Medical Terminology Chapter 1 Flashcards
What year was the stethoscope invented?
1816
What year was the first successful human blood transfusion?
1818
When was the first surgical operation with anesthesia ether?
1842
When was the first documented use of xray in medicine?
1895
When was the first commercial bottle of aspirin sold?
1899
When was the bandaid invented?
1920
When was insulin first used to treat diabetes?
1922
When was pencillin’s antibacterial quality discovered?
1928
When was the first hemodialysis machine made?
1945
When was the first contact lense made?
1948
When was tylenol approved by the FDA?
1951
When was the first polio vaccine used on children?
1955
When was the first kidney translpant with survival of more than one year?
1959
When was the first human heart transplant?
1967
When was the first test tube baby?
1978
When was HIV identified?
1983
When was dolly the sheep cloned?
1996
When was the first telesurgery performed?
2001
When was the first artificial liver transplant?
2001
When was the first vaccine to target a cause for cancer made?
2006
When was the first bionic eye made?
2007
When was the first full face transplant?
2008
What is the ancient word for cancer and its langauge of origin?
karkinos greek (crab)
Who is known as the father of medicine and the one who standardized medical terminology?
Hippocrates
What ancient language do most medical terms come from?
greek and latin
-tomy
cutting
phlebotomy meaning
incision into the vein
Nerve in latin and spanish
latin- nervus spansih- nervio
What language of origin are compound words?
English
Ligamentum
lang
Ligament
latin
Kardia
cardi/o
tendo
tendon
genos
gene
greek
arteria
artery
vena
lang
vein
latin
Cella
cell
Eponyms
terms formed from names
Eg. Parkinson’s or Parkinson
diacritical mark
a secial accent mark placed above letters to aide in pronounciation
Long (-) diacritical mark
long vowel
(AY) (EE)
Short (~) diacritical mark
short vowel
(ah) (eh)
Root meaning: Cardi
Heart
Root meaning: dent
Tooth
Root meaning: gastr
stomach
Root meaning: laryng
Larynx
Root meaning: rhin
Nose
Combining form
the word root with a combining vowel
combining vowel normally O
peri-colic
around the colon
dentalgia
tooth pain
dysmenorrhea
painful menses
hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
hypotension
low blood pressure
epigastic
the area above the stomach
-pathy
condition
neur-
nerve
en-
inside
Root word: cephal
head
-itis
inflammation
root word: tonsil
throat tissue
-ectomy
complete removal
combining form:
aer/o
air, gas
combining form:
ather/o
plaque, fatty substance inside a vessel
combining form:
blast/o
immature cells
combining form:
calc/o calci/o
calcium
combining form:
chondro, chondrio
cartilage, grainy, gritty
combining form:
chyl/o
chyl, a digestive juice
combining form:
chym/o
chyme, semifluid production of chyme in the stomach
combining form:
cyst/o
bladder, cyst, cystic duct
combining form:
cyt/o
cell
combining form:
ethm/o
ethmoid bone
combining form:
gli/o
glue
combining form:
gluc/o
glucose
combining form:
glyc/o
sugars
combining form:
hydr/o
hydrogen, water
combining form:
ket/o, keton/o
ketone, acetone
combining form:
lip/o
fat, outside of the blood vessel
combining form:
nucle/o
nucleus
combining form:
plasma, plasm/o
formative, plasma
combining form:
salping/o
tube
combining form:
sider/o
iron
combining form:
somat/o
body
combining form:
squam/o
scale, squamous (scaly)
combining form:
syring/o
tube
hydrocephaly
fluid accumulation in the brain
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
syringitis
inflammation of the eustachian tube
salpingectomy
removal of the fallopian tube
nucleotoxin
toxin poisonous to the nucleus
atheroma
tumor of a fatty deposit within a vessel
ethmonasal
relating to the ethmoid bones and nasal bones
aero-gen
gas producing microoganism
somatogenic
originating in the body
glucogenic
producing glucose
glycopenia
sugar deficiency
calcipenia
calcium deficiency
lipoblast
embryonic fat cell outside of the vessel
glioblastoma
growth consisting of immature neural cells
plasmapheresis
separation of the blood into parts
cytoarchitecture
arrangement of cells in the tissue
sideropenia
low iron
cystoid
bladder shaped
ketogenesis
production of ketones
chylopoesis
production of chyle in the intestine
chymopoesis
production of chyme
squamofrontal
squamous part of the frontal bone
combining form:
algesi/o, algi/o, alg/o
