Medical emergencies formative exam

Question 1

You respond to the scene of a 56-year-old obese female complaining of respiratory distress. She states that she has been feeling weak and a “little sick” for the past two days, but the respiratory distress has been getting progressively worse for the past several hours. She states she has “Heart problems”, suffers from high blood pressure, and takes a “water pill”. She is afebrile and has coarse crackles bilaterally. What is most likely the cause of her respiratory distress?

A. Dysrhythmia
B. Aortic aneurysm
C. Congestive heart failure
D. Acute myocardial infarction

Answer 1

C. Congestive heart failure

Question 2

Which of the following is not true concerning abdominal pain in geriatric patients?

A. Medications may mask signs of shock associated with an abdominal complaint
B. The older person may not be able to give a specific description of the pain
C. The causes of abdominal pain in geriatric patients are rarely serious
D. Older adults have a decreased ability to perceive pain

Answer 2

C. The causes of abdominal pain in geriatric patients are rarely serious

Question 3

During you radio report to the hospital, which of the following pieces of information should NOT be relayed?

A. Baseline vital signs
B. Patient’s mental status
C. Patient’s age
D. Patient’s name

Answer 3

D. Patient’s name

Question 4

Which of the following is the cause of most strokes?

A. A ruptured cerebral artery due to an aneurysm
B. Blockage of an artery supplying part of the brain
C. A ruptured cerebral artery due to hypertension
D. A spasm in an artery supplying part of the brain

Answer 4

B. Blockage of an artery supplying part of the brain

Question 5

When the lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause, it is called which of the following?

A. Spontaneous pneumothorax
B. Spontaneous pulmonary embolism
C. Spontaneous pertussis
D. COPD

Answer 5

A. Spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 6

Barbiturates may be referred to as which of the following?

A. Downers
B. Uppers
C. Acid
D. Meth

Answer 6

A. Downers

Question 7

Your patient was diagnosed with cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) three days ago. The patient now presents with nausea, vomiting, and pain in the right shoulder. The pain in the shoulder can be classified as:

A. Pancreatic pain
B. Referred pain
C. Somatic pain
D. Visceral pain

Answer 7

B. Referred pain

Question 8

You have been called to the home of a single vehicle crash. the victim lost control of the vehicle on an icy road and hit a tree. He shows signs of facial injury with bleeding, but is conscious and aware of his surroundings. Before you begin providing care to him, he tells you that he has HIV and is currently taking medication that has helped suppress his viral load. Based on this information, which of the following actions should you take?

A. Avoid direct contact with the patient but provide him with dressings he can apply himself.
B. Take standard precautions while providing care for the patient
C. Provide care without using precautions because his viral load is suppressed
D. Call medical direction and ask how you should proceed

Answer 8

B. Take standard precautions while providing care for the patient

Question 9

Volatile chemicals are agents that are able to change easily from a _____ into a _______.

A. Solid; vapor
B. Gas; liquid
C. Liquid; gas
D. Solid; liquid

Answer 9

C. Liquid; gas

Question 10

The EMT, after administering any medication, must do which of the following?

A. Reassess the patient, document the medication, and report to the receiving facility.
B. Wait 5 minutes, repeat the medication if needed, and reassess the patient’s vitals
C. Document the route, dose, and time; reassess the patient; and re-administer the medication
D. Reconsider the five rights, reassess the patient, and contact medical control

Answer 10

A. reassess the patient, document the medication, and report to the receiving facility

Question 11

Which of the following patients would be considered to be at the greatest risk for suicide?

A. a 44-year-old woman who has just recovered from a serious illness
B. A 30-year-old married man who has just learned that his employer is transferring him to a different state
C. a 35-year-old female who has a child with a serious illness
D. A 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced

Answer 11

D. A 22-year-old man who has lost his job and is getting divorced

Question 12

When should the EMT most likely expect to hear wheezes in a patient complaining of shortness of breath secondary to an asthma attack?

A. While holding his breath
B. While breathing out
C. While breathing in
D. In between breaths

Answer 12

B. While breathing out

Question 13

When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included?

A. time the medication was administered
B. Site of the medication administered
C. Patient’s response to the medication
D. All of the above

Answer 13

D. All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is an action caused by epinephrine in anaphylaxis?

A. Decreased heart rate
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Vasoconstriction
D. All of the above

Answer 14

C. Vasonconstriction

Question 15

Which of the following is typical of angina pectoris?

A. Lasts 10 to 30 seconds
B. Does not present following stress
C. May subside with rest
D. Does not respond to nitroglycerin

Answer 15

C. May subside with rest

Question 16

You are on the scene of a possible overdose. you find a 30-year-old man pacing around his living room. There is evidence of illicit drug use and the apartment is in disarray. the patient seems agitated and nervous. Attempts at calming the patient should include which of the following?

A. Speak quickly to give the patient all of the important information without delay
B. Sit close to him with you arm around his shoulders to show that you are truly concerned.
C. Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him
D. Stand still with your arms crossed to instill a sense of control and authority

Answer 16

C. Repeat part of what the patient is saying to show that you are listening to him

Question 17

You suspect that your patient is suffering from angina pectoris. What signs and symptoms would you expect to see with this condition?

A. Chest pain that is not relieved with rest
B. Chest pain that is not relieved with nitroglycerin
C. Chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin
D. Chest pain that radiates to the legq

Answer 17

C. Chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin

Question 18

Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally experience ________, causing a blockage or small blood vessels.

A. Aggregation
B. Clumping
C. Sludging
D. Clotting

Answer 18

C. Sludging

Question 19

Once an EMT has begun resuscitative efforts, when may the EMT cease those efforts?

