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ESTA - AV > MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > Flashcards

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Dislocation

A

Displacement of one or more bones from their normal location

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2
Q

Fracture

A

Any damage or break to a bone

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3
Q

Potts Fracture

A

A fracture across the lower end of the fibula, just above the ankle

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4
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of speech

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5
Q

Coma

A

A state of unrousable consciousness

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6
Q

Concussion

A

Injury to the brain resulting in a disturbance of normal brain function

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7
Q

Convulsion

A

Generalised involuntary contraction of muscle

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8
Q

Dementia

A

Loss of mental (intellectual) function due to organic brain disease

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9
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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10
Q

Dysphasia

A

Difficulty speaking

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11
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain due to infection

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12
Q

Epilepsy

A

Transient disturbances of brain function

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13
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Paraesthesia affecting one side of the body

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14
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

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15
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges (outer layer of the brain)

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16
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

A degenerative disease of the nervous system resulting in loss of motor function

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17
Q

Paralysis

A

Muscle weakness that varies in its severity and degree

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18
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower legs

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19
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Tingling sensation often described as pins and needles

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20
Q

Post Ictal

A

The stage following convulsion

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21
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of the limbs and torso

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22
Q

Seizure

A

Convulsion

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23
Q

Schizophrenia

A

A psychiatric disorder characterised by disintegration of thinking process, reality and emotional responses

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24
Q

Sciatica

A

Pain in the back and outer side of the upper leg

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25
Q

Stroke

A

Interruption of blood flow in the brain

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26
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting caused by vasovagal reaction

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27
Q

Vertigo

A

Dizziness

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28
Q

Anaemia

A

Reduction of quantity of oxygen carrying cells in the blood

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29
Q

Aneurysm

A

Balloon like swelling in the walls of the arteries

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30
Q

Angina

A

Reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle in the coronary arteries

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31
Q

Atrial

A

Relating to the upper chambers of the heart

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32
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Pressure of the blood in the arteries, usually measured in mmHg

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33
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate

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34
Q

Cardia/Cardiac

A

Relating to the heart

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35
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Cessation of effective pumping action by the heart muscle

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36
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discolouration of the The skin and mucus membrane, resulting from lack of oxygen

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37
Q

Defibrillation

A

An electric shock administered to restore normal rhythm in cardiac arrest

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38
Q

Diastole

A

The period between contractions when the heart muscle relaxes

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39
Q

Embolus

A

A clot in the artery which obstructs the flow of blood

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40
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

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41
Q

Fibrillation

A

A rapid unco-ordinated heart muscle action resulting in inadequate circulation

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42
Q

Frank

A

Fresh blood

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43
Q

Haematoma

A

Accumulation of blood within tissue

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44
Q

Haemorrhage

A

Bleeding

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45
Q

Heart Block

A

Impairment of normal electrical conduction in the heart

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46
Q

Hypertension

A

Elevation of arterial blood pressure

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47
Q

Hypotension

A

Decrease in arterial blood pressure

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48
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Decreased volume of circulating blood

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49
Q

Infarction

A

Death of tissue as a result of inadequate oxygen supply

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50
Q

Myocardial

A

Relating to the myocardium (heart muscle)

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51
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Any variation from the normal cardiac rhythm (normal sinus rhythm)

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52
Q

Ischaemia

A

Inadequate circulation of blood caused by constriction or blockage in the blood vessels

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53
Q

Oedema

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid in body tissue

54
Q

Systole

A

The period of the cardiac cycle during with the heart muscle contracts

55
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate, usually over 100bpm

56
Q

Thrombosis

A

A blood clot

57
Q

Vasovagal

A

A nerve response which causes a drop in blood pressure and heart rate leading to fainting

58
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

A life threatening cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart quivers resulting in inadequate circulation

59
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

A life threatening cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart rate increases to a level where adequate circulation is not achieved

60
Q

Agonal Breathing

A

Pertaining to the period proceeding death, usually a matter of minutes, but occasionally indicating a period of several hours. This is seen as a breath, followed by release of air and a long pause before the next breath is taken.

61
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

An extreme and generalised allergic reaction which is life threatening

62
Q

Asphyxia

A

A life threatening condition in which oxygen cannot enter the respiratory system due to injury or obstruction

63
Q

Asthma

A

Acute respiratory distress as a result of swelling in the airway (bronchospasm)

64
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi (lower airway)

65
Q

Cheyne Stoke

A

Sometimes known as death rattles, a condition in which breathing slows down until it stops for several seconds before speeding up to a peak and then slowing down and repeating the cycle again.

