Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Viscid
A
viscid
viscid [vis´id]
glutinous or sticky.
2
Q
Bronchiectasis
A
bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
Definition
Bronchiectasis is a condition in which an area of the bronchial tubes is permanently and abnormally widened (dilated), with accompanying infection.
3
Q
PND
A
PND
Abbreviation for *paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip.
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea occurs 1-2 hours into sleep, concurrent with the redistribution of body fluids and a subsequent rise in Lacey atrial pressure.
- Causes sudden awakening due to difficulty breathing. Individual usually sits or stands to alleviate symptoms (taking about 10-30 minutes).
- As with orthopnea, a diagnosis of CHF should be ruled out in those with PND.
4
Q
Trypsin
A
trypsin (trĭp′sĭn)
n.
A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units.
5
Q
Parenchyma
A
parenchyma
parenchyma [pah-reng´kĭ-mah]
the essential or functional elements of an organ, as distinguished from its framework, which is called the stroma. adj., adj paren´chymal, parenchym´atous.
6
Q
Pyuria
A
pyuria
pyuria [pi-u´re-ah]
pus in the urine.
7
Q
Adenomyosis
A
adenomyosis
adenomyosis [ad″ĕ-no-mi-o´sis]
invasion of the muscular wall of an organ (e.g., uterus) by glandular tissue.
8
Q
Enuresis
A
enuresis (ĕn′yə-rē′sĭs)
n.
The involuntary discharge of urine; urinary incontinence.
9
Q
Otitis externa
A
otitis externa
Otitis Externa
Definition
Otitis externa refers to an infection of the ear canal, the tube leading from the outside opening of the ear in towards the ear drum
10
Q
Myopia
A
myopia
Myopia
Definition
Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry.
11
Q
Pylorus
A
pylorus (pī-lôr′əs, pĭ-)
n. pl. py·lori (-lôr′ī′)
The passage at the lower end of the stomach that opens into the duodenum.
12
Q
Hyposmia
A
Decreased sense of smell
13
Q
Anosmia
A
Absence of ability to smell; may be caused by the following
- Coup-countercoup type head injuries (damages the olfactory tract by over-stretching, but can usually repair itself)
- Fevers (typically related to infections)
14
Q
Thalidomide
A
thalidomide
(redirected from Thalidamide)
thalidomide [thah-lid´o-mīd]
a sedative and hypnotic that was commonly used in Europe in the late 1950s and 1960s. Its use was halted because use during early pregnancy was often followed by the birth of infants with serious developmental anomalies, notably malformation or absence of a limb or limbs. It is still used in treatment of erythema nodosum that complicates therapy for leprosy, administered orally.
15
Q
Urticaria
A
ur·ti·car·i·a (ŭr’ti-kar’i-ă),
An eruption of itching wheals, collquially called hives, usually of systemic origin; it may be due to a state of hypersensitivity to foods or drugs, foci of infection, physical agents (heat, cold, light, friction), or psychic stimuli.
Synonym(s): hives (1) , urtication (2)
16
Q
DES
A
DES
diethylstilbestrol (DES) [di-eth″il-stil-bes´trol]
a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used for palliative treatment of prostatic carcinoma and sometimes advanced breast carcinoma. It was formerly used to relieve vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, and in primary ovarian failure, female hypogonadism, atrophic vaginitis, kraurosis vulvae, and female castration. Most significantly, however, it was formerly widely used to prevent threatened abortion and premature labor. The female children who were thus exposed to the drug as fetuses have tended to have a variety of cervical abnormalities and an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the reproductive tract. Male offspring have sometimes had abnormal genitalia, epididymal cysts, and abnormal semen analyses. Regular examinations and follow-up are indicated for these individuals.
17
Q
Ectopy
A
ec·to·pi·a , ectopy (ek-tō’pē-ă, ektō-pē)
Congenital displacement of any organ or body part of the body.
[G. ektopos, out of place]
ectopy (ĕk′tə-pē)
n. pl. ecto·pies
1. The origination of cardiac electrical impulses in myocardium outside of the sinoatrial node. Also called ectopia.
18
Q
Suppurative
A
suppurative
sup·pu·ra·tive (sŭp’yŭ-ră-tiv),
Forming pus.
