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ADVANCED PRACTICE STUDY GUIDE > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Viscid

A

viscid
viscid [vis´id]
glutinous or sticky.

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2
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis

Definition
Bronchiectasis is a condition in which an area of the bronchial tubes is permanently and abnormally widened (dilated), with accompanying infection.

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3
Q

PND

A

PND

Abbreviation for *paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip.

  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurs 1-2 hours into sleep, concurrent with the redistribution of body fluids and a subsequent rise in Lacey atrial pressure.
  • Causes sudden awakening due to difficulty breathing. Individual usually sits or stands to alleviate symptoms (taking about 10-30 minutes).
  • As with orthopnea, a diagnosis of CHF should be ruled out in those with PND.
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4
Q

Trypsin

A

trypsin (trĭp′sĭn)
n.
A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units.

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5
Q

Parenchyma

A

parenchyma
parenchyma [pah-reng´kĭ-mah]
the essential or functional elements of an organ, as distinguished from its framework, which is called the stroma. adj., adj paren´chymal, parenchym´atous.

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6
Q

Pyuria

A

pyuria
pyuria [pi-u´re-ah]
pus in the urine.

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7
Q

Adenomyosis

A

adenomyosis
adenomyosis [ad″ĕ-no-mi-o´sis]
invasion of the muscular wall of an organ (e.g., uterus) by glandular tissue.

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8
Q

Enuresis

A

enuresis (ĕn′yə-rē′sĭs)
n.
The involuntary discharge of urine; urinary incontinence.

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9
Q

Otitis externa

A

otitis externa
Otitis Externa
Definition
Otitis externa refers to an infection of the ear canal, the tube leading from the outside opening of the ear in towards the ear drum

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10
Q

Myopia

A

myopia
Myopia
Definition
Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry.

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11
Q

Pylorus

A

pylorus (pī-lôr′əs, pĭ-)
n. pl. py·lori (-lôr′ī′)
The passage at the lower end of the stomach that opens into the duodenum.

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12
Q

Hyposmia

A

Decreased sense of smell

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13
Q

Anosmia

A

Absence of ability to smell; may be caused by the following

  1. Coup-countercoup type head injuries (damages the olfactory tract by over-stretching, but can usually repair itself)
  2. Fevers (typically related to infections)
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14
Q

Thalidomide

A

thalidomide
(redirected from Thalidamide)
thalidomide [thah-lid´o-mīd]
a sedative and hypnotic that was commonly used in Europe in the late 1950s and 1960s. Its use was halted because use during early pregnancy was often followed by the birth of infants with serious developmental anomalies, notably malformation or absence of a limb or limbs. It is still used in treatment of erythema nodosum that complicates therapy for leprosy, administered orally.

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15
Q

Urticaria

A

ur·ti·car·i·a (ŭr’ti-kar’i-ă),
An eruption of itching wheals, collquially called hives, usually of systemic origin; it may be due to a state of hypersensitivity to foods or drugs, foci of infection, physical agents (heat, cold, light, friction), or psychic stimuli.
Synonym(s): hives (1) , urtication (2)

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16
Q

DES

A

DES
diethylstilbestrol (DES) [di-eth″il-stil-bes´trol]
a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used for palliative treatment of prostatic carcinoma and sometimes advanced breast carcinoma. It was formerly used to relieve vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, and in primary ovarian failure, female hypogonadism, atrophic vaginitis, kraurosis vulvae, and female castration. Most significantly, however, it was formerly widely used to prevent threatened abortion and premature labor. The female children who were thus exposed to the drug as fetuses have tended to have a variety of cervical abnormalities and an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the reproductive tract. Male offspring have sometimes had abnormal genitalia, epididymal cysts, and abnormal semen analyses. Regular examinations and follow-up are indicated for these individuals.

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17
Q

Ectopy

A

ec·to·pi·a , ectopy (ek-tō’pē-ă, ektō-pē)
Congenital displacement of any organ or body part of the body.
[G. ektopos, out of place]

ectopy (ĕk′tə-pē)

n. pl. ecto·pies
1. The origination of cardiac electrical impulses in myocardium outside of the sinoatrial node. Also called ectopia.

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18
Q

Suppurative

A

suppurative
sup·pu·ra·tive (sŭp’yŭ-ră-tiv),
Forming pus.

