Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care > Care Of Patients During Special Procedures > Flashcards

Care Of Patients During Special Procedures Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of special procedures

A
  • special procedures are ones that require the involvement of imaging the anatomy of a patient with close scrutiny
  • some of these patients have a life threatening illness, and are under going a special procedure to either confirm or rule out the illness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Role of RT in special procedures

A
  • the RT has many different responsibilities
  • educating patient( pre and post care)
  • prepping patient
  • setting up sterile tray
  • making sure the equipment is running properly
  • assisting the physician
  • communicating with the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actions to be taken by the RT in special procedures

A
  • sets up contrast material to be used, if any
  • runs equipment to be used during the procedure
  • responsible for imaging the case
  • O2 and suction available
  • takes a history from the patient
  • these are just a few tasks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Caring for the patient in special procedures

A
  • communication is key
  • education of the procedure before starting
  • expectations of the procedure and of the patient
  • use a calm, soft, and comforting voice. Be confident
  • patients are in our care, make them feel comfortable
  • warm blankets are a blessing
  • tell them where you will be, so they know they are not alone
  • never leave patient alone
  • a soft touch to the hand tells them you care
  • post exam care instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of special procedures

A 
• cardiac catheterizations
• cat scan
• ultra sound
• MRI
• Pet scan
* radionuclide Imaging
• radiation therapy
• mammography
• dexa scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A
  • procedure is performed to diagnose coronary artery patency
  • it can also be used to treat atherosclerosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The RT’s role in cardiac catheterization

A
  • responsible for the overall care of the patient
  • responsible for all the equipment, including the injector, fluoroscope, digital subtraction angiography, and monitoring equipment are working properly
  • watches the ekg waves as well
  • have suction, O2, emesis basin, blankets, crash cart, epinephrine,
  • sterile tray set up
  • assist radiologist/cardiologist perform surgical scrub
  • educate and assess the patient( consent, possible complications, NPO after midnight, allergies)
  • take vitals, locate pulse for procedure (usually the nurse does this)
  • assist with contrast administration; check expiration dates, color, crystallization, and dexterity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Communication with the patient

A
  • make sure to discuss the procedure in detail
  • discuss any anxieties the patient is having
  • be clear and concise with your instructions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Computed tomography

A
  • computerized tomography is a diagnostic imaging procedure that produces cross sectional anatomical images. It scans body tissues in different planes, using x-ray and computer technology
  • it aids in diagnosing pathology of the brain and other organ tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Patient care during CT

A
  • educate the patient to be NPO for certain CT exams
  • are they diabetic?
  • instructions for patients taking metformin
  • labs for creatinine
  • oral prep for abdomen/pelvis exams
  • breathing instructions
  • explain what to expect of the patient and what they should expect
  • tell them when to expect results and how to obtain them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RT’s role in CT

A
  • the CT tech warms up the machine and scans the patient
  • explains the procedure and what to expect
  • consents the patient
  • checks protocol with the radiologist
  • checks for allergies
  • takes the patients history
  • gives the radiologist as much information as possible about the patient’s history
  • labels the patient with a BB marker for are of pain
  • sets up injector
  • sets protocol for exam in computer
  • has suction, O2, emesis basin ready and available
  • charges for any supplies
  • prepares prep tray in sergical CT exams
  • performs aseptic surgical scrub
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CT techs role

A
  • has crash cart available for drug reactions

* gives patient post CT instructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ultrasound

A
  • uses sound waves to diagnose any pathology in the soft tissue structures of the body
  • it does not use radiation to obtain images. It is noninvasive, and does not require contrast medium
  • it does require water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patient care during ultrasound

A
  • Prep procedures; NPO, full bladder, no barium exams before
  • consent to invasive procedures
  • explain the procedure and how long it will take
  • when will the patient get the results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

US tech’s role

A
  • these procedures are performed by RT that are specially trained for this
  • US techs are responsible for explaining the procedure to the patient; length of exam, expectations, when they will get results
  • they make patient comfortable, again using warm blankets. Warm gel is used so that the transducer moves smoothly across the patient and so its more comfortable for the patient
  • the patients history taken
  • patient is screened before, to be sure of proper prep is done
  • the patient is told exactly what is going to happen. No surprises
  • the technologist gives the radiologist a preliminary report of the findings
  • patient is told when to hold breath
  • they use a transducer to move around the patients body, and take images of what is visualized
  • little post care instruction is given after these exams
  • the technologist also aids the radiologist in doing more technical procedures; thoracentesis, paracentesis, sonohysterography and ultrasound guided biopsies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A
  • noninvasive procedure that uses hydrogen atoms, and high radio frequency pulses to image the soft tissues of the body
  • it is used for diagnosing neoplasms, as well as vascular, bone and joint pathology
17
Q

Patient care during MRI

A
  • patient is prescreened for metal in their bodies; dentures, cochlear implants, pacemakers, metal implants, aneurysm clips
  • they are told how long the exam takes
  • patients have little preparation(unless claustrophobic
  • discuss claustrophobia issues
  • patient should look at the machine, if anxious
  • possibility of anti-anxiety meds
18
Q