19
Q
Abacterial
A
abacterial abacterial (ā′băk-tîr′ē-əl) adj. 1. Not caused by bacteria. 2. Free of bacteria.
20
Q
FIT is an acronym for what?
A
Fecal Immunochemical Tests
21
Q
gFOBT is representative of what screening test?
A
guaic-based fecal occult blood test
22
Q
Catalysis
A
catalysis
catalysis [kah-tal´ĭ-sis]
increase in the velocity of a chemical reaction or process produced by the presence of a substance that is not consumed in the net chemical reaction or process; negative catalysis denotes the slowing down or inhibition of a reaction or process by the presence of such a substance. adj., adj catalyt´ic.
23
Q
Ayahuasca
A
ayahuasca (redirected from ayahuasco) caa·pi (ka'pē), A hallucinogenic preparation obtained from Banisteria caapi (family Malpighaceae), a South American jungle vine; contains harmine and other psychotomimetic principles. Synonym(s): ayahuasca
24
Q
Aphakia
A
aphakia
(redirected from aphacic)
aphakia [ah-fa´ke-ah]
absence of the lens of an eye, occurring congenitally or as a result of trauma or surgery. adj., adj apha´
25
Apharesis
apheresis
(redirected from aphaeresis)
apheresis [af″ĕ-re´sis]
any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion (such as plasma, leukocytes, or platelets) is separated and retained, and the remainder is retransfused into the donor. Types include erythrocytapheresis, leukapheresis, lymphocytapheresis, plasmapheresis, and plateletpheresis.. Called also hemapheresis and pheresis.
26
Dysautonomia
dysautonomia
dysautonomia [dis″aw-to-no´me-ah]
malfunction of the autonomic nervous system.
familial dysautonomia Riley-Day syndrome.
27
Ideomotor apraxia
ideomotor apraxia
i·de·o·ki·net·ic a·prax·i·a , ideomotor apraxia
a form of apraxia in which simple acts are incapable of being performed, presumably because the connections between the cortical centers that control volition and the motor cortex are interrupted.
Synonym(s): transcortical apraxia
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
ideomotor apraxia Neurology The inability to demonstrate the use of simple objects in absence of motor weakness
28
PCP
```
PCP 1 (pē′sē-pē′)
n.
Phencyclidine.
PCP 2
abbr.
pneumocystis pneumonia
```
29
Alkaptonuria
alkaptonuria
alkaptonuria [al-kap″to-nu´re-ah]
an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy characterized by accumulation of homogentisic acid. It is manifested by elevated concentrations of homogentisic acid in the urine (which darkens on standing or with alkalinization), a peculiar discoloration of body tissues known as ochronosis, and arthritis.
30
Consanguinity
consanguinity
consanguinity [kon″sang-gwin´ĭ-te]
blood relationship; kinship. adj., adj consanguin´eous.
31
GWAS
Genome Wide Association Studies
32
CPT (what does it stand for and what is its significance)?
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) is a medical code set that is used to report medical, surgical, and diagnostic procedures and services to entities such as physicians, health insurance companies and accreditation organizations.
33
Triglyceride
triglyceride
triglyceride [tri-glis´er-īd]
a compound consisting of three molecules of fatty acids bound with one molecule of glycerol; a neutral fat that is the usual storage form of lipids in animals.
Elevated serum triglycerides are now considered as important as high cholesterol levels in the development of ischemic heart disease. The normal range for serum triglycerides is 0 to 160 mg/100 ml.
34
Presbycusis
Age related hearing loss that results in the inability to register higher-frequency sounds.
35
Presbyopia
A universal age-related change in vision. It begins in most persons in their 40s; makes it difficult to see objects close up (i.e. reading). Despite presbyopic changes, vision should be correctable to 20/20 even in the very old.
36
Cataract
Clouding of the lens of the eye that reduces visual acuity.
In patients >75 years, more than half have visually significant cataracts.
