Chapter 18/Developmental Assessment

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

How a person perceives and processes information

Question 2

Piaget/main goal for child

Answer 2

Establish equilibrium between self and environment

Question 3

Piaget/Each stage represents

Answer 3

Change in how child understands & organizes the environment

Question 4

Piaget/each stage characterized by

Answer 4

more sophisticated types of reasoning

Question 5

Piaget/4 stages

Answer 5

Sensorimotor (0-2yrs)
Preoperational (2-7yrs)
Concrete operation (7-11yrs)
Formal operations(11-15yrs)

Question 6

Piaget/Sensorimotor (0-2yrs)

Answer 6

Thought dominated by physical manipulation of objects & events
(“Out of sigh/out of mind’”)

Question 7

Piaget/Preoperational (2-7yrs)

Answer 7

Functions symbolically using language as major tool
(They see the world from their own perspective)

Question 8

Piaget/Concrete operations (7-11yrs)

Answer 8

Mental reasoning processes assume logical approaches to solving concrete problems
(Amount of something doesn’t change/even if it’s appearance does)

Question 9

Piaget/Formal operations (11-15yrs)

Answer 9

True logical thought and manipulation of abstract concepts emerge
(Can reason about hypothetical situations/think about future/use deductive logic)

Question 10

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
(Way to remember SPCT)

Answer 10

Smart (Sensorimotor)
People (Preoperational)
Can (Concrete operations)
Think (Formal operations)

Question 11

2 Types of adult intelligence

Answer 11

1) Fluid
2) Crystallized

Question 12

Fluid intelligence
(dependent of CNS/declines w/age/physiologic change)

Answer 12

Ability perceive complex situations
Engage in short-term memory
Concept formation
Reasoning
Abstraction

Question 13

Crystallized intelligence
(Dependent on life experiences/education/remains stable/increases w/maturity)
Maintained longer than fluid intelligence

Answer 13

Skills and knowledge learned growing up in a given culture, such as verbal comprehension, vocabulary/ability to evaluate life experiences

Question 14

innate ability

Answer 14

Natural skill/ability you are born with

Question 15

Innate ability/Adult intelligence factors

Answer 15

Social Class
Illness
Personality
Motivation

Question 16

Adult Intelligence/Sternberg 3-pronged theory

Answer 16

1) Componential sub theory- Internal analytical mental mechanisms
2) Experiential sub theory=Focused on how learning through life experiences, combined w/insight & creativity/affects person’s thinking
3) Contextual sub theory-Focused on external environment in determining what constitutes intelligence in a particular situation

Question 17

Infants: Physical growth

Answer 17

Height
Weight
Head circumference

Question 18

Newborn
(first 28 days of life)

Answer 18

Healthy newborn weight: 5lb 8oz- 8lb 13oz
Head circumference average: 13-14 inches
(increases 0.5inch/month for firsts 6 months)

Question 19

Infants growth

Answer 19

1 inch each month first 6 months
0,5inches a month 6months-12months

Question 20

INFANTS/ Behavioral & Cognitive Development
Erikson’s Developmental Task

Answer 20

1st Stage/Oral Sensory-Develop trust w/o completely eliminating mistrust (infants develop trust relationships w/mother or primary caregiver)
* Advance from crawling-walking-eating
**At 1 month, different cries indicate different things
***Cognitive development occurs w/5 senses as infant interacts w/environment
**Infants learn object performance(objects/people still exist when out of sight)
Assessment tools: Focus on physical growth/psychosocial development/determining mother/father interaction w/infant

Denver II tool: Provides assessment: gross motor movement/language/fine motor movement/personal-social skills- ages 1month-6years

Question 21

INFANTS/Behavioral & Cognitive Development
Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)

Answer 21

Tools that identify developmental delays in children 4 to 60 :

19 age specific questions to gather data from parents re:
Child’s communication
Fine motor skills
gross motor movement
Problem solving
Personal-social skills

Question 22

CHILDREN/TODDLERS
(12-36 months)
Cognitive development of toddler remains in Piaget’s PREOPERATIONAL STAGE(begins when toddler learn by trial & error & exploration)

Denver II & ASQ used to assess development

Answer 22

Quest for exploration & mastery of their environment
daytime control of B & B by 24months
20teeth expected by 30months
**Developmental task for toddler is to achieve some autonomy, minimize shame, and doubt
“holding on” & “letting go” describe this stage
(includes B&B/holding on/letting go)

Question 23

CHILDREN/PRESCHOOLERS
(3-5 years)

Answer 23

Grow 2.5-3.5 inches/year
By age 4/birth doubled
Weight increases 4.5-6lbs/year
By age 5: Lose deciduous teeth/1at permanent teeth erupt

Question 24

CHILDREN/PRESCHOOLERS
(3-5years)
Behavioral & Cognitive Development

Become egocentric and self-centered & unable to understand other’s viewpoints

Denver II & ASQ used to assess development

Answer 24

Become more autonomous, communicate easily, achieve B&B continence, active imagination, demonstrate basic social skills, delay gratification, more acceptable expression of frustration, and expand environment beyond home
*When prasised, they learn they are meeting other’s expectations

Question 25

SCHOOL-AGE CHILDRE
(6-12 years)
(information about concepts, life, & interpersonal relationships expands beyond home)

Sense of inferiority develop
PIAGET’S Cognitive develop for this age is CONCRETE OPERATIONS (learn inductive reasoning & logical operations/learn nunbers/read/classify)

Answer 25

Teacher/peer influences noticed/children’s reactions/behaviors
Eyes/hands well coordinated
Muscles are stronger/more developed
By age 12/rest of teeth(except wisdom teeth)
Bones replace cartilage & continues to harden

Question 26

ADOLESCENTS
(12yra-18yrs)
(Puberty, end of childhood & onset of adulthood)

PIAGET’S term for adolescent years “FORMAL OPERATIONS”
(Abstract reasoning & form logical conclusions)

Answer 26

Growth spurt occurring during puberty is highly variable & accounts of 20-25% of final adult height
Girls-grow 2-8inches(occurs 18-24 months before boys)
Boys- grow 4-12inches

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: Achieve Ego identity and avoid role confusion

Question 27

ADULTS/EARLY ADULTHOOD
(20-35years)
Move from dependency on to family to establishing own lifestyle

Answer 27

Task of adults is to achieve degree of intimacy as opposed to remaining isolate
Achievements: Result/ from self-direction/ goals may change as outcome of re-evaluation
Focus of Assessment: Career choice and mate selection

Career Choice:
Assessment Tool Inventories: Contemplating career choice/basic interest areas are compared w/occupational themes
Mate Selection:
Primary interest for many in early adulthood

Question 28

MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
(35-65years)

Later years
(begin 65years/ productive years met w/sense of pleasure & enjoyment)

Answer 28

TASK:
Reach a balance between generativity and stagnation
Generativity: involves showing concern for generations to follow
Stagnation: Develops w/self-absorption & ceasing to be productive member of society

For those who have successfully met talk of earlier stages, this can be period of stability, self-understanding, and self-actualization

One reaps benefits of career success, support of family/friends/and experiences of their earlier years

Question 29

OLDER ADULTHOOD
(65years +)

Answer 29

TASK: Development is to achieve eo integrity w/minimal despair

Question 30

FAMILY definition

Answer 30

2 or more individuals sharing commitment, loyalty, and affection