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19
Q

Abacterial

A 
abacterial
abacterial (ā′băk-tîr′ē-əl)
adj.
1. Not caused by bacteria.
2. Free of bacteria.
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20
Q

FIT is an acronym for what?

A

Fecal Immunochemical Tests

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21
Q

gFOBT is representative of what screening test?

A

guaic-based fecal occult blood test

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22
Q

Catalysis

A

catalysis
catalysis [kah-tal´ĭ-sis]
increase in the velocity of a chemical reaction or process produced by the presence of a substance that is not consumed in the net chemical reaction or process; negative catalysis denotes the slowing down or inhibition of a reaction or process by the presence of such a substance. adj., adj catalyt´ic.

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23
Q

Ayahuasca

A 
ayahuasca
(redirected from ayahuasco)
caa·pi (ka'pē),
A hallucinogenic preparation obtained from Banisteria caapi (family Malpighaceae), a South American jungle vine; contains harmine and other psychotomimetic principles.
Synonym(s): ayahuasca
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24
Q

Aphakia

A

aphakia
(redirected from aphacic)
aphakia [ah-fa´ke-ah]
absence of the lens of an eye, occurring congenitally or as a result of trauma or surgery. adj., adj apha´

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25
Q

Apharesis

A

apheresis
(redirected from aphaeresis)
apheresis [af″ĕ-re´sis]
any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion (such as plasma, leukocytes, or platelets) is separated and retained, and the remainder is retransfused into the donor. Types include erythrocytapheresis, leukapheresis, lymphocytapheresis, plasmapheresis, and plateletpheresis.. Called also hemapheresis and pheresis.

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26
Q

Dysautonomia

A

dysautonomia
dysautonomia [dis″aw-to-no´me-ah]
malfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
familial dysautonomia Riley-Day syndrome.

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27
Q

Ideomotor apraxia

A

ideomotor apraxia
i·de·o·ki·net·ic a·prax·i·a , ideomotor apraxia
a form of apraxia in which simple acts are incapable of being performed, presumably because the connections between the cortical centers that control volition and the motor cortex are interrupted.
Synonym(s): transcortical apraxia
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
ideomotor apraxia Neurology The inability to demonstrate the use of simple objects in absence of motor weakness

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28
Q

PCP

A 
PCP 1 (pē′sē-pē′)
n.
Phencyclidine.
PCP 2
abbr.
pneumocystis pneumonia
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29
Q

Alkaptonuria

A

alkaptonuria
alkaptonuria [al-kap″to-nu´re-ah]
an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy characterized by accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is manifested by elevated concentrations of homogentisic acid in the urine (which darkens on standing or with alkalinization), a peculiar discoloration of body tissues known as ochronosis, and arthritis.

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30
Q

Consanguinity

A

consanguinity
consanguinity [kon″sang-gwin´ĭ-te]
blood relationship; kinship. adj., adj consanguin´eous.

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31
Q

GWAS

A

Genome Wide Association Studies

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32
Q

CPT (what does it stand for and what is its significance)?

A

Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) is a medical code set that is used to report medical, surgical, and diagnostic procedures and services to entities such as physicians, health insurance companies and accreditation organizations.

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33
Q

Triglyceride

A

triglyceride
triglyceride [tri-glis´er-īd]
a compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids bound with one molecule of glycerol; a neutral fat that is the usual storage form of lipids in animals.

Elevated serum triglycerides are now considered as important as high cholesterol levels in the development of ischemic heart disease. The normal range for serum triglycerides is 0 to 160 mg/100 ml.

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34
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age related hearing loss that results in the inability to register higher-frequency sounds.

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35
Q

Presbyopia

A

A universal age-related change in vision. It begins in most persons in their 40s; makes it difficult to see objects close up (i.e. reading). Despite presbyopic changes, vision should be correctable to 20/20 even in the very old.

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36
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of the lens of the eye that reduces visual acuity.

In patients >75 years, more than half have visually significant cataracts.

Most can be successfully dealt with through corrective lenses and if that doesn’t work, removed through surgery and lens replacement.

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37
Q

Glaucoma

A

Condition of the eye where the fluid doesn’t drain correctly and the increased pressure damages the optic nerve.

