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NUR101 Health Assessments > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute

A

Sudden onset/short duration
Intense or Severe

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2
Q

Chronic

A

Long lasting/Persistent
can develop gradually

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3
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to internal sounds
Usually w/stethoscope

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4
Q

Palpation

A

Using your hands to exam body during physical exam
Hands on method used in gathering important information

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5
Q

Percussion

A

Technique used during physical exam by tapping on specific part of body to listen to sounds it produces

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6
Q

Resonance

A

Low pitched, hollow sound heard during percussion over air filled areas of body
**Abnormal resonance/Lack of resonance can indicate issues like fluid build up or a mass

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7
Q

Hyperresonance

A

Abnormal/louder/low pitched sound heard during percussion over areas of body that contain more air than normal
Indicates too much air in a body cavity, which can suggest an underlying health issue

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8
Q

Dullness

A

Sound heard during percussion that is soft, short, and high pitched
Suggest area is solid or filled w/something other than air

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9
Q

Flatness

A

solid/air less area
Sound heard during percussion over a dense structure w/no air (like bone/thick muscle)
produces a very soft/high pitched brief sound
Indicates area has NO air

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10
Q

Tympany

A

Refers to high pitched drum like sound that is heard during percussion over hollow air filled spaces in the body

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11
Q

Carotid Pulse

A

Blood vessel in neck
one on each side of neck
Supplies blood to brain/neck/face

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12
Q

Brachial

A

Located in upper arm
Runs down arm
Starting at should and continues to elbow
Supplies blood to arm and hand
Checked on inside of elbow

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13
Q

Radial

A

Main artery in forearm
Runs along thumb side of forearm and wrist
Check on wrist just below base of thumb

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14
Q

Popliteal

A

Blood vessel behind the knees
Supplies blood to lower legs and foot
Felt in back of knee
Often used to assess blow flow to the lower legs and feet

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15
Q

Posterior Tibial

A

Blood vessel in lower leg
Runs along back of leg, near the ankle and supplies blood to foot
Commonly checked behind inner ankle bone(medial malleolus)
Provides blood to the lower leg and foot

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16
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Blood vessel located on the top of foot
Supplies blood to feet and toes
Felt on top of foot, just between the 1st and 2nd toes
Assess blood flow to the lower extrimities

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17
Q

Femoral

A

Largest artery in thigh
Main vessel supplying oxygen rich blood to lower body
Starts in groin area and runs down leg
Felt in groin
Crucial role in blood flow to legs

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18
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin/eyes/mucous membranes
Caused by excess bilirubin

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19
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Bruise/bleeding under the skin

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20
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise/blood pooling under the skin
Occurs when small blood vessels under skin damaged from a blow/trauma/injury

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21
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish/purple discoloration of skin/lips/nails due to low oxygen levels in blood

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22
Q

Petechiae

A

Small/red-purple spots caused by tiny blood vessels breaking under the skin

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23
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of skin caused by increase in blood flow -often due to irritation or inflammation

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24
Q

Derm-

A

skin

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25
Q

Cutaneo-

A

skin

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26
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

areas of skin darker than surrounding skin/ due to melanin production

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27
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

areas of skin loose color and become lighter due to reduced melanin

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28
Q

Hematoma

A

Blood outside of blood vessel/often appears swollen or bruised

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29
Q

Melanoma

A

Type of skin cancer/develops from melanocytes (cells that produce melanin)

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30
Q

ABCDE assessing abnormal area on skin

A

A-Asymmetry-
B- Border irregularity
C- Color variation
D- Diameter >6mm
E- Evolving/changing mole

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31
Q

Carcinoma

A

Type of cancer that begins in epithelial ells (cells that line surface of the body)
/most common form of cancer
can occur in various parts of body

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32
Q

skin turgor

A

skin elasticity ability to return to normal position after being pinched or stretched /
Helps assess for hydration

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33
Q

Edema

A

Swelling caused by fluid retention in tissues

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34
Q

Affect

A

Emotional state/mood
Outward display of emotion

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35
Q

Types of Affect

A

Inappropriate
Incongruent
Flat
Blunted
Labile
Congruent

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36
Q

Flat Affect

A

Severe reduction in emotional expressiveness
associated w/depression & schizophrenia