Patient care in MRI

A
  • Patient is informed of the importance of holding still
  • possibility of contrast injection
  • consent for procedure
  • allergies
19
Q

RT role in MRI

A
  • MRI is performed by a radiologic technologist, or a person who is educated to do MRI
  • performs quality assurance testing each morning
  • sets up the protocols for each patients exam
  • discusses protocols with the radiologist
  • positions patients in the magnet
  • monitors the patients condition during the procedure
20
Q

MRI techs role

A

• give injections of gadolinium
• explains noises being heard
• makes patient feel at ease
• tells patient to communicate with the microphone
• speaks frequently to patient during exam
* obtains patients medical history
• screens patient for metal
• little post instruction needed unless contrast or sedatives are given
• tells patient when results will be ready

21
Q

Pet scan

A

Positron emission tomography is a cross between cat scan and nuclear medicine. It uses a radioactive isotope that is positively charged (positrons). When it interacts with an electron, both are destroyed and gamma rays are emitted. These rays are then recorded on a computer
• studies the blood flow, volume and protein metabolism
•it is imaged using cat scan
• it is very expensive, and few hospitals have it

22
Q

Patient care during pet scans

A

• explain the procedure
* obtain informed consent
• no tranquilizers or sedatives, they interfere with the exam
• no breast feeding afterwards for mothers
• patient may be instructed to do verbal games during brain scans
• recall and cognitive structures are scanned
• family member may stay near the patient if needed
• dementia patients have high anxiety

23
Q

RT role in pet scan

A
  • runs the scanner
  • explains the exam to the patient
  • obtains informed consent
  • no caffeine, nicotine, or alchohol before exam
  • gives radioactive isotope
  • works along side a pathologist
24
Q

Radionuclide imaging

A
  • aka: nuclear medicine
    • uses a radioactive isotope to image pathology. The isotope accumulates in areas of body that are abnormal. This could be an old fracture, a tumor, or a lesion
    • a gamma ray detector is used to detect these areas
25
Q

Care of patients during nuc med

A

• patients are consented to the procedure
• told they will be given a small amount of radiation
• told to be NPO for several hours before the procedure(unless looking at gallbladder
* can increase fluid intake afterwards to excrete the isotope
* patient told to lie still and rest comfortably during scan
• only one radionuclide scan per day
• isotope will excrete within 24 hours

26
Q

Nuc meds role

A
  • procedures are not necessarily performed by an RT
  • nuc med techs go to a specialized school
  • responsible for the patient’s care
  • explain the exam
27
Q

Radiation therapy

A
  • is a treatment to radiate cancer cells. This procedure involves a precisely positioned amount of x-ray to radiate cancer cells in the body
  • radiation used is therapeutic(kills cells), not diagnostic
  • the patient is tattooed. The radiation therapist controls the location and the amount of radiation to treat the patient with, at the location of the body
28
Q

Patient care during radiation therapy

A
  • these patients are very sick
  • their immune system is weak
  • keep them warm
  • let them know you care
  • dont rush them. They may have very fragile bones
  • they may be in different mental stages of the grieving process. Don’t try to fix the problem, but have a big ear for listening
  • explain the procedure
  • consent the patient, explaining the radiation level involved is toxic but controlled
  • tell them what to expect during the procedure and that they will have toxic effects afterward
29
Q

Radiation therapists role

A
  • radiation therapists get a specialized education in this field of practice
  • they follow the prescribed order of therapy for each patient
  • each patient is different
  • they make the patient as comfortable as possible
  • explain all steps involved in the treatment
30
Q

Mammography

A
  • mammography is an imaging modality to detect breast cancer in patients. It involves the compression of breast tissue and radiation, to obtain radiographs of breast tissue
  • the american cancer society recommends women at the age of 45 to have this done every other year, and at age 55 have one done every year there after
31
Q

Patient care during mammography

A
  • patient is too to not wear any deodorants, lotions or perfumes the day of the exam
  • they sign an informed consent, if they have implants
  • asked if they have had surgery, such as implants, lumps, pain and history of breast cancer
  • doing a procedure for a lump, pain or discharge, patient must identify, to do a proper work-up
  • there also needs to be an order from the physician for a diagnostic exam
  • patient changes into a gown
  • most facilities have patients fill out a reminder card for the next exam.
  • some facilities require patients to bring their old mammograms for comparison
32
Q

RTs role during mammography

A

• the mammography is liscened in mammography. They have to have special training and follow strict continuing education guidelines by the AART and the RHB

  • the mammography is responsible for educating each patient on how to give self breast exams
33
Q

Mammographers role

A
  • the tech obtains the patients medical history
  • explains the exam
  • screens for deodorant, perfumes or lotions
  • the importance of compression and holding still
  • positions the patient
  • palpates any lumps and marks them with a BB marker
  • also marks any moles
  • sets technical factors
  • obtains images through development through a computerized processor
  • uses computer aided detection device
  • involves the radiologist in diagnostic exams
  • works with ultrasound techs to do sonograms
  • performs quality assurance testing daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually

Patient Care (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions