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Patient Care > Medical Emergencies In Medical Imaging > Flashcards

Medical Emergencies In Medical Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Define shock

A

A state in which there is a disturbance of blood flow to the vital organs, or a decreased ability of the body tissues to use oxygen and other nutrients needed to maintain them in a healthy state

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2
Q

What causes shock?

A

Disease, injury, or emotional reactions

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3
Q

Early signs and symptoms of shock`1

A
  • decrease in body temp
  • weak, thready pulse
  • rapid heartbeat
  • rapid, shallow respirations
  • hypotension
  • skin pallor
  • cyanosis
  • restlessness, anxiety and confusion
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4
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation

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5
Q

Later signs and symptoms of shock

If shock is allowed to progress without treatment

A
  • apathetic (no interest)
  • delirious
  • comatose
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6
Q

Categories of shock

A
  • hypovolemic
  • septic
  • cardiogenic
  • neurogenic
  • anaphylactic
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7
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Shock caused by an abnormally low blood volume of circulating fluid(plasma) in the body

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8
Q

Possible causes of hypovolemic shock

A
  • internal or external hemorrhage
  • burns
  • peritonitis
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
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9
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock

A
  • fainting, dizziness, restlessness, anxiety
  • decreased of falling blood pressure
  • weak, thready pulse and shallow rapid respiration
  • extreme weakness, lethargy, semi-consciousness, coma
  • subnormal body temp
  • possible complaints of excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting
  • subnormal urinary output
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11
Q

In the case of hypovolemic shock, what actions should be taken by the RT?

A
  • place patient supine
  • look for any signs of visible discharge ( blood, vomitus, feces, urine) and notify the radiologist of the patient’s condition immediately
  • be prepared to assist the doctor with administration of oxygen and IV fluid
  • keep patient warm and dry (do not overheat)
  • vitals every 15 minutes
  • blood loss from an open wound- use gloves, apply pressure directly to the wound with a sterile dressing
  • need quiet, non-stressful environment
  • do not allow the patient to see any blood
  • do not offer the patient any food or liquids
  • remain nearby to reassure and notice any changes in the patient’s condition or appearance
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12
Q

Septic shock

A
  • results from severe systemic infection usually from a bacterial infection
  • the elderly, the debilitated, and newborns are the most susceptible to this

Immunocompromised

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms of septic shock

A
  • early stages: skin may feel warm and dry
  • urine output may be normal or excessive
  • later, an inability to concentrate and increasing confusion
  • increase in pulse and respiration
  • decrease in blood pressure
  • as condition progresses, there is a decrease in urinary output
  • skin then becomes cold and clammy
  • nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramping
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14
Q

In the case of septic shock, what actions should be taken by RT?

A
  • place patient in supine position and keep quiet
  • notify radiologist immediately
  • vitals every 15 min
  • if patient is very warm to the touch, cover the patient with a sheet only
  • prepare to assist with IV fluid administration and oxygen
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15
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A
  • failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the vital organs; causes inadequate supply to the tissues
  • onset sudden
  • often occurs in myocardial infarction patients
  • can also occur following cardiac tamponade or pericarditis
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16
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A
  • the heart is compressed due to the collection of fluid or blood in the pericardium which surrounds the heart
  • aka: pericarditis
17
Q

Signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock:

A
  • restlessness, anxiety
  • falling blood pressure
  • weak, rapid pulse
  • shallow, difficult respirations
  • decreased urinary output
  • cool, clammy skin
  • possibly semiconscious or coma
18
Q

In the case of cardiogenic shock, what actions should be taken by RT?

A
  • summon assistance
  • put crash cart near the patient
  • place patient in a semi-fowlers(15-30 degrees) or upright sitting position
  • take vital signs every 15 minutes
  • be prepared to assist with administration of IV fluids and O2
  • keep patient quiet and stay with them
19
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Condition occurring when concussion, spinal cord injury, psychological trauma, or spinal anesthesia(causes abnormal dialation of the peripheral blood vessels), causing a drop in blood pressure as blood pools in the veins

20
Q

Signs and symptoms of -neurogenic shock

A
  • hypotension

* initial alertness (unless the patient is unconscious due to head injury)

21
Q

In the case of neurogenic shock, what actions are to be taken by RT?

A
  • vitals every 15 minutes
  • keep the patient flat
  • prepare to assist with administration of IV and O2
  • warm blanket
  • suction
  • emesis basin
  • gloves
22
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Caused by an extreme sensitivity to a particular antigen

23
Q

Early signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A
  • itching at injection site or around eyes and nose
  • sneezing
  • apprehension
  • nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
24
Q

Later symptoms of anaphylactic shock

A
  • edema of face, hands, or other body parts
  • choking, wheezing, difficulty breathing, cyanosis
  • airway tightens
  • falling BP
  • weak, rapid pulse
  • dilated pupils
25
Q

In the case of anaphylactic shock what actions should be taken by RT

A
  • keep emergency kit in rooms where IV contrast media are used
  • crash available
  • if patient has had previous allergic reactions, notify the radiologist before an injection is made
  • observe patient for any signs of allergic reaction
  • if symptoms are noted, immediately stop administering the medication and notify the radiologist
  • monitor the vital signs and observe for respiratory distress
  • never leave the patient unattended
  • place patient in semi-fowlers position or supine, and be prepared to assist with the administration of O2 and IV medication
  • prepare to administer CPR

Patient Care (2 decks)

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