Can not be cured, but eye drops can prevent further deterioration.

Glaucoma testing should be done annually or biannually.

Risk Factors:

  • Diabetes
  • Family History
  • African Maerican (5x more likely to be afflicted)
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38
Q

Macular Degeneration

A

Loss of central vision; leading cause of blindness among older adults.

Use of Amalee Grid for detection (look at the dot and see wavy lines-diagnostic).

Cannot be reversed, but early detection can help slow progression.

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39
Q

Edentulism

A

Loss of all teeth.

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40
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveolar sacs and surrounding tissues.

Causes may include:
-Viruses

  • Bacteria
  • Chemical irritants
  • Aspiration of food or liquid
  • Inactivity
  • Living in close quarters
  • Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for persons >65 years and older at least once during their lifetime.

PCV-13 (aka Prevnar 13)

PPSV-23 (aka Pneumovax 23)

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41
Q

Zostavax

A

Shingles vaccine

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42
Q

Andragogy

A

The art and science of teaching adults.

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43
Q

Pedagogy

A

The education of children

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44
Q

Pernicious

A

pernicious
pernicious [per-nish´us]
tending to a fatal outcome.

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45
Q

Chylomicrons

A

chylomicrons
chylomicrons Microscopic globules, 80 to 1000 nanometres in diameter, of fat, phospholipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins and other materials. Chylomicrons are formed by the epithelium of the small intestine and are found in the blood during the ingestion of dietary fats, etc. The size of chylomicrons relates to the proportion of fats in the diet, being greatest after high-fat meals. Chylomicrons, and some of their contents are broken don in the liver and the constituents released.

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46
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

angina pec´toris acute pain in the chest resulting from myocardial ischemia (decreased blood supply to the heart muscle); the condition has also been called cardiac pain of effort and emotion because the pain is brought on by physical activity or emotional stress that places an added burden on the heart and increases the need for blood being supplied to the myocardium. Some patients can predict the kinds of events that will precipitate an attack while others are unaware of any relationship between onset of an attack and any particular situation in their lives.

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47
Q

Libido reticularis

A

Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin.[1] The discoloration is caused by swelling of the venules owing to obstruction of capillaries by small blood clots. The blood clots in the small blood vessels can be a secondary effect of a condition that increases a person’s risk of forming blood clots, including a wide array of pathological and nonpathological conditions. Examples include hyperlipidemia, microvascular hematological or anemia states, nutritional deficiencies, hyper- and autoimmune diseases, and drugs/toxins.

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48
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

A common bias in clinical reasoning.

*Seeking data to confirm, rather than refute the initial hypothesis.

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49
Q

CDR

A

Clinical Decision Rule

The most precise way to determine protest probability in the effort to make decisions for testing when considering Differential Diagnoses (DD)z

Infrequently available.

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50
Q

D.O.E

A

Dyspnea On Exertion

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51
Q

HNPCC

A

Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer

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52
Q

Ipsilateral

A

ipsilateral
ipsilateral [ip″sĭ-lat´er-al]
situated on or affecting the same side.

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53
Q

ACIP

A

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

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54
Q

Agraphia

A

Inability to write

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55
Q

Alexia

A

Alexia:

Inability to read.

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56
Q

Fluent Aphasia

A

Fluent Aphasia:

Wernicke area affected:

  • Lacks content
  • Unable to comprehend spoken words and phrases.
  • Unable to repeat or name objects.
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57
Q

Nonfluent Apahasia:

A

Nofluent Aphasia:

  • Broca area affected
  • Slow, scanning speech
  • Intact comprehension
  • Impaired writing ability
  • Inability to express thoughts
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58
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Global Aphasia:

  • Both Broca and Wernicke areas affected.
  • Nonfluent speech
  • Unable to comprehend, read, or write.
  • Unable to name objects.
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59
Q

Apraxia

A

Apraxia:

Inability to execute volition all activity.

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60
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Dysdiadochokinesia:

Inability to complete rapid alternating movements (RAMs). Necessitates referral.

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61
Q

Romberg Test

A

Romberg Test:

Patient stands with feet together and eyes open for 20-30 seconds and then closed for 20-30 seconds-there should be minimal, if any, swaying.