Most can be successfully dealt with through corrective lenses and if that doesn’t work, removed through surgery and lens replacement.
37
Glaucoma
Condition of the eye where the fluid doesn’t drain correctly and the increased pressure damages the optic nerve.
Can not be cured, but eye drops can prevent further deterioration.
Glaucoma testing should be done annually or biannually.
Risk Factors:
- Diabetes
- Family History
- African Maerican (5x more likely to be afflicted)
38
Macular Degeneration
Loss of central vision; leading cause of blindness among older adults.
Use of Amalee Grid for detection (look at the dot and see wavy lines-diagnostic).
Cannot be reversed, but early detection can help slow progression.
39
Edentulism
Loss of all teeth.
40
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the alveolar sacs and surrounding tissues.
Causes may include:
-Viruses
- Bacteria
- Chemical irritants
- Aspiration of food or liquid
- Inactivity
- Living in close quarters
* Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for persons >65 years and older at least once during their lifetime.
PCV-13 (aka Prevnar 13)
PPSV-23 (aka Pneumovax 23)
41
Zostavax
Shingles vaccine
42
Andragogy
The art and science of teaching adults.
43
Pedagogy
The education of children
44
Pernicious
pernicious
pernicious [per-nish´us]
tending to a fatal outcome.
45
Chylomicrons
chylomicrons
chylomicrons Microscopic globules, 80 to 1000 nanometres in diameter, of fat, phospholipids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins and other materials. Chylomicrons are formed by the epithelium of the small intestine and are found in the blood during the ingestion of dietary fats, etc. The size of chylomicrons relates to the proportion of fats in the diet, being greatest after high-fat meals. Chylomicrons, and some of their contents are broken don in the liver and the constituents released.
46
Angina Pectoris
angina pec´toris acute pain in the chest resulting from myocardial ischemia (decreased blood supply to the heart muscle); the condition has also been called cardiac pain of effort and emotion because the pain is brought on by physical activity or emotional stress that places an added burden on the heart and increases the need for blood being supplied to the myocardium. Some patients can predict the kinds of events that will precipitate an attack while others are unaware of any relationship between onset of an attack and any particular situation in their lives.
47
Libido reticularis
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin.[1] The discoloration is caused by swelling of the venules owing to obstruction of capillaries by small blood clots. The blood clots in the small blood vessels can be a secondary effect of a condition that increases a person's risk of forming blood clots, including a wide array of pathological and nonpathological conditions. Examples include hyperlipidemia, microvascular hematological or anemia states, nutritional deficiencies, hyper- and autoimmune diseases, and drugs/toxins.
48
Confirmation Bias
A common bias in clinical reasoning.
*Seeking data to confirm, rather than refute the initial hypothesis.
49
CDR
Clinical Decision Rule
The most precise way to determine protest probability in the effort to make decisions for testing when considering Differential Diagnoses (DD)z
Infrequently available.
50
D.O.E
Dyspnea On Exertion
51
HNPCC
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
52
Ipsilateral
ipsilateral
ipsilateral [ip″sĭ-lat´er-al]
situated on or affecting the same side.
53
ACIP
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
54
Agraphia
Inability to write
55
Alexia
Alexia:
| Inability to read.
56
Fluent Aphasia
Fluent Aphasia:
Wernicke area affected:
- Lacks content
- Unable to comprehend spoken words and phrases.
- Unable to repeat or name objects.
57
Nonfluent Apahasia:
Nofluent Aphasia:
- Broca area affected
- Slow, scanning speech
- Intact comprehension
- Impaired writing ability
- Inability to express thoughts
58
Global Aphasia
Global Aphasia:
- Both Broca and Wernicke areas affected.
- Nonfluent speech
- Unable to comprehend, read, or write.
- Unable to name objects.
59
Apraxia
Apraxia:
Inability to execute volition all activity.
60
Dysdiadochokinesia
Dysdiadochokinesia:
Inability to complete rapid alternating movements (RAMs). Necessitates referral.
61
Romberg Test
Romberg Test:
Patient stands with feet together and eyes open for 20-30 seconds and then closed for 20-30 seconds-there should be minimal, if any, swaying.
