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CBIS Kara’s version > Medical & Physical Issues > Flashcards

Medical & Physical Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Primitive, involuntary responsiveness to the world; demonstrated by a reflex (generalized) responses to both internal & external stimuli

A

Arousal

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2
Q

An individuals ability to receive & process sensory info & use that info to relate in an intentional way to the outside world; this is required for voluntary responses to stimuli & regulated by the higher cortical areas in the cerebrum

A

Awareness

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3
Q

no behavioral evidence of arousal & demonstrates no voluntary response to internal or external stimuli; no vocalizations > 1 hour; impaired spontaneous breathing.

A

Coma

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4
Q

usually resolves in 2-4 weeks /c the person dying or progressing into vegetative or MCS

A

Coma

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5
Q

characterized by the complete absence of behavioral evidence for awareness of self or environment /c preserved capacity for spontaneous or stimulus-induced arousal; responses are generalized & non specific & not purposeful. may grimace to pain, localize sounds inconsistently.

A

Vegetative state

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6
Q

may perisist for months to years /c no measurable improvement in the persons neurobehavioral presentation.

A

Vegetative State

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7
Q

intermittent or inconsistent behavioral reactions that demonstrate conscious awareness, such as responses to simple verbal directives, discernible verbal or gestural responses to yes/no questions or intelligible vocalization

A

Minimally Conscious State (MCS)

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8
Q

Emergence from DOC

A
  1. Functional Communication as evidenced by verbal or gestural yes/no response
  2. Functional use of 2 or more objects (hairbrush/cup)
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9
Q

Lack of signals from the brain to the muscles controlling breathing

A

Central Apnea

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10
Q

Abnormal hormone response producing a marked increase in energy demands

A

Metabolic Distress

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11
Q

Involuntary muscle contraction causing slow, repetitive movements or abnormal postures

A

Dystonia

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12
Q

occurs in 15-33% of those /c severe TBI’s; thought to be due to an imbalance in the ANS.
Symptoms Include: dystonia, tachycardia, diaphoresis (sweating), hyperthermia, hypertension, tachypnea (rapid breathing)

A

Autonomic Dysfunction Syndrome (ADS)

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13
Q

involuntary increase in muscle tone & exxagerated deep tendon reflexes

A

Hyperreflexia

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14
Q

abnormal, usually permanent condition of joints characterized by decreased range of motion, often in a flexed position & fixation due to wasting away & shortening of muscle fibers & loss of skin elasticity.

A

Contractures

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15
Q

Clinical presentation may reveal a swollen, painful warm area often /c decreased ROM; can be mistaken for a DVT

A

HO

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16
Q

a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk for both cardiovascular diseases & diabetes; common in aging adults, it is marked by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, High BP & dyslipidemia

A

Metabolic Syndrome

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17
Q

product of poor hygiene such as poor hand washing by care providers & repeated use of soiled clothing

A

MRSA

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18
Q

more than ____% of TBI’s will experience a UTI within 6 weeks of their injury

A

60%

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19
Q

Skin infection caused by bacteria; could be deadly if spreads to deeper tissues

A

Cellulitis

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20
Q

excessive sleepiness that occurs as a result of traumatic event involving the CNS

A

post-traumatic hypersomnia

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21
Q

Sleep disturbances after a TBI are reported by ___% of individiuals

A

30-70%

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22
Q

vivid dream-like auditory, visual, or tactile sensations one experiences between sleep & wakefulness

A

hypnagogic hallucinations

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23
Q

sudden loss of bilateral muscle tone, in which a standing individual will suddenly collapse in sleep

A

Cataplexy

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24
Q

Sleep Laboratory Test

A

polysomnography

25
Q

events that involve LOC & involuntary movement within seconds of impact

A

Immediate post-traumatic convulsions (IPTC)

26
Q

short period of time following seizure where there is an altered state of consciousness

A

Postictal Period

27
Q

convulsions that occur within 7 days following an injury & result from primary, direct effects of the trauma; approx. 50% occuring within 24 hours of impact & is a strong risk factor of late post-traumatic seizures

A

Early Post-Traumatic Seizures

28
Q

Defined as more than 30 mins of continuous seizure activity or 2 or more sequential seizures without full recovery of consciousness between seizures.

occurs in about 10% of individuals after acute head injury & is especially common in children

A

Status Epilepticus

29
Q

Occur later than 1-week after the initial head trauma; onset is usually within the first 18-24 months of the brain injury.