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62
Q

Pronator Drift

A

Pronator Drift:

  • Patient stands with feet together and eyes closed.
  • Then, with eyes closed, patient holds arms out in front with palms up for 30 seconds.
  • Both arms should remain in position; then gently press down on each wrist and the arm should return to previous position. (Referral if drift is present or if tremors).
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63
Q

Tandem Gait

A

Tandem Gait:

Ability to walk in a straight line, as if on a tight rope.

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64
Q

Ataxia

A

Ataxia:

Staggering, unsteady wide-based gait (necessitates referral).

Other gait issues requiring referral:

  1. Foot drop
  2. Spasticity or bradykinesia
  3. Shuffling or Parkinson-like gait
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65
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Hyperesthesia

Excessively sensitive to touch.

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66
Q

Paresthesia

A

Paresthesia:

Sensation without stimulation from examiner.

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67
Q

Stereognosis

A

Ability to recognize an object in the hand.

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68
Q

Two Point Discriminiation

A

If sensation felt only on one side, CNS sensory deficit is present on opposite side of brain.

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69
Q

Amaurosis

A

Loss of vision (immediate referral indicated).

70
Q

Anisocoria

A

anisocoria
anisocoria [an-i″so-kor´e-ah]
inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes

71
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to enlarge the lumen of a sclerotic coronary artery (see accompanying illustration). This provides an alternative to cardiac bypass surgery for selected patients with ischemic heart disease

72
Q

CAD

A

Coronary Artery Disease

73
Q

SCD

A

Sudden Cardiac Death

  • More common in males
  • Important to pick this up in sports physical if possible.
  • CV conditions that predispose individuals to SCD are rare and difficult to treat.
74
Q

atlanto-axial instability

A

atlanto-axial instability Abnormal mobility of the articulation of the ATLAS BONE with the AXIS BONE. This is demonstrable on X-ray by a separation of more than 3 mm, at the front, between the body of the atlas and the odontoid process of the axis. People with this abnormality should avoid activities that could bring about dislocation (subluxation) of the bones and serious risk to the spinal cord. Atlanto-axial instability is found in about 20 per cent of people with Down’s syndrome because of laxity in the ligaments between the skull and the spine.

75
Q

guarana

A

gua·ra·na (gwah-rah’nah),
A dried paste of the crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana (family Sapindaceae), a vine extensively cultivated in Brazil. It contains guaranine (caffeine), saponin, a volatile oil, and paullinitannic acid. Has been used to relieve headache.

76
Q

VO2

A

oxygen uptake
(redirected from VO 2)
ox·y·gen con·sump·tion (O2) (ok’si-jĕn kŏn-sŭmp’shŭn)
The volume of oxygen consumed by the body in 1 minute; it is reported in liters or mL per minute at STPD.
Synonym(s): oxygen uptake.

77
Q

Sarcopenia

A

The gradual loss of muscle mass with age.

  • It is normally about 0.5-1.0% per year after the age of 50, although it can begin as early as one’s 30s.
  • The primary risk factor is lack of exercise.
78
Q

Isometrics

A

The contraction of a muscle (it tightens, but doesn’t change length) without movement at the joint.

Usually performed by pushing or pulling against a stationary object and holding the contraction for five seconds and repeated three times.

Some providers worry about the induction of the valsalva maneuver with isometric exercises, which can cause increased blood pressure as a compensatory mechanism to counter the bradycardia associated with the Valsalva.

79
Q

Obstipation

A

Absence of BMs

80
Q

Desmosome

A

desmosome
des·mo·some (dez’mō-sōm),
A site of adhesion between two epithelial cells consisting, in each cell, of a dense attachment plaque with associated intermediate filaments and transmembrane proteins known as cadherins.
Synonym(s): bridge corpuscle, macula adherens
[desmo- + G. sōma, body]

81
Q

IOM

A

Institutes of Medicine

82
Q

Glossodynia

A

Tongue burning

83
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Heartburn

84
Q

Vomiting blood

A

Hematemesis

85
Q

Black, tarry stools

A

Melena

86
Q

Rectal bleeding

A

Hematochezia

87
Q

Opthalmalgia

A

Eye pain

88
Q

Tinea capitus

A

Scalp ringworm

89
Q

Tinea corporis

A

Body ringworm

90
Q

Tinea cruris

A

“Jock itch”

91
Q

Tinea pedis

A

“Athlete’s foot”

92
Q

Tinea manuum

A

Tinea of the hands

93
Q

Tinea cersicolor

A

Pityriasis versicolor

94
Q

Tinea unguium

A

Onychomycosis

95
Q

Herpes Simplex Signs and Symptoms

A

-Symptoms occur 2-21 days after exposure.