pain
combining form:
cry/o
cold
combining form:
dips/o
thirst
combining form:
esthesi/o
sensation, perception
combining form:
kin/o kine/o
movement, motion
combining form:
kinesi/o, kine
motion
combining form:
phon/o
sound, voice, speech
combining form
phot/o
light
combining form:
son/o
sound
combining form:
therm/o
heat
crycautery
destruction of tissue by freezing
photometer
instrument for measuring light
sonomotor
motor relates to movement caused by sound
thermometer
instrument for measuring temperature
algospasm
pain caused by a spasm
dipsomainia
alchoholism
kinesiology
study of movement
kinesthesia
perception of movement
phonometer
instrument used to measure sound
esthesiometry
measurement of tactile sensibility
combining form
acanth/o
spiny, thorny
combining form
andr/o
masculine
combining form:
chlor/o
chlorine, green
combining form:
chrom/o, chromat/o
color
combing form:
crypt/o
hidden, obscure
combining form:
cyan/o
blue
combining form:
eosin/o
red
combining form:
erythr/o
red, redness
combining form:
granul/o
granular
combining form:
gyn/o, gyn/e, gynec/o
women
combining form
home/o, hom/o
same, constant
combining form:
ichthy/o
dry, scaly, fishy
combining form:
idi/o
distinct, unknown
combining form:
immun/o
safe, immune system
combining form:
leuk/o
white
combining form:
macr/o
large, long
combining form:
mag/o, megal/o
large, million
combining form:
melan/o
black
combining form:
micr/o
small, tiny
combining form:
mio
smaller, less
combining form
morph/o
strucure, shape
combining form:
norm/o
normal
combining form
physi/o
physical, natural
combining form:
peud/o
false
combining form:
scler/o
hardness, thickening
combining form
scoli/o
crooked, bent
combining form
spher/o
round, spherical
combining form
staphyl/o
grapelike clusters
combining form:
sten/o
narrowness
combining form:
strept/o
twisted chains
combining form:
terat/o
monsterlike
combining form:
xanth/o
yellow
eosinophilic
staining readily with red dyes
microorganism
tiny organism
xanthoderma
yellowish skin
stenocephaly
narrowness of the head
morphology
structure of plants and animals
homeoplasia
the formation of new similar tissue
scoliometer
device to measure curves
idiopathic
a disease of unknown origin
pseudodiabetes
a false test for sugar in urine
acanthoid
spine shaped
chromatogenous
producing color
streptococcus
common organism that causes various infections
leukoblast
immature white blood cell
physiotherapy
another name for physical therapy
granuloma
a small granular lesion
erythroclasis
fragmentation of red blood cells
melanoderma
abnormal skin darkening
tetarogen
an agent that causes a malformed fetus
androblastoma
testicular tumor
chloruresis
excretion of chloride in the urine
immunodeficient
lacking in some essential immune function
staphylococcus
a common species that causes a variety of infections
cyanosis
the state of being blue
gynopathy
a disease particular to women
scleroderma
thickening and hardening of the skin
cryptogenic
something with an obscure origin
normocyte
a normal cell
ichthyotoxism
poisoning by fish
spherocyte
a round red blood cell
macromelia
an abnormally sized limb
megaloencephaly
abnormally large head or brain
miopragia
lessend functional activity
bacill/o
bacilli/ bacteria
bacteri/o
bacteria
carcin/o
cancer
kyph/o
humpback
onch/o, onc/o
tumor
path/o
disease
pyr/o
fever, heat
schist/o
split
schiz/o
split, division
spasm/o
spasm
pathogen
disease causing substance
carcinogen
cancer producing substance
spasmolytic
agent that relieves spasms
bacteriogenic
caused by bacteria
pyrogenic
causing a fever
kyphoscoliosis
kyphosis combined with scoliosis
kyphosis (humpback)
bacilliform
rod shaped bacterium
schizophrenia
a spectrum of mental disorders with a disorder in perception
oncolysis
destruction of a cancerous tumor
schistocytosis
a bladder split
anteri/o
front
dextr/o
right, toward the right
dors/o
back
goni/o
angle
later/o
lateral, to one side
medi/o
middle, medial plane
mes/o
middle, median
orth/o
straight, normal
top/o
place, topical
lateroduction
movement to one side
dextrocardia
displacement of the heart to the right
mesocephalic
medium sized head
dorsalgia
upper back pain
topography
decription of body parts in terms of a specific surface area
geniometer
device for measuring angles
orthodontics
specialty concerned with straightening tooth placement
mediolateral
medial plane and one side of the body
