MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING Flashcards by Danie Bernal

What are the things included in a medical diagnosis?

Consultation,
Physical Examination
Medical Tests

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Importance of medical image

diagnose, treat and cure px w/o causing any harmful side effects
see a px w/o having to cut them open
benefit px w/o adding to the already high medical costs

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Give 5 imaging modalities

xray
computed tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
single-photon emission computed tomography
Positron emission tomography
ultrasound
nuclear magnetic resonance

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What can be combined with either CT/MRI?

PET

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What is f on fMRI? what does it do?

F-functional

conducts functional exams

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Why is there a specific modality for a specific disease/disease process?

Because of the difference in atomic no. of the body

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Give all 5 processes of the computer vision system

Image Acquisition
Image Processing
Segmentation
Feature Estimation
Data Analysis

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What is included in feature estimation?

geometrical, topological, texture

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What is included in data analysis?

recognition, classification, interpretation

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Give 3 levels of processing

Low-level
Intermediate-level
High-level

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What are under the LL, IL, and HL?

LL - Image Acquisition & Preprocessing
IL - Segmentation & Representation and Description
HL - Recognition and Interpretation

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Differentiate LL, IL, HL

LL - standard procedures are applied & no intelligent capabilities are required

IL - extract and characterize components in the image and require some intelligent capabilities

HL - recognition and interpretation & require high intelligent capabilities

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Give the 5 sections of the architecture module

Formation
Enhancement/Preprocessing
Visualization
Analysis
Management

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Includes all the steps from capturing the image to forming a digital image matrix

IMAGE FORMATION

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2 sections of image formation

Image acquisition and digitization

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Difference between image acqui. and digitization

IA - done by the equipment; produces binary codes

D - Implies a discrete nature of the image

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2 steps of digitization and define

Sampling Rate - determines the spatial resolution of the digitized image

Quantization Level - determines the number of grey levels in the DI

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What does pre-processing include?

noise suppression, contrast enhancement, intensity equalization

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What are the 5 processes under pre-processing?

enhancement
filtering
smoothing
registration
transformation

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It processes an image so that the result is more suitable than the original image

enhancement

2 kinds of enhancement and define

SPATIAL DOMAIN METHODS - point processing, histogram equalization, image subtraction

FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHODS - fourier transform

what does filtering do?

remove noise

What are the techniques under filtering?

Averaging filter
median filter
max/min filter

What does smoothing do?

diminish the effects of camera noise, spurious pixel values

2 methods of smoothing

neighborhood averaging | edge-preserving smoothing

what does registration do?

2 kinds of registration and define

UNIMODAL -same modality used | MULTI-MODAL - different modalities used

It can be simple arithmetic operations on images or complex mathematical operations w/c convert images from one representation to another

transformation

3 techniques under transformation

Discrete Fourier Transfer Discrete Cosine Transfer Discrete Wavelet Transfer

Image analysis includes all steps of what?

processing

3 parts of image analysis

segmentation, feature extraction, classification

3 kinds of segmentation

pixel-based, edge-based, region based

what are the 3 types of pixel-based

thresholding, adaptive thresholding, clustering

what are the 3 types of edge-based

live wire segmentation, snake algorithm, active contour algorithm

what are the 3 types of region based

agglomerative algo. divisive algo. hybrid algo.

it is defined as the first step of high level intelligent image analysis

feature extraction

levels of FE

``` data region texture edge pixel ```

2 kinds of classification

static and synthatic

refers to all types of manipulation of the matrix resulting in an optimized output of the image

image visualization

sums up all techniques that provide efficient storage, communication etc

Image management

IM includes

compression archive retrieval communication

When is a general performance true positive and false positive

TP - object is present and observed | FP - object isn't present but observed

When is GP false negative and true negative?

FN - object is present but not observed | TN - object is not present and not observed

it is melting together images from different modalities

fusion imaging

4 types of list of applications

diagnosis studying disease progression image guided surgery patient comparison/atlas construction

it is combining into form multiple imaging modalities

diagnosis

monitoring changes in size, shape, position etc

studying disease progression

relating pre-operative images

image-guided surgery

relating one's individual anatomy to a standardized atlas

patient comparison/atlas construction