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IMAGING SCIENCE > MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING > Flashcards

MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the things included in a medical diagnosis?

A

Consultation,
Physical Examination
Medical Tests

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2
Q

Importance of medical image

A
  • diagnose, treat and cure px w/o causing any harmful side effects
  • see a px w/o having to cut them open
  • benefit px w/o adding to the already high medical costs
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3
Q

Give 5 imaging modalities

A 
xray
computed tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
single-photon emission computed tomography
Positron emission tomography
ultrasound
nuclear magnetic resonance
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4
Q

What can be combined with either CT/MRI?

A

PET

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5
Q

What is f on fMRI? what does it do?

A

F-functional

conducts functional exams

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6
Q

Why is there a specific modality for a specific disease/disease process?

A

Because of the difference in atomic no. of the body

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7
Q

Give all 5 processes of the computer vision system

A 
Image Acquisition
Image Processing
Segmentation
Feature Estimation
Data Analysis
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8
Q

What is included in feature estimation?

A

geometrical, topological, texture

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9
Q

What is included in data analysis?

A

recognition, classification, interpretation

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10
Q

Give 3 levels of processing

A

Low-level
Intermediate-level
High-level

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11
Q

What are under the LL, IL, and HL?

A

LL - Image Acquisition & Preprocessing
IL - Segmentation & Representation and Description
HL - Recognition and Interpretation

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12
Q

Differentiate LL, IL, HL

A

LL - standard procedures are applied & no intelligent capabilities are required

IL - extract and characterize components in the image and require some intelligent capabilities

HL - recognition and interpretation & require high intelligent capabilities

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13
Q

Give the 5 sections of the architecture module

A 
Formation
Enhancement/Preprocessing
Visualization
Analysis
Management
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14
Q

Includes all the steps from capturing the image to forming a digital image matrix

A

IMAGE FORMATION

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15
Q

2 sections of image formation

A

Image acquisition and digitization

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16
Q

Difference between image acqui. and digitization

A

IA - done by the equipment; produces binary codes

D - Implies a discrete nature of the image

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17
Q

2 steps of digitization and define

A

Sampling Rate - determines the spatial resolution of the digitized image

Quantization Level - determines the number of grey levels in the DI

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18
Q

What does pre-processing include?

A

noise suppression, contrast enhancement, intensity equalization

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19
Q

What are the 5 processes under pre-processing?

A 
enhancement
filtering
smoothing
registration
transformation
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20
Q

It processes an image so that the result is more suitable than the original image

A

enhancement

21
Q

2 kinds of enhancement and define

A

SPATIAL DOMAIN METHODS - point processing, histogram equalization, image subtraction

FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHODS - fourier transform

22
Q

what does filtering do?

A

remove noise

23
Q

What are the techniques under filtering?

A

Averaging filter
median filter
max/min filter

24
Q

What does smoothing do?

A

diminish the effects of camera noise, spurious pixel values

25
Q

2 methods of smoothing

A

neighborhood averaging

edge-preserving smoothing

26
Q

what does registration do?

A

register exams done under the same patient

27
Q

2 kinds of registration and define

A

UNIMODAL -same modality used

MULTI-MODAL - different modalities used

28
Q

It can be simple arithmetic operations on images or complex mathematical operations w/c convert images from one representation to another

A

transformation

29
Q

3 techniques under transformation

A

Discrete Fourier Transfer
Discrete Cosine Transfer
Discrete Wavelet Transfer

30
Q

Image analysis includes all steps of what?

A

processing

31
Q

3 parts of image analysis

A

segmentation, feature extraction, classification

32
Q

3 kinds of segmentation

A

pixel-based, edge-based, region based

33
Q

what are the 3 types of pixel-based

A

thresholding, adaptive thresholding, clustering

34
Q

what are the 3 types of edge-based

A

live wire segmentation, snake algorithm, active contour algorithm

35
Q

what are the 3 types of region based

A

agglomerative algo.
divisive algo.
hybrid algo.

36
Q

it is defined as the first step of high level intelligent image analysis

A

feature extraction

37
Q

levels of FE

A 
data
region
texture
edge
pixel
38
Q

2 kinds of classification

A

static and synthatic

39
Q

refers to all types of manipulation of the matrix resulting in an optimized output of the image

A

image visualization

40
Q

sums up all techniques that provide efficient storage, communication etc

A

Image management

41
Q

IM includes

A

compression
archive
retrieval
communication

42
Q

When is a general performance true positive and false positive

A

TP - object is present and observed

FP - object isn’t present but observed

43
Q

When is GP false negative and true negative?

A

FN - object is present but not observed

TN - object is not present and not observed

44
Q

it is melting together images from different modalities

A

fusion imaging

45
Q

4 types of list of applications

A

diagnosis
studying disease progression
image guided surgery
patient comparison/atlas construction

46
Q

it is combining into form multiple imaging modalities

A

diagnosis

47
Q

monitoring changes in size, shape, position etc

A

studying disease progression

48
Q

relating pre-operative images

A

image-guided surgery

49
Q

relating one’s individual anatomy to a standardized atlas

A

patient comparison/atlas construction

IMAGING SCIENCE (5 decks)

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