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My EMT > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood glucose
>120

S/S: Increased thirst, blurred vision, frequent urination, 3 p’s, red

Treatment: ensure they’ve administered their insulin

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2
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood glucose levels
<60 mg/dL

S/S: hunger, shakiness, perspiration, dizziness/lightheaded, sleepiness, confusion, unconscious, ALOC

Treatment: give glucose gel if it can be self administered

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3
Q

Hypoperfusion

A
  • Shock
  • inadequate delivery of O2 can result in organ system failure

S/S: distended jugular vein, weak/absent pulse, abnormal pulse, abnormal heart rhythms/fast HR, exaggerated reduced BP, Hypotensive (low BP)

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4
Q

Hypovolemic Shock

A
  • Inadequate fluid/volume in circulatory system
  • 2 types:
    Hemorrhagic: injuries involving bleeding (burns, crushing injuries, loss of blood)
    Non-Hemorrhagic: vomiting & diarrhea (dehydration)
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5
Q

Visceral pain

A

Acute abdominal pain: dull, diffuse pain. Difficult to localize. Frequent vomiting & nausea

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6
Q

Parietal pain

A

Acute abdominal pain:

  • Severe, localized pain. Usually sharp and constant.
  • Patient will often cut up in a ball, breathing slowly to diminish pain
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7
Q

Appendicitis

A
  • inflammation of the appendix
  • can lead to septic shock
  • s/s:
    • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever
    • pain begins as diffuse, but then localized to right lower quadrant
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8
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A
  • Compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup in sac around the heart.
  • Causes dramatic decrease in BP (hypotension), shortness of breath, and lightheaded-ness
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9
Q

Injury to C7

A
  • May be unable to move the intercostal muscles (muscles btw ribs that help with breathing)
  • May breathe entirely with the diaphragm (aka. Belly breathing)
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10
Q

Chest injury breaths

A

Often rapid and shallow

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11
Q

Embolism

A

Clot/blockage in an artery

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12
Q

Edema

A

Fluid buildup

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13
Q

Meconium

A
  • Fecal matter ingested during the time infant is in the uterus
  • Check immediately upon delivery
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14
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Small, lower part of the sternum

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15
Q

Decompression sickness

A
  • Painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues (ex. Bends)
  • S/S:
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16
Q

Signs of shock

A
  • Cool/Clammy/Pale
  • High HR
  • High RR
  • nausea/vomiting
  • dilated pupils
  • dizziness
  • ALOC
    Weakness/Fatigue/Lathargic
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17
Q

Hypothermia

A
  • Systemic cold emergency, when body temp falls lower than needed to maintain homeostasis
  • S/S:
    - cold, pale, cyanosis
    - shivering; ceases in extreme cases
    - loss of coordination/muscle stiffness
    - ALOC
    - Low HR, RR, and BP
  • Treatment:
    - manage life threats
    - remove from cold and warm slowly
    - remove wet clothes
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18
Q

Extreme injury (6 P’s)

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Pulseless-ness
  • Paresthesia (pins & needles)
  • Paralysis
  • Pressure
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19
Q

Septic shock

A
  • Shock resulting from infection (can mimic a stroke)
  • S/S:
    - SOB
    - Dramatic increase in HR
    - Lowered BP
    - ALOC
    - Dark/less urine
    - Cool, Clammy skin
    - Dizzy/weakness
    - Fever (body fighting infection)
    - Nausea/Vomiting/loss of appetite/diarrhea
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20
Q

Gastric distension

A
  • Enlargement of the stomach
  • Caused by blood/air collected in abdomen
  • Treat: transport asap
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21
Q

Drug overdose

A

DOACRE:

Drug
Onset
Amount
Chief complaint
Route of administration
Elicit / illicit
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22
Q

Bronchospasms

A
  • Sudden contraction of the walls of the bronchioles

- Causes difficulty breathing

23
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A
  • Sudden onset of collapsed lung

- Absent breath sounds in lower part of lung

24
Q

COPD

A

“Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease”

  • Progressive Lung Disease:
    - Emphysema
    - Chronic Bronchitis
    - Refractory asthma
  • Treatment:
    - Give O2, but not too much, because it can worsen the chronic diseases
25
Q

Pleuritic Chet Pain

A
  • Sudden and intense sharp, stabbing, or burning pain in inhaling or exhaling
  • Exacerbated by:
    - deep breathing
    - coughing
    - sneezing
    - laughing
  • Cause: inflammation of parietal pleura (outer layer of lungs)
26
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate

27
Q

Emphysema

A

Shortness of breath due to damaged alveoli (air sacs in lungs)

28
Q

Priapism

A

Persisting and painful erection - indicative of spinal injury in trauma

29
Q

JVD

A

“Jugular Vein Distention”