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37
Q

Blunted affect

A

Reduced intensity of emotional expression
less severe than flat

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38
Q

Labile affect

A

Rapid/unpredictable change in emotion
often seen in mood disorders

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39
Q

Congruent affect

A

Emotional expression that matches the persons mood/situation

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40
Q

Inappropriate affect

A

emotional reaction that does not match the context of the situation
often signals underlying psychological or neurological issue

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41
Q

Incongruent affect

A

Emotional expression that does not match person mood or situation
9laughing during a sad moment

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42
Q

Level of Consciousness
(LOC)

A

How awake and responsive a person is
used to evaluate brain function and neurological health

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43
Q

Gaze Accommodation

A

Eyes ability to adjust and focus when looking between near and distant objects
critical role in maintaining clear vision

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44
Q

CVA

A

Stroke/ Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in brain leading to potential brain damage

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45
Q

CVA/ F-A-S-T

A

F- Face drooping
A-Arm weakness
S- Speech difficulty
T- Time to call 911

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46
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Blood clots block or narrow an artery leading to brain
Respart of body)ults: Thrombus (clot formed in artery)
Embolus (clot traveling to another

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47
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Blood vessel in brain ruptures causing bleeding into or around the brain

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48
Q

TIA

A

“mini stroke” Temporary blockage of blood flow to brain
No permanent damage
Warning sign of possible future stroke

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49
Q

Babinski/planter reflex

A

Assess function of nervous system
particularly CNS
upward movement of big toe indicates possible neurological problem

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50
Q

Hypertension
(HTN)

A

High B/P
Force of blood against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high

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51
Q

Hypotension

A

Low B/P
When blood pressure in arteries is abnormally low
blood flow to organs maybe insufficient

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52
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow Heart rate
<60/bpm

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53
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast Heart rate
>100/bpm

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54
Q

Tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid/fast breathing
>20-22/bpm

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55
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow breathing
<12/bpm

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56
Q

Visceral pain

A

pain originates from organ
internal organ causes pain
deep/aching/cramping
often hard to localize associated w/conditions affecting abd/chest/pelvis

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57
Q

referred pain

A

Felt in location other than where the actual problem is
often r/t interconnected nerve pathways

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58
Q

Somatic pain

A

Pain originates from skin, muscle, bones, joints, or connective tissue
“sharp” localized

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59
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A

sounds heard when taking a b/p used to determine systolic and diastolic b/p

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60
Q

Carotid pulse

A

supplies blood to brain/neck/face
blood vessel in the neck one on each side of neck

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61
Q

Brachial pulse

A

Located in upper arm
runs down arm
starting at shoulder and continues to elblow
Checked on inside of elbow

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62
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Artery is on top of foot
supplies oxygen rich blood to toes and feet
Felt on top of foot between big toe and 2nd toe

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63
Q

Posterior tibial

A

Blood vessel in lower leg
Runs along back of leg near the ankle and supplies blood to the foot
Commonly checked behind the inner ankle bone (medial malleolus)
Provides blood to lower leg and feet

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64
Q

Popliteal

A

Blood vessel behind the knees
supplies blood to lowere legs and feet
felt in back of knee
often used to assess blood flow to the lower legs
determines circulation to the lower legs and feet

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65
Q

Femoral pulse

A

Felt in groin
Crucial role in blood flow to legs
Large artery in thigh main blood vessel supplying oxygen rich blood to lower body
starts in groin area and runs down leg

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66
Q

Bronchi

A

Large air passages that help transfer air from trachea to lungs

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67
Q

Alveolae

A

Small air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs

68
Q

Inspiration

A

Inhalation/breathing in allows oxygen in lungs

69
Q

Expiration

A

Exhalation/breathing out
removes carbon dioxide from the body

70
Q

Stridor

A

High pitched noisy sound
indicates airway obstruction

71
Q

Wheeze

A

whistling sound during breathing
indicates barrowed airways

72
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low pitched rattling sound heard during breathing due to mucus or obstruction of large airway

73
Q

Crackles

A

crackling/popping sounds often caused by fluid in lungs

74
Q

asthma

A

chronic condition affects breathing due to inflamed/narrowed airways

75
Q

COPD

A

Long term lung disease
Hard to breath due to blocked air flow

76
Q

Emphysema

A

Lung condition
air sacs are damaged making it hard to breath

77
Q

Hyper-oxygenation

A

excessive amounts of oxygen

78
Q

Hypo-oxygenation

A

body not getting enough oxygen

79
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

When body holds onto too much CO2
often due to poor lung function can lead to breathing difficulties