crin/o
secrete
gen/o
producing/ being born
hypn/o
sleep
log/o
speech, words, thought
narc/o
sleep, numbness
phag/o
eating, devouring, swallowing
somn/o, somni
sleep
spir/o
breathe
hypnogenesis
induction of sleep
somnambulism
sleepwalking
crinogenic
causing secretion
phagocyte
a cell that ingests bacteria and other particles
genoblast
the nucleus of a fertilized ovum
spiroscope
a device for measuring lung capacity
logopathy
a speech disorder
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder
actin/o
light
amyl/o
starch
bar/o
weight, pressure
bas/o, basi/o
base
bio
life
chem/o
chemicals
chrono
time
coni/o
dust
cycl/o
circle, cycle
dyna, dynam/o
force, energy
echo
reflected sound
electr/o
electricity
eti/o
cause
fibr/o
fiber
fluor/o
light, luminous, flourine
fungi
fungus
galact/o
milk
ger/o, geront/o
old age
lact/o, lacti
milk
lith/o
stone
lys/o
destruction
necr/o
death, dying
noct/i
night
nyct/o
night
pharmaco
drugs, medicine
phyt/o
plant
py/o
pus
radio
radiation, xray, radius
stere/o
three dimensional
tel/o, tele/o
distant, end, complete
ton/o
tension, pressure
toxi, toxic/o, tox/o
poison, toxic
troph/o
food, nutrition
etiopathology
the study of the cause of abnormality or disease
lithotomy
an operation for removal of stones
barostat
pressure regulating device
echocardiogram
ultrasound recording of the heart
trophocyte
a cell that provides nutrition
nocturia
urination at night
nyctalopia
reduced ability to see at night
amylophagia
abnormal craving for starch
lactogen
an agent that stimulates milk production
electrocardiogram
a graphic record of the hearts electrical currents
tonometer
an instrument for measuring pressure
phytotoxin
a substance from plants that is similar to a bacterial toxin
cineradiography
imaging of an organ in motion
biopsy
a sample of tissue from a living patient
gerontology
the study of problems of aging
pyocyst
a cyst filled with pus
chemolysis
a chemical destruction
cyclectomy
removal of a part of a ciliary body
fungicide
a substance that destorys fungi
telophase
the final stage of mitosis or meiosis
necrology
study of the cause of death
actinotherapy
ultraviolet light therapy used in dermatology
dynamometer
instrument for measuing muscular power
lysemia
dissolution of red blood cells
galactophoritis
inflammation of the milk ducts
basophilic
having an affinity for basic dyes
radiography
x-ray examination
fibroplastic
producing fibrous tissue
fluorochrome
fluorescent contrast media
chronometry
measurment of time intervals
toxipathy
disease due to poisoning
pharmacology
science of drugs
stereology
study of three dimensional aspects of the cell
coniometer
instrument to measure dust
pluralizing rules
words ending in any vowel, or consonant exceot s, x, z or y
add -s
pluralizing rules
words ending in s, x or z
add -es
pluralizing rules
words ending in y preceded by a consonant
remove the y and add -ies
pluralizing rules
words ending in y proceced by a vowel
usually -s
pluralizing rules
latin words ending in x
remove the x and add -ces
pluralizing rules
latin terms ending in a
add -e
pluralizing rules
latin terms ending in a
add -e
pluralizing rules
latin words ending in us
remove the us and add -i
pluralizing rules
greek words ending in on
remove on or add an -a
pluralizing rules
latin words ending in um
Remove um and add -a
pluralizing rules
Greek words ending in sis
change sis to -ses
Abbreviation
a
before
Abbreviation
ac
before meals
abbreviation
AMI
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Abbreviations
bid
twice a day
Abbreviations
BP
Blood pressure
Abbreviation
c/o
complaining of
abbreviation
Ca
cancer/carcinoma
abbreviation
CC
cheif complaint
abbreviation
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abbreviation
CXR
chest x-ray
Abbreviations
DOB
date of birth
Abbreviations
Dx
Diagnosis
Abbreviations
ECG, EKG
Electrocardiogram
Abbreviations
Fx
Fracture
Abbreviations
GI
Gastrointestinal
Abbreviations
h/o
hitsory of
Abbreviations
IM
intramuscular
Abbreviaitons
LAC
laceration
Abbreviations
LOC
level of consciousness
Abbreviations
mcg
microgram
Abbreviations
NKDA
no known drug allergies
Abbreviations
npo
nothing by mouth
Abbreviatons
po
by mouth
Abbreviations
PRN
as needed
Abbreviations
qid
four times a day
Abreviaitons
SOB
shortness of breath
Abbreviaitons
tid
three times a day
Abbreviaitons
Tx
treatment
Abbreviations
w/o
without
abbreviations
WNL
within normal limits
