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MSK > Medical Imaging: X-Ray > Flashcards

Medical Imaging: X-Ray Flashcards

1
Q

True Positive

A

test detects something that is really there

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2
Q

False Positive/Type I Error

A

test detects something not really there

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3
Q

True Negative

A

test detects nothing, and nothing is there

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4
Q

False Negative/Type II error

A

test detects nothing, but there is something there

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5
Q

Sensitivity

A

test’s ability to identify the presence of a condition

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6
Q

Specificity

A

test’s ability to identify the absence of a condition

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7
Q

Conventional Radiographs are also

A

plain films or x-rays

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8
Q

Conventional Radiographs are ___-order diagnostic modality

A

first-order

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9
Q

Advantages of x-rays

A
  • time & cost efficient
  • Non-invasive
  • Low risk
  • Good for screening
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10
Q

Disadvantages of x-rays

A

poor sensitivity (presence of pathology)

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11
Q

What is attenuation?

A

Reduction in strength/density of x-ray beam as it passes through a medium

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12
Q

What is Permeability?

A

the degree to which x-ray beams can pass through a substance to reach the film plate

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13
Q

What is radiodensity?

A

an object’s x-ray absorption capacity

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14
Q

What is an x-ray absorption capacity based on?

A

composition
density
thickness

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15
Q

What is the relationship between radiodensity of object vs radiographic film?

A

inversely related

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16
Q

Highly radiodense objects result in more or less radiodensity on film?

A

less- more white

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17
Q

Radiolucent means

A

low attenuation

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18
Q

Radioopaque means

A

high attenuation

19
Q

What shade of gray would fat appear on film?

A

gray-black

20
Q

What shade of gray would bone appear on film?

A

gray-white

21
Q

What shade of gray would soft tissue appear on film?

A

gray

22
Q

Soft tissue also has the same radiodensity to what?

A

Water, difficult to look at w/o contrast media

23
Q

What color would contrast media appear on film?

A

white

24
Q

What color would heavy metals appear on film?

A

solid white

25
Q

How many views are ideal for looking at x-rays?

A

at least two views

ideally at 90 deg angle to each other

26
Q

Photographic qualities refer to what of an image?

A

visibility

27
Q

What is density refer to of an image?

A

amount of blackening on the radiograph

affected by distance, exposure time, and radiation quality

28
Q

What is contrast refer to of an image?

A

differences between adjacent tissue densities

affected by material density, composition, and radiation quality

29
Q

Geometric qualities refer to what of an image?

A

clarity

30
Q

What is detail refer to of an image?

A

sharpness or resolution

maximized by placing structure closest to film plate

31
Q

What is distortion caused by in an image?

A

distance b/t beam source, patient, and image receptor

misalignment/position issues

32
Q

Magnification

A

structures further from film appear larger

33
Q

Foreshortening

A

image appears shorter than actual structure

34
Q

Elongation

A

image appears longer than structure

35
Q

Image is sharply define and less distorted when structures are closer or farther to film plate?

A

closer

36
Q

AP/PA radiographs are named based on what?

A

Direction the beam traveled through patient

  • PA: posterior to anterior
  • AP: anterior to posterior
37
Q

Lateral/Oblique views are named for the side farther or closer to film plate?

A

closer

38
Q

(A)ABCs of Radiology

A 
Adequacy
Alignment
Bone
Cartilage
Soft Tissue
39
Q

Adequacy criteria

A
  • bony structures well visualized
  • appropriate exposure
  • joints above and below area of concern visualized
40
Q

Alignment characteristics

A
  • gross bone size
  • number of bones
  • shape and contour of cortical outline
  • joint position and alignment
41
Q

Bone characteristics

A
  • cortical margin dense
  • cancellous bone + medullary cavity lower density
  • weight-bearing surfaces higher density
  • “washed-out” suggests osteoporosis
  • excessive sclerosis suggests arthritis/RA
42
Q

Cartilage characteristics

A
  • joint space width
  • subchondral bone
  • joint margins
  • epiphyses and growth plates in children
43
Q

Soft Tissue characteristics

A
  • gross size of musculature
  • outline of joint capsules
  • periosteum

MSK (4 decks)

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