66
Q

Croup

A

Inflammation and obstruction of the larynx (voice box) in children, often the result of an infection.

67
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Laboured or difficult breathing

68
Q

Emphysema

A

Enlarged alveoli in the lungs which reduces the exchange of gasses

69
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

70
Q

Haemoptysis

A

Coughing blood

71
Q

Haemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

72
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing at an abnormally rapid rate

73
Q

Hypoxia

A

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

74
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura, usually due to pneumonia

75
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial infection

76
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse

77
Q

Pulmonary

A

Relating to the lungs

78
Q

Pulmonary Embolus

A

A clot formed in an artery in or around the lungs

79
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A

Cessation of breathing

80
Q

Stridor

A

A high pitched breathing sound indicating obstruction of the trachea or larynx

81
Q

Tachypnoea

A

Increased respiratory rate, usually >20 per minute

82
Q

Thoracic

A

Related to the chest (thorax)

83
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

84
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder

85
Q

Colic

A

Acute abdominal pain

86
Q

Colostomy

A

A surgical opening through which faecal matter drains or to allow decompression of the intestines

87
Q

Diabetes

A

A metabolic disorder in which sufficient insulin is produced by the pancreas

88
Q

Diarrhoea

A

Loose bowel action

89
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the gastro-intestinal area

90
Q

Haematuria

A

Blood in the urine

91
Q

Haematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

92
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

93
Q

Hernia

A

The protrusion of part of an organ through an opening

94
Q

Hyperglycaemia

A

High blood sugar level: >10mmol/L

95
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

Low blood sugar level: <4mmol/L

96
Q

Incontinence

A

Loss of bladder or bowel control

97
Q

Jaundice

A

A yellow discolouration of the skin usually due to liver dysfunction

98
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Elevated number of ketones which may rise due to diabetes or persistent vomiting

99
Q

Malaena

A

Blood and faeces discharged from the bowels

100
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling the need to vomit

101
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

102
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal cavity (peritoneum)

103
Q

Dialysis

A

A procedure where waste products are removed from the kidneys

104
Q

Renal

A

Relating to the kidneys

105
Q

Breech Birth

A

Presentation of the infant’s leg, arms or buttocks instead of the head

106
Q

Caesarean

A

A surgical operation to remove an infant through the abdominal wall

107
Q

Eclampsia

A

A condition during pregnancy which may lead to elevated blood pressure, oedema and convulsions

108
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

The development of a foetus at a site other than in the uterus

109
Q

Foetus

A

An embryo during the later stages of development in the uterus (8 weeks till birth)

110
Q

Gestation

A

The period of development of a foetus in the uterus (pregnancy)

111
Q

Pre-Eclampsia

A

The early stages of eclampsia

112
Q

Carcinoma

113
Q

Chemotherapy

A

A form of drug treatment for cancer

114
Q

Leukaemia

A

Any of a group of malignant diseases in which abnormally large numbers of white blood cells (leukocytes) are present

115
Q

Malignant

116
Q

Metastasis

A

The distant spread of disease from its original site

117
Q

Tumour

A

Abnormal formation or growth of cells

118
Q

Exposure

A

The term given to being exposed to extremes of temperature

119
Q

Febrile

A

Elevated body temperature (>37.5)

120
Q

Frostbite

A

Extremely low temperature of the extremities

121
Q

Hyperthermia

A

High body temperature usually from prolonged exposure to high temperatures

122
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormally low body temperature usually from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures

123
Q

Pyrexia

A

Elevated body temperature

124
Q

Angiogram

A

Radiological imaging of blood vessels

125
Q

Angioplasty

A

Insertion of a catheter which has an inflatable balloon to widen obstructed artery

126
Q

Barium

A

A radio opaque contrast used to highlight the gastro-intestinal tract on x-rays

127
Q

Biopsy

A

Surgical removal of tissue for evaluation

128
Q

Cannula

A

A tube inserted into part of the body

129
Q

Catheter

A

A tube inserted into an organ or cavity

130
Q

Intubation

A

The insertion of a tube into the upper airway through which the patient breathes

ESTA - AV (9 decks)

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