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Certified Medical Assistant > Medical & Surgical Asepsis > Flashcards

Medical & Surgical Asepsis Flashcards

Topic 1: Microorganisms/Infection - Explain infection cycle & body's natural defense against infection Topic 2: Asepsis, Standard Precautions, Infection Control Topic 3: Handwashing & Non-Sterile Gloving Topic 4: Decontamination methods

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What causes infection?

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Under what conditions do microorganisms grow and spread?

A

They grow and spread in dark moist areas that are close to the human body temperature (98.6 F)

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3
Q

What are aerobes?

A

Microorganisms that need oxygen.

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4
Q

What are anaerobes?

A

Microorganisms that do NOT need oxygen to survive.

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5
Q

Define Pathogens

A

Microbes that cause disease

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6
Q

Define Nonpathogens

A

Microbes that are harmless

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7
Q

Give a few examples of pathogens

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Viruses

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8
Q

Define Bloodborne Pathogens and explain how they are dangerous

A

They are pathogens that are found in the blood, and they can produce or spread diseases. For example, if a person carries a bloodborne pathogen, and they donate their blood. Then the person receiving the blood will also get the disease.

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9
Q

Cycle of Infection

A

Reservoir Host
Means of Exit
Means of Transmission
Means of Entrance
Susceptible Host

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10
Q

Reservoir Host

A

Carrier of pathogen, allows pathogen to incubate and multiply

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11
Q

Means of Exit

A

Pathogens leave the host through bodily fluids (ex; blood, tears, sweat, saliva, feces, urine, vaginal secretions).

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12
Q

Means of Transmission

A

Pathogens are transmitted by air, physical contact, contaminated food, human/animal carriers, insects, soil, and fomites (inanimate objects).

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13
Q

Means of Entrance

A

Pathogen enters a new host through the respiratory, genitourinary, or gastrointestinal system; or through the eyes, ears, and open wounds.

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14
Q

Susceptible Host

A

The new host starts the cycle again

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15
Q

The Integumentary System

A

First line of defense: the largest organ (skin) acts as a barrier to protect your body

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16
Q

The Immune System

A

Second Line of Defense:
- contains lymph nodes throughout the body
- acts like a filter to remove pathogens from the blood

17
Q

Define Immunity

A

Immunity: the ability to fight off disease

*Will Rewrite this section soon
- Cell-mediated: T4 lymphocytes & helper cells are the dominant players
- Humoral: B cells are responsible for antibody production

18
Q

General Health State

A

Healthy individuals are more likely to defend themselves against pathogens (ex: regular exercise, nutrition, etc)

19
Q

Other Natural Defenses

A

Mucous membranes
Cilia
Respiratory System
Acidic pH
Circulatory System

20
Q

What is the purpose of a Mucous Membrane?

A

lines body cavity and passages serving as a barrier for microorganisms, reduces microbial growth

21
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like projections that traps/prevents microorganisms from entering the body further

22
Q

How does our Respiratory System protect us from pathogens?

A

Coughing, sneezing, and so on to remove pathogens that are inhaled

23
Q

Acidic pH

A

Urine expels microorganisms

24
Q

Circulatory System

A

Certain cells destroy pathogens

25
Q

Define Asepsis

A

The practice of maintaining a pathogen free environment

26
Q

What are some practices of Medical Asepsis?

A

Keeping surfaces/objects clean
Properly disposing biological waste materials
Ensuring adequate lighting & ventilation
Wearing minimal jewelry
Wearing PPE

27
Q

Define Surgical Asepsis

A

A pathogen free environment that kills and eliminates all microogranisms

28
Q

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health)

A
  • Regulates worker safety in all industries
  • Reduce hazards
  • Maintain health programs for employees
  • Monitors & enforces regulations
29
Q

CDC (Center of Disease Control & Prevention)

A
  • Studies/monitors disease
  • Prevention strategies
  • Protecting public health (education, immunizations, etc)
30
Q

Universal Precautions & Body Substance Isolation

A

Assume that all blood products, human tissues, and body fluids are potentially infectious.
Assume all body substances are infectious and must be isolated to prevent transmission of disease

31
Q

Transmission-based Precautions

A

For patients that are (or potentially) infected, it is required to have a barrier protection (PPE).

32
Q

Decontamination methods and their purpose

A

Sanitation: removes contaminated material from equipment, inactivates pathogens
Disinfectant: destroys some pathogens, used to clean surfaces or equipment
Sterilization: destroys all pathogens including spores

33
Q

Name two processes used for sanitizing medical instruments

A

Manual Sanitation & Ultrasonic Sanitation

34
Q

What are the levels for disinfectant?

A

Low: kills most bacteria and viruses
Medium: kills mycobacteria
High: kills all microorganisms
Notes: none eliminate bacterial spores

35
Q

Define Medical Asepsis

A

The practice of preventing microorganisms and reducing the spread of disease

Certified Medical Assistant (9 decks)

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