  • What: vein on side of neck bulges
  • Causes:
    - (R) sides heart failure
    - pulmonary hypertension (high BP, affects arteries in lungs and (R) side of heart)
    - Tricuspid Valve Stenosis: Valve stiffening that separates the (R) atrium and (R) ventricle = blood backup
    - Superior Vena Cava Obstruction: tumor/clot
    - constrictive pericarditis: fluid filled sac around heart becomes stiff
    - cardiac tamponade: buildup of fluid in pericardium
  • Treatment: O2, possible shock, drive fast
30
Q

Tracheal deviation

A
  • trachea pushes to one side of neck
  • causes:
    - pressure buildup in the chest cavity/neck (injury causing lots of swelling/internal bleeding)
    - pneumothorax
    - multimodal goiter (enlarger thyroid gland)
    - pleural effusion: extra fluid un pleural cavity around lungs
    - pleural fibrosis: pleura (membrane around lungs) inflammation
    - pulmonary fibrosis: stiffening of lungs
    - atelectasis: lung collapse, b/c alveoli can’t hold air
  • treatment: O2, possible shock, drive fast
31
Q

Crepitus

A
  • Creaking, cracking, graying occurs when moving a joint, rubbing together of bones
  • air bubbles, arthritis, broken bones
32
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Clotting of arteries

33
Q

5 stages of grief

A

May occur in order, simultaneously, or junk between

  1. Denial
  2. Anger/hostility
  3. Bargaining
  4. Depression
  5. Acceptance
34
Q

Excited delirium

A
  • aka. Agitated delirium or Exhaustive Mania
  • Impairment un cognitive function
  • s/s:
    - hyperactive irrational behavior with possible vivid hallucinations
    - hypertension
    - tachycardia
    - diaphoresis
    - dilated pupils
35
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • s/s:
    - delusions
    - hallucination
    - lack of interest in pleasure
    - erratic speech
  • treat:
    - clearly identify yourself
    - calm, direct, straightforward
    - do not argue
    - don’t support delusions
    - explain what you’d like to do
    - involve loved/trusted people
36
Q

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

A
  • Sudden alcohol withdrawal
  • s/s:
    - agitation
    - fever
    - sweating
    - tremors
    - confusion/disorientation
    - delusions/hallucinations
    - seizures
37
Q

Tensions Pneumothorax

A
  • If Pneumothorax isn’t fixed, it’ll become tension

- Lung leaking air into chest, causing feeling of pressure and moves everything over (tracheal deviation)

38
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid buildup in pleural space (space around lungs), due to poor pumping of the heart

39
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Edema = swelling/excess fluid

Fluid in lungs

40
Q

Hypoxia

A
  • Lack of O2
  • s/s:
    - restlessness
    - anxiety
    - irritability
    - Dyspnea (labored breathing)
    - tachycardia (HR >100)
    - lowered or ALOC
    - cyanosis
    - bradycardia (HR <60)
41
Q

Hematochezia

A

Bloody stool

Often a s/s of GI bleed

42
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

Often a s/s of a GI bleed

43
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Blockage of a cerebral artery

44
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

45
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A
  • Presence of air in the soft tissues of the neck
  • commonly occurs due to blunt trauma
  • Presents with characteristic crackling sensation upon palpating the neck
46
Q

Air embolism

A
  • Air exists in the vascular system
  • If a vein is punctured within the neck, air may be sucked through to the heart. If enough air is present in the right atrium and ventricle, cardiac arrest may occur
47
Q

Evisceration

A
  • abdominal wound in which internal organs are protruding outward
  • treatment: moistened sterile gauze and secured with an occlusive dressing
48
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds

49
Q

hypersomnolence

A

Excessive sleepiness

50
Q

Ataxia

A

Impaired balance or coordination

51
Q

Types of burns

A

Superficial - first degree, only epidermis (sunburn); mild erythema and pain at the site, without blisters

Superficial partial-thickness - second degree burn, epidermis and superficial dermis (thin walled blisters); appear pink, moist, and soft, and tender to touch

Deep partial-thickness - second degree burn, extend into reticular dermis (thick walled blisters); appear red and blanched white with slow cap refill, usually ruptured blisters

Full-thickness - third degree burn, extends into subcutaneous layer or deeper; affected area is dry, leathery, dark brown or charred, may feel hard. May be lacking sensation due to damaged nerve endings

52
Q

BVM volumes

A

Adult: 1,200 - 1,600 mL
Child: 500-700 mL
Infant: 150-240 mL

53
Q

Standard vital signs

A 
1) respirations: 
   Adult: 12-20
   Children: 15-30
   Infants: 25-50
2) pulse: 
   Adult: 60-100
   Child: 80-120
   Infant: >100
3) Blood Pressure
   Adult: 120/80 (100+ age for men, 90+age for women)
   Child: 80+ 2(age)
4) Pupils
5) Skin signs
6) Pulse Oximetry (SaO2)
54
Q

Left ventricle heart failure

A

Causes fluid to backup in lungs, can cause pulmonary edema = dyspraxia, hypoxia, crackles in the lungs

Most common cause of of right ventricular heart failure (causes JVD and peripheral edema) is left ventricular heart failure

My EMT (4 decks)

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