80
Q

Borborygmi

A

Rumbling/gurgling sounds made by intestine during digestion
Movement of food/liquid/gas

81
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary movement of muscle in digestive tract that helps move food/liquid/waste thought the system

82
Q

Emesist

A

vomiting

83
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

84
Q

Hematemesis Melena

A

GI bleeding
black/tarry stool/related to digestion of blood

85
Q

Hematochezia

A

fresh/red bright red blood from rectum/due to GI bleed
hemorrhoids/diverticulosis/colorectal cancer

86
Q

Perineum/perineal

A

area between genitals and anus

87
Q

Nephro-

A

Kidney

88
Q

Uro-

A

Urine/Urinary system

89
Q

Renal Calculi

A

Kidney stones/hard deposits of minerals/salts that form in kidneys and can cause severe pain when passing through urinary tract

90
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

Kidney stones/renal calculi
presence of kidney stones/cause severe pain as the pass through urinary tract

91
Q

Types of Renal Calculi

A

Calcium Stones
Struvite stones- response to UTI
Uric Acid stones- dont drink enough water or Gout
Cystine stones- rare/usually occur in people w/genetic disorder called Cystinuria

92
Q

Ileum
(RLQ & LLQ)

A

Final/end part of small intestine
absorbs remaining nutrients and moves digested material into large intestine/ critical role in nutrient absorption and immune function

93
Q

Duodenum
(RUQ & LUQ)

A

1st section of small intestine
responsible for continuing digestion by moving food w/enzymes and bile
beginning of nutrient absorption

94
Q

Duodenum/4 parts

A

Superior: extends from stomach
Descending: Receives bile and pancreatic enzymes from the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct
Horizontal: Crosses body from right to left
Ascending: Connects the jejunum the next section of small intestine

95
Q

Jejunum
(LUQ & LLQ)

A

Middle section of the small intestine/
2nd part of small intestine
responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food
Plays vital role in digestive process

96
Q

Colon
(RLQ/RUQ/LUQ/LLQ)

A

Large intestine absorbs water/forms stool/eliminates waste from body
vital role in maintaining fluid balance and preparing waste for excretion

97
Q

Parts of Colon
RUQ: Transvers/Ascending
RLQ: Cecum/Ascending
LUQ: Transverse/Descending
LLQ: Descending/Sigmoid

A

Cecum: (RLQ)- 1st part of colon where undigested food from small intestine enters
Ascending: (RLQ) Runs upward along right side of abdomen
Transvers (RUQ)- Crosses abdomen right to left
Descending: (LUQ)- Runs downwards along left side of abdomen
Sigmoid: (LLQ)- S-shaped section connects the descending colon to the rectum

98
Q

Bounding

A

Stronger than normal pulse/feels
unusually strong/forceful

99
Q

Palpable

A

Something that is noticeable/detectable by tough
“felt” “touched”

100
Q

Weak pulse

A

Lack of normal strength or force
difficult to feel/loess force than normal

101
Q

Absent pulse

A

No pulse is felt
No blood flow to that artery
sign of blockage/blood clot
severe vascular disease/cardiac arrest

102
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain //occurs when heart does not get enough oxygen rich blood
reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

103
Q

Stable Angina

A

Predictable and occurs with exertion or stress
usually relieved w/rest or with medication

104
Q

Unstable Angina

A

Occurs suddenly more severe
Mav signal a heart attack or other serious heart condition

105
Q

Capillary refill

A

Check how fast blood returns to skin after pressure is applied
Assess circulation

106
Q

heart Failure

A

When either ventricle fails to pump blood efficiently into the aorta or pulmonary artery

107
Q

Jugular venous distention

A

Visible bulging of neck veins
Occurs when there is increased pressure in the right side of heart
which can cause blood to back up in the vein

108
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack
When part of heart muscle is damaged due to lack of blood flow, often related to blocked artery
usually caused by blockage of 1 or more coronary arteries due to build up of plaque

109
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply as a result of blood flow to tissue leading to oxygen deprivation or potential damage typically related to blockage of blood vessel

