Medical Psychology

Question 1

What is motivational interviewing

Answer 1

• Person centered form of guiding, help people talk themselves into changing
  
  • Evoking motivation
  • Facilitating behavior change, using the patients own motivation
    It is COLLABORATIVE, EVOCATIVE and HONOURS AUTONOMY

Question 2

OARS

Answer 2

open questions
affirmation
reflective listening
summarising

core principals of MI

Question 3

READS

Answer 3

roll with resistance
express empathy
avoid argumentation
develop discrepancy
support self efficacy

change talk!

Question 4

what are the stages of change?

Answer 4

Question 5

what is health behaviour

Answer 5

action that improves wellbeing and prevents illness

Question 6

what are the 5 healthy lifestyle practices that reduce chronic disease

Answer 6

1. Never smoking
   
   2. Healthy diet
   3. Moderate alcohol consumption
   4. Healthy BMI/ no obesity
   5. Moderate to vigorous exercise

Question 7

what are some barriers to people changing health behaviours?

Answer 7

1. Enjoyment of competing poor health behaviours - cake vs exercise
   
   2. No immediate adverse effects - comes later e.g global warming
   3. Effort involved in changing health behaviour
   4. Fear and denial

Question 8

what is personality?

Answer 8

combination of characteristics that form an individuals character

Question 9

Big five personality traits?

Answer 9

1. Openness = appreciation for varied experiences
   
   2. Conscientiousness - self-discipline
   3. Extraversion - engagement with world and others
   4. Agreeableness - concern for social harmony
   5. Neuroticism - tendency to experience negative experiences

Question 10

treatment adherence

Answer 10

active choice and commitment of a patient to follow the agreed health recommendations

Question 11

factors that affect adherence? (WHO)

Answer 11

1. Social and economic
   
   2. Health care system
   3. Condition related
   4. Therapy related
   5. Patient related

Question 12

two pathways involved in stress

Answer 12

SNS pathway and HPA axis

Question 13

SNS pathway - stress

Answer 13

1. SNS pathway
   
   • Perception of stress
   • Activates sympathetic branch of ANS
   • Noradenaline and adrenaline release from adrenal glands

Question 14

HPA axis - stress

Answer 14

hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical
- Hypothalamus - cascade of hormones
- End = cortisol released from the adrenal glands

Question 15

chronic stress - impacts on the body

Answer 15

• Constant mobilization of energy - more fatigue
  
  • Musculoskeletal issues like chronic back pain - Tension of muscles
  • Immune systems compromised - cortisol impacts
  • Gastro issues - slow metabolism, insulin resistance etc.
  • Increased HR and BP - pressure on arterial walls, can cause blockages/ruptures
  • Extra sodium retained - CVS impact

Question 16

two strategies to cope with stress?

Answer 16

problem focused coping (stressor)
emotion focused coping (response)

Question 17

RULE

Answer 17

resisting the righting reflex
understand
listen with empathy
empower