A

Late post-traumatic seizures (LPTS) or post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE)

30
Q

Pain related to the peripheral nerve fibers

A

Nociceptive

31
Q

associated with primary lesion of dysfunction of the nervous system

A

Neuropathic

32
Q

NSAIDS, acetaminophen, topical agents, anti-spasticity meds & opioids

A

Used to treat Nociceptive Pain

33
Q

topical agents, opioids, tramadol, Lyrica, anticonvulsants & antidepressants

Tricyclics are useful but cause sedation & affect mobility

Interventional techniques such as trigger point injections, nerve blocks & epidural steroids may also prove to be effective

A

Used to treat Neuropathic Pain

34
Q

headache that commences within 14 days of LOC; may resolve within 6 months or persist & become chronic

A

Post-Traumatic Headache (PTH)

35
Q

Headache with no specific cause

A

primary headache

36
Q

headache that may have an identifiable cause that can be determined

A

Secondary headache

37
Q

headache that occurs at least 15 days per month for at least 3 months & is not linked to overuse or withdrawal of medication

A

Chronic Headache

38
Q

most common form of primary headache; does not get worse with physical activity & patients do not present with other symptoms such as sensitivity toward light, sound & taste

A

Tension-Type Headache

39
Q

head pain generated from primarily from the cervical spine

A

Cervicogenic Headache

40
Q

subtype of tension-type headaches associated with the temporal mandibular joint; these headaches can be debilitating, causing the patient to have difficulty eating & talking

A

craniomandibular headache

41
Q

type of pain that is caused by damage to a nerve or structural change in a nerve

A

Neuralgia

42
Q

when the nerve becomes entrapped in scar tissue

A

Neuralgia

43
Q

to learn new motor skills & is defined as a set of internal processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled movement

A

Motor learning

44
Q

abnormal accumulation of CSF within the ventricles

A

Hydrocephalus

45
Q

velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch with exaggerated tendon reflexes; occurs from damage to the upper motor neuron

Symptoms include: increased muscle tone, exaggerated tendon reflexes & clonus

A

Spasticity

46
Q

standard care for severe spasticity; only used when individuals do not respond to oral medications. Works at the level of the spine to inhibit excitatory activity at the spinal reflexes

A

Intrathecal Baclofen (ITB)

47
Q

mass of platelets and/or fibrin that forms in a blood vessel (ex. blood clot)

A

thrombus

48
Q

often a piece of thrombus that has broken free & then circulates within the bloodstream

A

Embolus

49
Q

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movements & typically impacts activities such as walking or picking up objects

A

Ataxia

50
Q

Writhing movements

A

Athetoid

51
Q

quick flailing movements

A

Ballisms

52
Q

continuous rapid unpredictable movements

A

choreiform

53
Q

extreme tone or stiffness limiting movements

A

dystonia

54
Q

unpredictable movements with motion or at rest

A

tremors

55
Q

inability to perform purposive actions due to damage in certain areas of the brain

A

apraxia

56
Q

inability to perform a task on command or imitate gestures; ex. person cannot blow out candles when asked on command however when presented with a lit candle, person will blow it out automatically

A

ideomotor apraxia

57
Q

inability to perform a task on command & automatically; these individuals may do better in a home setting vs clinical

A

ideational apraxia

58
Q

limitations in performing purposful movements of the lips, cheeks, tongue, larynx & pharynx; automatic expressions are easier compared to sequencing more complex language.

A

Buccofacial Apraxia

CBIS Kara’s version (4 decks)

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