110
Q

Plaque

A

combination of fat, cholesterol and other substances

111
Q

Peripheral Artery Disease
(PAD)

A

Arteries outside the heart specifically in upper and lower extremities become narrow or blocked related to fatty deposits (atherosclerosis)
S/S: Leg pain/cramping * Weak/absent pulse in lower ext
Slow healing wounds in lower extremities
Shiny/taut

112
Q

Pulse deficit

A

Difference between the heartbeat and pulse felt at a distant site, indicating that not all heart beats are strong enough to reach the extremities
often seen in atrial fibrillation
where the heart beats irregularly
Difference between apical pulse and radial pulse

113
Q

Pressure Pulse

A

Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
Shows the force of blood flow w/eth each heart beat

114
Q

Stasis Ulcer

A

Wound caused by poor venous blood flow
Typically related to chronic venous insufficiency

115
Q

Pressure Ulcer

A

Occurs when prolonged pressure on a particular area of skin reducing blood flow and causing tissue damage leading to skin break down

116
Q

Acute

A

Sudden onset/short duration/intense or severe

117
Q

Chronic

A

LOng lasting/persistent/can develop gradually

118
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to internal sounds usually w/stethoscope

119
Q

Palpation

A

Using your hands to exam body during physical assessment
Hands on method used in gathering important information

120
Q

Tympany

A

High pitched drum like sound that is heard during percussion over hollow air filled spaces in the body

121
Q

Percussion

A

Technique used during physical exam by tapping on specific part of body to listen to the sound it produces

122
Q

Resonance

A

Low pitched/hollow sound heard during percussion over air filled areas of the body
Abnormal resonance for lack of resonance/can indicate issues like fluid buildup or a mass

123
Q

Neck vein distention

A

neck at 45 degrees

124
Q

Dullness

A

Sound heard during percussion that is soft/short/high pitched suggest area is solid or filled w/something other than air

125
Q

Flatness

A

Solid/airless area
Sound heard during percussion over a dense structure w/no air like none/thick muscle produces a very soft/high pitched brief sound indicates are has no air

126
Q

Hyperresonance

A

Abnormal Louder/low pitched sound heard during percussion over areas of body that contain more air than normal
Indicates too much air in a body cavity, which can suggest an underlying health issue

127
Q

Blood Pressure stages

A

Normal: <120/<80
Elevated: 120-129/<80
Stage I: 130-139/80-89
Stage II: 140>/90>
CRISIS: >180/>120

128
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

Right atrial pressure
30-45 degrees as high as 90degrees

129
Q

Jugular Vein

A

Fluttering or Oscillating/ Irregular rhythms or unusually prominent waves suggest Right sided heart failure

130
Q

Orthostatic Hypertension
(Postural hypertension)

A

<20/systolic
<10 diastolic
within 3 minutes of standing
Cause: fluid volume deficit/r/x antihypertensives/prolonged bed rest

131
Q

Palpating Pulses

A

Rate
Rhythm
Amplitude
Contour

132
Q

Rating Pulses

A

o+= Absent
1+= Diminished/barely palpable
2+= Normal
3+= Full Volume
4+= Full Volume/Bounding

132
Q

Cachexia

A

Extreme weight loss/ muscle wasting/physical decline
Seen in chronic disease/net easily reversed w/diet alone

133
Q

Anorexia

A

Loss of appetite/reduced desire to eat/unintentional weight loss

134
Q

Macronutrients

A

Body requires large amounts to provide energy and support basic physiological function
Carbohydrates/Proteins/Fats

135
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins/minerals/body requires small amounts

136
Q

Atrophy

A

wasting away/decrease in size/commonly occurs in muscles/organs related to disuse/aging/malnutrition/neurological condition

137
Q

Crepitation

A

Cracking/popping/grating sounds or sensations
r/t: cartilage wear/osteoarthritis/rough surfaces rub together

138
Q

Hypertrophy

A

increase in size/ enlargement of cells

139
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Assess LOC after brain injury or AMS
Evaluates eyes/verbal/motor response
Low score=more severe impairment

140
Q

Goiter

A

/ Abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland
Causes: Iodine deficiency/auto immune disorder/ Thyroid Nodules/ Graves disease/ Thyroid Cancer/ Hormonal changes/ Inflammation/ Thyroiditis