62
Pronator Drift
Pronator Drift:
- Patient stands with feet together and eyes closed.
- Then, with eyes closed, patient holds arms out in front with palms up for 30 seconds.
- Both arms should remain in position; then gently press down on each wrist and the arm should return to previous position. (Referral if drift is present or if tremors).
63
Tandem Gait
Tandem Gait:
Ability to walk in a straight line, as if on a tight rope.
64
Ataxia
Ataxia:
Staggering, unsteady wide-based gait (necessitates referral).
Other gait issues requiring referral:
1. Foot drop
2. Spasticity or bradykinesia
3. Shuffling or Parkinson-like gait
65
Hyperesthesia
Hyperesthesia
Excessively sensitive to touch.
66
Paresthesia
Paresthesia:
Sensation without stimulation from examiner.
67
Stereognosis
Ability to recognize an object in the hand.
68
Two Point Discriminiation
If sensation felt only on one side, CNS sensory deficit is present on opposite side of brain.
69
Amaurosis
Loss of vision (immediate referral indicated).
70
Anisocoria
anisocoria
anisocoria [an-i″so-kor´e-ah]
inequality in size of the pupils of the eyes
71
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to enlarge the lumen of a sclerotic coronary artery (see accompanying illustration). This provides an alternative to cardiac bypass surgery for selected patients with ischemic heart disease
72
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
73
SCD
Sudden Cardiac Death
- More common in males
- Important to pick this up in sports physical if possible.
- CV conditions that predispose individuals to SCD are rare and difficult to treat.
74
atlanto-axial instability
atlanto-axial instability Abnormal mobility of the articulation of the ATLAS BONE with the AXIS BONE. This is demonstrable on X-ray by a separation of more than 3 mm, at the front, between the body of the atlas and the odontoid process of the axis. People with this abnormality should avoid activities that could bring about dislocation (subluxation) of the bones and serious risk to the spinal cord. Atlanto-axial instability is found in about 20 per cent of people with Down's syndrome because of laxity in the ligaments between the skull and the spine.
75
guarana
gua·ra·na (gwah-rah'nah),
A dried paste of the crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana (family Sapindaceae), a vine extensively cultivated in Brazil. It contains guaranine (caffeine), saponin, a volatile oil, and paullinitannic acid. Has been used to relieve headache.
76
VO2
oxygen uptake
(redirected from VO 2)
ox·y·gen con·sump·tion (O2) (ok'si-jĕn kŏn-sŭmp'shŭn)
The volume of oxygen consumed by the body in 1 minute; it is reported in liters or mL per minute at STPD.
Synonym(s): oxygen uptake.
77
Sarcopenia
The gradual loss of muscle mass with age.
- It is normally about 0.5-1.0% per year after the age of 50, although it can begin as early as one’s 30s.
- The primary risk factor is lack of exercise.
78
Isometrics
The contraction of a muscle (it tightens, but doesn’t change length) without movement at the joint.
Usually performed by pushing or pulling against a stationary object and holding the contraction for five seconds and repeated three times.
Some providers worry about the induction of the valsalva maneuver with isometric exercises, which can cause increased blood pressure as a compensatory mechanism to counter the bradycardia associated with the Valsalva.
79
Obstipation
Absence of BMs
80
Desmosome
desmosome
des·mo·some (dez'mō-sōm),
A site of adhesion between two epithelial cells consisting, in each cell, of a dense attachment plaque with associated intermediate filaments and transmembrane proteins known as cadherins.
Synonym(s): bridge corpuscle, macula adherens
[desmo- + G. sōma, body]
81
IOM
Institutes of Medicine
82
Glossodynia
Tongue burning
83
Dyspepsia
Heartburn
84
Vomiting blood
Hematemesis
85
Black, tarry stools
Melena
86
Rectal bleeding
Hematochezia
87
Opthalmalgia
Eye pain
88
Tinea capitus
Scalp ringworm
89
Tinea corporis
Body ringworm
90
Tinea cruris
“Jock itch”
91
Tinea pedis
“Athlete’s foot”
92
Tinea manuum
Tinea of the hands
93
Tinea cersicolor
Pityriasis versicolor
94
Tinea unguium
Onychomycosis
95
Herpes Simplex Signs and Symptoms
-Symptoms occur 2-21 days after exposure.
96
Alopecia
Baldness
Alopecia totalis (occurring over entire scalp and face)
Alopecia areatis (occurring in patchy areas)
Alopecia universalis (occurring over entire body)
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) male pattern baldness
97
Trichotillomania
Compulsive hair pulling. Pulling one’s hair out which may result in bald patches.
More commonly seen in children and teens.
98
Chloasma
Dark patches on the skin of the face that develop during pregnancy.
99
Melasma
More general term referring to hyperpigmentation of certain areas of the skin regardless of pregnancy status, as a result of sin exposure and hormonal influences.
Usually more common in women vs. men
First line treatments are skin-bleaching crams (hydroquinone) and strict sun avoidance.
100
Melanosis
Diffuse hyperpigmentation.
Drugs known to cause this condition:
1. Zidovudine
2. Cyclophosphamide
Also:
- Amiodarone
- Chlorpromazine
- Certain antimalarials
101
Acral areas
Refers to extremities
102
Xerosis
Dry skin
103
urticaria
| urticaria [ur″tĭ-ka´re-ah]
A vascular reaction of the skin marked by transient appearance of slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often attended by severe itching; the cause may be certain foods, infection, or emotional stress. (See Atlas 2, Plate D.) Called also hives. adj., adj urtica´rial.
104
Violaceous
Red-violet color descriptor
105
Exanthem
Synonym for rash (eruption is another synonym for rash).
Rashes are clinical manifestations of inflammation and have many etiologies.
106
Keratinocytes
Skin cells
Take about 28 days to mature and originate in the basal layer, migrating to the surface (stratum corneum or horny layer).
107
Candidiasis
AKA:
Monoliasis and Candidosis
Defined as an infection with the organism candida.
108
Androgens
Sex hormones
109
Keritinization
Epithelial cell stickiness
110
Sheddingedu
Desquamation
111
Acne
An inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland and accompanying hair follicle (collectively known as the pilosebaceous unit, of which there are approximately 5,000 units in the human body).
112
Comedones
Non-inflammatory lesions classifies into two types:
1. Whiteheads (closed comedones)
2. Blackheads (open comedones)
113
adrenarche
ad·ren·ar·che (ad-ren-ar'kē), Avoid
the mispronunciation ad'renarche.
1. Growth of axillary and pubic hair induced by hyperactivity of the suprarenal cortex in early puberty.
2. Physiologic change at puberty caused by adrenocortical secretion of androgenic hormones or their precursors.
[adren- + G. archē, beginning]
114
cheilitis [ki-li´tis]
inflammation of the lips.
115
seborrhea
seborrhea [seb″o-re´ah]
excessive discharge from the sebaceous glands, forming greasy scales or cheesy plugs on the body; it is generally attended with itching or burning.
116
Seborrheic dermatitis
may be dry or moist and is characterized by greasy scales and yellowish crusts on the scalp, eyelids, face, external surfaces of the ears, underarms, breasts, and groin. In infants it is called "cradle cap."
117
rhinophyma
rhinophyma [ri″no-fi´mah]
a manifestation of severe rosacea involving the lower half of the nose and sometimes spreading to adjacent cheek areas, usually seen in adult males, and characterized by thickened, lobulated overgrowth of sebaceous glands and epithelial connective tissue
118
Intertrigo or intertrigenous infections
Term used to describe the collective areas which may become infected with fungal and other infectious agents, includes areas between the toes; the groom; the axillae; and genital area.
119
Balanitis
Term describing infection of the glans of the penis.
120
Paronychium
Area around the nail
121
dys·tro·phy (dis'trō-fē),
Progressive changes that may result from defective nutrition of a tissue or organ.
Synonym(s): dystrophia
[dys- + G. trophē, nourishment]
122
onychomycosis
| Onychomycosis
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails. The actual infection is of the bed of the nail and of the plate under the surface of the nail.
123
rhinitis
| Rhinitis
Definition
Rhinitis is inflammation of the mucous lining of the nose.
Description
Rhinitis is a nonspecific term that covers infections, allergies, and other disorders whose common feature is the location of their symptoms. In rhinitis, the mucous membranes become infected or irritated, producing a discharge, congestion, and swelling of the tissues. The most widespread form of infectious rhinitis is the common cold.
124
Dysphonia
Hoarseness
125
rhinorrhea (rī′nō-rē′ə)
| n.
Discharge from the nasal mucous membrane, especially when excessive, as with an allergy or infection.
126
ad·e·ni·tis (ad'ĕ-nī'tis),
Inflammation of a lymph node or of a gland.
| [aden- + G. -itis, inflammation]
127
Little’s Area (Kiessalbach’s plexus or triangle)
Area of the nasal cavity most commonly responsible for epistaxis. Located on the anterior superior portion of the nasal septum.
128
Primary otalgia
Pain originating within the ear
129
Referred otalgia
Pain originating outside the ear
130
Fluctuance
Palpable fluid under the skin.
131
Fibroblasts
A type of cell found in connective tissue; produces collagen.
Mentioned in: Skin Grafting
132
hyperemia
| hyperemia [hi″per-e´me-ah]
an excess of blood in a part; called also engorgement. adj., adj hypere´mic.
133
Epiphoria
Excessive tearing
134
DES (Dry Eye Syndrome)
A.K.A keratoconjunctivitis sicca or keratitis sicca
A multifactorial disease of the tears and the ocular surface. It occurs when the quantity or quality of tears fails to keep the surface of the eye adequately lubricated.
135
ectropion
ectropion [ek-tro´pe-on]
| eversion or turning outward, as of the margin of an eyelid.
136
Hordeolum
Stye
137
acrochordon
acrochordon [ak″ro-kor´don]
| a pedunculated skin tag occurring principally on the neck, upper chest, and axillae in women of middle age or older.
138
Photopsia
Flashing lights seen in visual fields
139
PPLV
Painless Progressive Loss of Vision
140
Myopia
Myopia is the medical term for nearsightedness. People with myopia see objects more clearly when they are close to the eye, while distant objects appear blurred or fuzzy. Reading and close-up work may be clear, but distance vision is blurry.
141
Hyperopia
Hyperopia (farsightedness) is the condition of the eye where incoming rays of light reach the retina before they converge into a focused image.
142
chalazion
chalazion [kah-la´ze-on] (pl. chala´zia, chalazions) (Gr.)
a small eyelid mass resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland; it can sometimes be treated at home with the application of hot compresses, but while this method is usually successful with a sty, a similar infection that has not yet formed a cyst, chalazion often requires incision and drainage. Called also meibomian cyst.
143
Trichiasis
Misdirection of the eyelashes
144
entropion
entropion [en-tro´pe-on]
| inversion, or the turning inward, as of the margin of an eyelid.
145
Presbycusis
Age-related hearing loss
Typically irreversible and sensorineural in nature.
Typically results in high-frequency hearing loss initially, and is bilaterally symmetrical.
146
Schwannoma
Rare tumor of CN VIII, the auditory or acoustic nerve.
Usually produces unilateral hearing loss, constant or progressive.
Possibly associated with headache.
There will also most likely be neurological changes, such as facial weakness and tingling and loss of taste and dysphagia.
147
Cholesteatoma
A destructive growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium which can be associated with conductive hearing loss.
148
Ceruminosis
Cerumen accumulation or impaction; can be the cause of conductive hearing loss.
149
Deglutition
Swallowing
150
otomycosis
otomycosis [o″to-mi-ko´sis]
otitis externa caused by a fungal infection; it thrives in warm, moist climates and is encouraged by poor local hygiene and swimming. Symptoms include itching, which may be intense, pain, and a stinging sensation in the external acoustic meatus. It is treated with antibiotics to prevent secondary infection and the administration of ear drops containing neomycin or polymyxin B sulfate. The area should be cleaned locally with dilute aluminum acetate solution combined with acetic acid before ear drops are applied.
