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PPGH > Medical Statistics > Flashcards

Medical Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Define population

A

The total group of individuals about whom you wan tot make conclusions

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2
Q

What is a statistic

A

Numerical summary of a sample

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3
Q

What is a parameter

A

The numerical summary of the population

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4
Q

What is a sample

A

A subset of the population for whom we actually have data

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5
Q

What type of variable are blood group, ethnicity and country of birth?

A

Categorical nominal

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6
Q

What type of variable are disease stage, education level and heart murmur grade

A

Categorical ordinal

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7
Q

What type of variable are number of meds and number of hospital admissions

A

Numerical discrete

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8
Q

What type of variable are age, weight and blood pressure

A

Numerical continuous

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9
Q

What is time to event and give some examples

A

How long it takes for a binary event to happen
Eg time to death, time to recovery

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10
Q

How do you standardise with z scores

A

Z = [observation - mean] / standard deviation

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11
Q

What does a positive z score mean

A

The observation is above the mean

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12
Q

What does a negative z score indicate

A

The observation is below the mean

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13
Q

What does a z score of 2 mean

A

Data value is two standard deviations above the mean

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14
Q

What is a p value

A

The probability of obtaining a result as more extreme than that, if the null hypothesis is true and there is no bias

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15
Q

What happens if the results of a hypothesis test are >0.05

A

They’re not statistically significant
The results are likely due to chance

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16
Q

What happens if the results of a hypothesis test are
</= 0.05

A

The results are statistically significant
The result is unlikely due to chance

17
Q

What happens to the p value as the sample side goes up

A

Goes down

18
Q

What is a confidence interval

A

The range of values that is likely to contain the true parameter value

19
Q

What is the difference between statistically and clinically significant

A

Statistically - the effect is not explained by chance
Clinically - the effect is clinically important

20
Q

What are the four typers of bivariate teste

A

Correlation/regression
Chi squared/McNemar
T test
Anova

21
Q

What stats tests could you do if you had two numerical variables

A

Correlation/regression

22
Q

What stats test could you do if you had two categorical variables

A

Chi squared
McNemar

23
Q

What stats tests ould you do of you had one categorical and one numerical variables

A

T test
ANOVA

24
Q

What is correlation coefficient

A

Measures the strength of the linear association between two numerical variables

25
Q

What is correlation of determination

A

Expresses the proportion for variance in one variable that is explained by the variance in the other variable

PPGH (5 decks)

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