96
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness

Alopecia totalis (occurring over entire scalp and face)

Alopecia areatis (occurring in patchy areas)

Alopecia universalis (occurring over entire body)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) male pattern baldness

97
Q

Trichotillomania

A

Compulsive hair pulling. Pulling one’s hair out which may result in bald patches.

More commonly seen in children and teens.

98
Q

Chloasma

A

Dark patches on the skin of the face that develop during pregnancy.

99
Q

Melasma

A

More general term referring to hyperpigmentation of certain areas of the skin regardless of pregnancy status, as a result of sin exposure and hormonal influences.

Usually more common in women vs. men

First line treatments are skin-bleaching crams (hydroquinone) and strict sun avoidance.

100
Q

Melanosis

A

Diffuse hyperpigmentation.

Drugs known to cause this condition:

  1. Zidovudine
  2. Cyclophosphamide

Also:

  • Amiodarone
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Certain antimalarials
101
Q

Acral areas

A

Refers to extremities

102
Q

Xerosis

A

Dry skin

103
Q

urticaria

urticaria [ur″tĭ-ka´re-ah]

A

A vascular reaction of the skin marked by transient appearance of slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often attended by severe itching; the cause may be certain foods, infection, or emotional stress. (See Atlas 2, Plate D.) Called also hives. adj., adj urtica´rial.

104
Q

Violaceous

A

Red-violet color descriptor

105
Q

Exanthem

A

Synonym for rash (eruption is another synonym for rash).

Rashes are clinical manifestations of inflammation and have many etiologies.

106
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Skin cells

Take about 28 days to mature and originate in the basal layer, migrating to the surface (stratum corneum or horny layer).

107
Q

Candidiasis

A

AKA:
Monoliasis and Candidosis

Defined as an infection with the organism candida.

108
Q

Androgens

A

Sex hormones

109
Q

Keritinization

A

Epithelial cell stickiness

110
Q

Sheddingedu

A

Desquamation

111
Q

Acne

A

An inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland and accompanying hair follicle (collectively known as the pilosebaceous unit, of which there are approximately 5,000 units in the human body).

112
Q

Comedones

A

Non-inflammatory lesions classifies into two types:

  1. Whiteheads (closed comedones)
  2. Blackheads (open comedones)
113
Q

adrenarche

ad·ren·ar·che (ad-ren-ar’kē), Avoid

the mispronunciation ad’renarche.

A
  1. Growth of axillary and pubic hair induced by hyperactivity of the suprarenal cortex in early puberty.
  2. Physiologic change at puberty caused by adrenocortical secretion of androgenic hormones or their precursors.
    [adren- + G. archē, beginning]
114
Q

cheilitis [ki-li´tis]

A

inflammation of the lips.

115
Q

seborrhea

seborrhea [seb″o-re´ah]

A

excessive discharge from the sebaceous glands, forming greasy scales or cheesy plugs on the body; it is generally attended with itching or burning.

116
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

may be dry or moist and is characterized by greasy scales and yellowish crusts on the scalp, eyelids, face, external surfaces of the ears, underarms, breasts, and groin. In infants it is called “cradle cap.”

117
Q

rhinophyma

A

rhinophyma [ri″no-fi´mah]
a manifestation of severe rosacea involving the lower half of the nose and sometimes spreading to adjacent cheek areas, usually seen in adult males, and characterized by thickened, lobulated overgrowth of sebaceous glands and epithelial connective tissue

118
Q

Intertrigo or intertrigenous infections

A

Term used to describe the collective areas which may become infected with fungal and other infectious agents, includes areas between the toes; the groom; the axillae; and genital area.

119
Q

Balanitis

A

Term describing infection of the glans of the penis.