141
Q

Light Palpation

A

1cm deep
Assess for surface characteristics/ tenderness/ muscle tone
Skin: texture/ temp/superficial mass
Abd: Muscle/ detecting guarding/rigidity
Superficial organs: Some parts of liver/bladder if distended

142
Q

Deep Palpation

A

Pressing more firmly/4-5cm deep
Assess the size, shape, and consistency of deeper organs

143
Q

Organs felt w/Deep Palpation

A

Liver (RUQ)
Kidneys (Rt/LT Flank)
Spleen (LUQ) only if enlarged
Abd Aorta (mid abd/just above naval)
Bladder0if distended/felt in lowerabd
Uterus-pregnant woman/felt in lower abd

144
Q

Flatness

A

Soft/high pitch sound & very short heard w/percussion
Indicates: area w/no air and composed of dense/solid tissue
Heard where bones/solid structures are present

145
Q

Areas to Percuss Flatness

A

Bones
Muscles/dense areas
Solid tumors/Masses

146
Q

Paresthesia

A

“Pins” & “Needles” Temporary or Chronic
Abnormal sensation of skin tingling/prickling/numbness
Typically occurs in hands/feet/arms/legs

147
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness/partial paralysis on 1 side of body
caused by brain damage r/t stroke/injury

148
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Complete paralysis on 1 side of body

149
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of lower 1/2 of body
includes both legs and sometimes part of lower trunk
R/T: Spinal cord injury/damage affecting movement & sensation in the legs

150
Q

Quadriplegia
(Tetraplegia)

A

Paralysis affecting all 4 limbs (Upper/Lower extremities &
torso)
R/T: Spinal cord damage to cervical region
Impacts movement/sensation/many bodily functions

151
Q

Aura

A

Sensor disturbance-Warning symptom before seizure/migraine
Involving sensory changes such as visual disturbance/tingling/speech problems

152
Q

post-ictal state

A

Recovery phase after seizure
Symptoms: Confusion/fatigue/muscle soreness as brain returns to normal state

153
Q

Romberg Test

A

“test cops perform for DUI”
Screening tool to assess balance by having person sand still w/eyes closed and touch nose
+ result indicates problem w/sensory input or inner ear function

154
Q

Dullness

A

Soft/high pitched and short hounds heard w/percussion
Indicates dense tissue or fluid
Typically heard over solid organs or fluid filled areas

155
Q

Orangs where Dullness is heard w/percussion

A

Liver(RUQ)=Solid organ
Spleen(LUQ)= may only be percussed if enlarged (splenomegaly)
Heart- Helps determine size/borders
Fluid in lungs-Abnormal/may indicate pleural effusion/Pneumonia(fluid/infection in lungs)/Atelectasis(collapsed lung)
Bladder- Heard over bladder is bladder is distended w/urine

156
Q

Organs that can be Percussed

A

Lungs
Heart
Liver
Spleen
Stomach
Intestine
Bladder

157
Q

Tympany

A

High pitched hollow, drum like sound heard during percussion over air filled structures
usually areas in abd where air is present in GI Tract
Stomach (LUQ) gastric bubbles in stomach make this sound
Intestines- Heard all over small/large intestine because they contain gas
–air in intestines creates a resonant drum/like sound when percussed

158
Q

Tympany Normal/Abnormal

A

Normal sound over air filled structures in abd
Abnormal sound when heard in areas where it is not normally present
Chest(over lungs=maybe related to abnormal air
accumulation like pneumothorax

159
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

pulsatile sounds heard upon auscultation of the brachial artery, as in when checking a manual blood pressure

160
Q

Pulse deficit

A

difference between auscultated apical heart rate and a palpable radial pulse
Can signal a weakness in the ventricles such as heart failure or atrial fibrillation

161
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapsed lung
Assess for cough, decreased breath sounds, possible cyanosis, chest expansion decreased

162
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of muscle coordination
Watch the client walk

163
Q

Erythema

A

Increase redness of the skin from dilated superficial capillaries
Seen w/fever, inflammation, emotional reactions
Must palpate in dark skin people for warmth

164
Q

Senile tremors

A

Alcohol relieves senile tremors
Not recommended since patient may develop an addiction

Benign tremors: hands, head (nodding yes/no) and tongue protrusion

NUR101 Health Assessments (10 decks)

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