151
uveitis
Uveitis
Definition
Uveitis is an inflammation of the uveal tract, which lines the inside of the eye behind the cornea. Much of the uvea lies between the retina and tough, outer sclera. The uveal tract has three parts: the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. Uveitis is categorized according to the part of the uveal tract that is affected. Anterior uveitis is an inflammation of the front part of the uveal tract; it includes inflammation of the iris (iritis) and inflammation of the iris and the ciliary body (iridocyclitis). Posterior uveitis is an inflammation of the part of the uveal tract behind the lens of the eye. It includes inflammation of the choroid (choroiditis) and inflammation of the choroid and retina (chorioretinitis). Uveitis that affects the entire uveal tract is called panuveitis or diffuse uveitis
152
miotic
miotic [mi-ot´ik]
1. pertaining to, characterized by, or causing miosis (contraction of the pupil).
2. an agent that so acts.
153
ca·tar·rhal (kă-tahr'ăl)
Relating to or affected by catarrh.
Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012
catarrh (kă-tăr′) [Gr. katarrhein, to flow down]
Term formerly applied to inflammation of mucous membranes, esp. of the head and throat. catarrhal (-ăl), adjective
dry
154
Dennie lines
Excessive wrinkles under the lower lid typically associated with allergic rhinitis.
155
The five viruses responsible for >95% of acute rhinosinusitis cases and uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections in the U.S.:
1. Rhinovirus (30%)
2. Coronavirus
3. Adenovirus
4. Echovirus
5. Coxsackievirus
Also: respiratory syncytial virus; parainfluenza virus; and influenza virus.
156
proptosis
proptosis [prop-to´sis]
| forward displacement or bulging, especially of the eye.
157
Opthalmalgia
Eye pain is also known as ophthalmalgia
158
Acanthosis
Thickening of the epidermis
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Fundamental Principles of Dermatology:
1. Eliminate precipitating factors
2. Wet lesions should be dried
3. Dried lesions should be hydrated
4. Inflammation should be treated with corticosteroids
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Arnold Reflex
Cough reflex which may be elicited from ear hairs or cerumen impinging on the tympanic membrane.
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myositis
Myositis
Definition
Myositis is a rare disease in which the muscle fibers and skin are inflamed and damaged, resulting in muscle weakness. There are several types of myositis that affect different parts of the body.
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Myocarditis
myocarditis
Definition
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle (myocardium) that can result from a variety of causes. While most cases are produced by a viral infection, an inflammation of the heart muscle may also be instigated by toxins, drugs, and hypersensitive immune reactions. Myocarditis is a rare but serious condition that affects both males and females of any age.
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Syncope
A loss of consciousness that occurs abruptly and usually lasts for a few minutes.
* Cardiac-related syncope is an ominous sign associated with high rates of mortality.
* A syncopal episode may be the only warning sign of sudden impending cardiac death.
- Arrythmias are a common cause
- Presyncope is a state of light-headedness, feeling faint, and muscular weakness. It is most often cardiac in origin.
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Vertigo
The sensation of spinning that can often be reproduced by a change in head position.
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Dyspnea
Shortness of breath
* May be cardiac or respiratory in origin (or have other possible causes-psychogenic).
* Dyspnea may be an angina equivalent, especially in older adults and diabetics.
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Orthopnea
Shortness of breath that begins when the individual is in the supine position (I.e. lying face up in bed).
167
PVD
Peripheral vascular disease
- Affects the arteries and veins; often associated with a Jones’s in the legs.
- Typically relates to atherosclerosis if arterial in nature and related to venous insufficiency i envy if venous in nature.
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Xanthomas
Yellowish skin deposits of cholesterol, commonly occur around the eyes (called xanthelasma).
169
Anascara
Full body edema
170
Dysentery
Frequent small stools containing blood and mucus.
171
azotemia
azotemia [az″o-te´me-ah]
mic.
an excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood. (This is the most precise name for the condition, although in the literature it is commonly referred to as uremia.) See also uremia. adj., adj azote´
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Strangury
Slow, painful urination