120
Q

Paronychium

A

Area around the nail

121
Q

dys·tro·phy (dis’trō-fē),

A

Progressive changes that may result from defective nutrition of a tissue or organ.
Synonym(s): dystrophia
[dys- + G. trophē, nourishment]

122
Q

onychomycosis

Onychomycosis

A

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails. The actual infection is of the bed of the nail and of the plate under the surface of the nail.

123
Q

rhinitis

Rhinitis

A

Definition
Rhinitis is inflammation of the mucous lining of the nose.
Description
Rhinitis is a nonspecific term that covers infections, allergies, and other disorders whose common feature is the location of their symptoms. In rhinitis, the mucous membranes become infected or irritated, producing a discharge, congestion, and swelling of the tissues. The most widespread form of infectious rhinitis is the common cold.

124
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness

125
Q

rhinorrhea (rī′nō-rē′ə)

n.

A

Discharge from the nasal mucous membrane, especially when excessive, as with an allergy or infection.

126
Q

ad·e·ni·tis (ad’ĕ-nī’tis),

A

Inflammation of a lymph node or of a gland.

[aden- + G. -itis, inflammation]

127
Q

Little’s Area (Kiessalbach’s plexus or triangle)

A

Area of the nasal cavity most commonly responsible for epistaxis. Located on the anterior superior portion of the nasal septum.

128
Q

Primary otalgia

A

Pain originating within the ear

129
Q

Referred otalgia

A

Pain originating outside the ear

130
Q

Fluctuance

A

Palpable fluid under the skin.

131
Q

Fibroblasts

A

A type of cell found in connective tissue; produces collagen.
Mentioned in: Skin Grafting

132
Q

hyperemia

hyperemia [hi″per-e´me-ah]

A

an excess of blood in a part; called also engorgement. adj., adj hypere´mic.

133
Q

Epiphoria

A

Excessive tearing

134
Q

DES (Dry Eye Syndrome)

A.K.A keratoconjunctivitis sicca or keratitis sicca

A

A multifactorial disease of the tears and the ocular surface. It occurs when the quantity or quality of tears fails to keep the surface of the eye adequately lubricated.

135
Q

ectropion

A

ectropion [ek-tro´pe-on]

eversion or turning outward, as of the margin of an eyelid.

136
Q

Hordeolum

A

Stye

137
Q

acrochordon

A

acrochordon [ak″ro-kor´don]

a pedunculated skin tag occurring principally on the neck, upper chest, and axillae in women of middle age or older.

138
Q

Photopsia

A

Flashing lights seen in visual fields

139
Q

PPLV

A

Painless Progressive Loss of Vision

140
Q

Myopia

A

Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry.

141
Q

Hyperopia

A

Hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image.

142
Q

chalazion

A

chalazion [kah-la´ze-on] (pl. chala´zia, chalazions) (Gr.)
a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland; it can sometimes be treated at home with the application of hot compresses, but while this method is usually successful with a sty, a similar infection that has not yet formed a cyst, chalazion often requires incision and drainage. Called also meibomian cyst.

143
Q

Trichiasis

A

Misdirection of the eyelashes

144
Q

entropion

A

entropion [en-tro´pe-on]

inversion, or the turning inward, as of the margin of an eyelid.

145
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age-related hearing loss

Typically irreversible and sensorineural in nature.

Typically results in high-frequency hearing loss initially, and is bilaterally symmetrical.

146
Q

Schwannoma

A

Rare tumor of CN VIII, the auditory or acoustic nerve.

Usually produces unilateral hearing loss, constant or progressive.

Possibly associated with headache.

There will also most likely be neurological changes, such as facial weakness and tingling and loss of taste and dysphagia.

147
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

A destructive growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium which can be associated with conductive hearing loss.

148
Q

Ceruminosis

A

Cerumen accumulation or impaction; can be the cause of conductive hearing loss.

149
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

150
Q

otomycosis

A

otomycosis [o″to-mi-ko´sis]
otitis externa caused by a fungal infection; it thrives in warm, moist climates and is encouraged by poor local hygiene and swimming. Symptoms include itching, which may be intense, pain, and a stinging sensation in the external acoustic meatus. It is treated with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection and the administration of ear drops containing neomycin or polymyxin B sulfate. The area should be cleaned locally with dilute aluminum acetate solution combined with acetic acid before ear drops are applied.

