q

circumduction

A

The circular movement at the far end of a limb.

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29
Q

contracture

A

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

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30
Q

dorsiflexion

A

Movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

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31
Q

dyskinesia

A

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions.

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32
Q

dystonia

A

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement.

33
Q

electromyography

A

A diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation.

34
Q

epicondylitis

A

Inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow.

35
Q

ergonomics

A

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment.

36
Q

exercise physiologist

A

A specialist who works under a physician’s supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

37
Q

fasciitis

A

Inflammation of a fascia.

38
Q

fibromyalgia

A

A debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms.

39
Q

ganglion cyst

A

A harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist.

40
Q

heel spur

A

A calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone.

41
Q

hemiparesis

A

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body.

42
Q

hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting one side of the body.

43
Q

hernia

A

The protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it.

44
Q

hyperkinesia

A

Abnormally increased motor function or activity; also known as hyperactivity.

45
Q

hypotonia

A

A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles.

46
Q

impingement syndrome

A

Inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

47
Q

insertion

A

The point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon.

48
Q

intermittent claudication

A

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest.

49
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

A group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system.

50
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles.

51
Q

myocele

A

The herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it.

52
Q

myoclonus

A

The quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles.

53
Q

myofascial release

A

A specialed soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

54
Q

myolysis

A

The degeneration of muscle tissue.

55
Q

myoparesis

A

Weakness or slight muscle paralysis.

56
Q

myorraphy

A

Surgical suturing of a muscle.

57
Q

neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle.

58
Q

oblique

A

Slanted or at an angle.

59
Q

origin

A

The point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton.

60
Q

paralysis

A

The loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

61
Q

paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body.

62
Q

physiatrist

A

A physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

63
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running.

64
Q

polymyositis

A

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation or weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body.

65
Q

pronation

A

The act of rotating the arm of the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned forward or backward.

66
Q

quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four extremities.

67
Q

sarcopenia

A

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging.

68
Q

shin splint

A

A painful condition caused by tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone).

69
Q

singultus

A

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm; also known as hiccups.

70
Q

sphincter

A

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

71
Q

sprain

A

An injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

72
Q

tenodesis

A

The suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

73
Q

tenolysis

A

The release of a tendon from adhesions.

74
Q

tenorraphy

A

The surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon.

75
Q

tenosynovitis

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon.

76
Q

tenotomy

A

A surgical incision into a tendon.

77
Q

torticollis

A

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck.

78
Q

transverse

A

In a crosswise direction.