Medical Ethics Flashcards
What is Morality
An individuals own principles regarding what is right or wrong
What are the 4 pillars of Medical Ethics
Beneficence doing good proactive
Non-maleficence - do no harm is key
Autonomy -patient freedom to choose freely
Justice -ensure fairness
What is Concordance
collaboration between clincians and patients in decision-making about treatment plans.
importance of a shared understanding
What is Adherence
the extent a patient follows prescribed recommendations for medication, including dosages, timing, and frequency.
emphasizes patient’s ability to follow agreed treatment plan
What is Compliance
Implies that the patient is passively following the instructions provided by the healthcare professional.
does not involve patient in decisions, one-sided approach to healthcare
What is Medical Optimisation??
process of maximizing effectiveness and efficiency of medical care or treatment for an individual patient. It involves adjusting and refining aspects management
* Plan adjustment
* Monitoring & Follow up
* Education
* Collaboration
What is an Adverse Drug Reactions
Response to medicine that is npoxious and unintended with link to event and medicine suspected
What is difference between ADR, Side effect
ADRs- always noxious or harmful to patient
Side effect- can be unpleasant but not harmful
What are the Types of ADRs?
Type A- Augmented-exaggerated action of drug, dose based
Type B- Bizarre-not dose-dependent, unpredictable. Result from unique response to drug and not related to drug’s pharmacological effects.
Type C-Chronic-Result from long term use
Type D- Delayed- Many years after use has stopped
Type E-End of Use-Withdrawal symptoms
How to avoid Adverse Drug Reactions?
Lowest effective dose
Is patient pregnant/breastfeeding
Old or Young Age
Any other medications in use?
Renal/Hepatic impairment
What is Pharmacovigilance
the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem
* Monitoring use
* Assessing risk and benefits
* Safe education
* Monitoring impact
What is the Medicines Act 1968
Control of medicines
* Human
* Veterinary
* Manufacture and supply
What is the Human Medicines Regulation 2012
The regulations are responsible for:
1. Authorisation of [medicinal] products
1. Manufacture, import, distribution and supply
1. Labelling and advertising
1. Pharmacovigilance– monitoring of the safety of medicines in clinical use
Does not apply to human blood componments except PLASMA
What is the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971
- Intends to **prevent non-medical use **of certain drugs
- Controls medicinal drugs **AND **drugs with nocurrent medical uses
- Drugs are ‘controlled’ drugs– The law defines a series of offences, including unlawful intent to supply, import or export and unlawful production.