151
Q

uveitis

A

Uveitis
Definition
Uveitis is an inflammation of the uveal tract, which lines the inside of the eye behind the cornea. Much of the uvea lies between the retina and tough, outer sclera. The uveal tract has three parts: the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. Uveitis is categorized according to the part of the uveal tract that is affected. Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of the front part of the uveal tract; it includes inflammation of the iris (iritis) and inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body (iridocyclitis). Posterior uveitis is an inflammation of the part of the uveal tract behind the lens of the eye. It includes inflammation of the choroid (choroiditis) and inflammation of the choroid and retina (chorioretinitis). Uveitis that affects the entire uveal tract is called panuveitis or diffuse uveitis

152
Q

miotic

A

miotic [mi-ot´ik]

  1. pertaining to, characterized by, or causing miosis (contraction of the pupil).
  2. an agent that so acts.
153
Q

ca·tar·rhal (kă-tahr’ăl)

A

Relating to or affected by catarrh.
Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012
catarrh (kă-tăr′) [Gr. katarrhein, to flow down]
Term formerly applied to inflammation of mucous membranes, esp. of the head and throat. catarrhal (-ăl), adjective
dry

154
Q

Dennie lines

A

Excessive wrinkles under the lower lid typically associated with allergic rhinitis.

155
Q

The five viruses responsible for >95% of acute rhinosinusitis cases and uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections in the U.S.:

A
  1. Rhinovirus (30%)
  2. Coronavirus
  3. Adenovirus
  4. Echovirus
  5. Coxsackievirus

Also: respiratory syncytial virus; parainfluenza virus; and influenza virus.

156
Q

proptosis

A

proptosis [prop-to´sis]

forward displacement or bulging, especially of the eye.

157
Q

Opthalmalgia

A

Eye pain is also known as ophthalmalgia

158
Q

Acanthosis

A

Thickening of the epidermis

159
Q

Fundamental Principles of Dermatology:

A
  1. Eliminate precipitating factors
  2. Wet lesions should be dried
  3. Dried lesions should be hydrated
  4. Inflammation should be treated with corticosteroids
160
Q

Arnold Reflex

A

Cough reflex which may be elicited from ear hairs or cerumen impinging on the tympanic membrane.

161
Q

myositis

A

Myositis
Definition
Myositis is a rare disease in which the muscle fibers and skin are inflamed and damaged, resulting in muscle weakness. There are several types of myositis that affect different parts of the body.

162
Q

Myocarditis

A

myocarditis

Definition
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can result from a variety of causes. While most cases are produced by a viral infection, an inflammation of the heart muscle may also be instigated by toxins, drugs, and hypersensitive immune reactions. Myocarditis is a rare but serious condition that affects both males and females of any age.

163
Q

Syncope

A

A loss of consciousness that occurs abruptly and usually lasts for a few minutes.

  • Cardiac-related syncope is an ominous sign associated with high rates of mortality.
  • A syncopal episode may be the only warning sign of sudden impending cardiac death.
  • Arrythmias are a common cause
  • Presyncope is a state of light-headedness, feeling faint, and muscular weakness. It is most often cardiac in origin.
164
Q

Vertigo

A

The sensation of spinning that can often be reproduced by a change in head position.

165
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

  • May be cardiac or respiratory in origin (or have other possible causes-psychogenic).
  • Dyspnea may be an angina equivalent, especially in older adults and diabetics.
166
Q

Orthopnea

A

Shortness of breath that begins when the individual is in the supine position (I.e. lying face up in bed).

167
Q

PVD

A

Peripheral vascular disease

  • Affects the arteries and veins; often associated with a Jones’s in the legs.
  • Typically relates to atherosclerosis if arterial in nature and related to venous insufficiency i envy if venous in nature.
168
Q

Xanthomas

A

Yellowish skin deposits of cholesterol, commonly occur around the eyes (called xanthelasma).

169
Q

Anascara

A

Full body edema

170
Q

Dysentery

A

Frequent small stools containing blood and mucus.

171
Q

azotemia
azotemia [az″o-te´me-ah]
mic.

A

an excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. (This is the most precise name for the condition, although in the literature it is commonly referred to as uremia.) See also uremia. adj., adj azote´

172
Q

Strangury

A

Slow, painful urination

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