A. Spontaneous circulation and breathing occur
B. The patient has no pulse after 1 minutes
C. No other rescuer is available to relieve the EMT
D. The EMT’s partner gives the order to cease

Answer 19

A. Spontaneous circulation and breathing occur

Question 20

A weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called:

A. An aneurysm
B. Angina
C. Asystole
D. Angioplasty

Answer 20

A. An aneurysm

Question 21

When restraining a patient, which of the following is NOT a consideration?

A. Patient’s size and strength
B. Patient’s informed consent
C. How to position the patient
D. Number of people available to carry out the required actions

Answer 21

B. Patient’s informed consent

Question 22

Your patient is a 44 year old female who has collapsed while jogging. She has been unresponsive for 4 to 5 minutes by the time you arrive. Her husband appears to be performing high quality CPR. Which of the following should be your FIRST action?

A. Stop CPR and check for a pulse
B. Insert a oropharyngeal airway and begin ventilations
C. Load the patient onto the ambulance for further assessment
D. Apply the AED

Answer 22

D. Apply the AED

Question 23

Most organs of the abdomen are enclosed within the:

A. Extraperitoneal space
B. Midline
C. Retroperitoneal space
D. Peritoneum

Answer 23

D. Peritoneum

Question 24

If an EMT is tasked with managing the family of a patient who is deceased after termination of resuscitation, what is an effective care strategy?

A. Tell the family the EMT knows how they feel
B. Prevent the family from seeing the deceased patient
C. Be straightforward and use direct language
D. Minimize the family’s time with the deceased patient

Answer 24

C. Be straightforward and use direct language

Question 25

Most epinephrine auto injectors contain how many doses of epinephrine?

A. Three
B. One
C. Two
D. None of the above

Answer 25

B. One

Question 26

When using an AED, which of the following people is responsible for calling to “Clear” the patient before delivering a shock?

A. EMT operating the defibrillator
B. EMT supervising bystanders
C. EMT doing chest compressions
D. EMT managing the airway

Answer 26

A. EMT operating the defibrillator

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding angina pectoris is true?

A. It is generally relieved by over the counter medications
B. It can be brought on by exertion or stress
C. It results in death of a smaller portion of myocardium than does a heart attack
D. It generally lasts 30-60 minutes

Answer 27

B. It can be brought on by exertion or stress

Question 28

You are transporting a 41-year-old female suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Her respiratory rate is 42 per minute, she is cyanotic, and she has a decreased level of responsiveness. Which of the following is the highest priority of care for this patient?

A. Search for epinephrine auto injector
B. Transport rapidly
C. Elevate the patients head
D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

Answer 28

D. Assist ventilations with a bag-valve-mask

Question 29

You suspect a patient who has been having a difficult time controlling the bleeding following a small laceration to the foot may have a history of:

A. Poorly controlled diabetes
B. High blood pressure
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Taking blood thinners

Answer 29

D. Taking blood thinners

Question 30

Which of the following instructions should you give to a patient whom you are about to assist with administering epinephrine?

A. This is not pleasant tasting, but it is important that you drink all of it.
B. Insert the mouthpiece and inhale deeply as you depress the canister.
C. I am going to inject medication into your thigh
D. Open your mouth and lift your tongue so i can spray this medication under your tongue

Answer 30

C. I am going to inject medication into your thigh

Question 31

Which of the following statements concerning severe allergic reactions is true?

A. Severe reactions often occur immediately, but they are occasionally delayed 30 minutes or more.
B. Allergies do not develop until a person is in his late teens to early 20s
C. A severe allergic reaction can be prevented by the use of an epinephrine auto-injector before exposure to the substance
D. A severe allergic reaction occurs only when the patient has never been exposed to the substance before

Answer 31

A. Severe reactions often occur immediately, but they are occasionally delayed 30 minutes or more

Question 32

Your patient is a 17 year old male who is spitting and coughing after swallowing some gasoline while siphoning from a gas tank. Which of the following should you do first?

A. Have the patient drink a glass of milk
B. Insert a combitube or another blind insertion device, if you are trained to do so
C. Contact medical control
D. Administer syrup of ipecac

Answer 32

C. Contact medical control

Question 33

The most frequent transplanted organ is the:

A. Heart
B. Kidney
C. Liver
D. Pancreas

Answer 33

B. Kidney

Question 34

Which of the following statements about sepsis is true?

A. Infections of the lungs commonly lead to sepsis, but sepsis is not typically associated with cases of pneumonia
B. The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a clearly defined source
C. Patients who use urinary catheters are at a decreased risk of sepsis because catheter use makes it harder for microbes to enter the urinary tract
D. Treatment of sepsis has changed and improved over time, but the definition of the condition has remained relatively unchanged

Answer 34

B. The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a defined source

Question 35

There are two types of seizures, if your patient is having a seizure that affects only one body part and does not cause her to lose consciousness, it is called a:

A. Tonic-clonic seizure
B. Partial seizure
C. Generalized seizure
D. Postictal seizure

Answer 35

B. Partial seizure

Question 36

You are dispatched to a suicide attempt. You arrive to find a 16-year-old who is extremely agitated and pacing up and down in the living room of his house. Apparently, he threatened to go out, get a gun, and shoot himself. His parents called it in as an attempted suicide. The scene is safe and there are apparently no weapons accessible to the patient. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate in caring for this patient?

A. Make certain the patient gets between you and the door. The patient should always feel he has an escape route
B. Do not take any action that may be considered threatening by the patient, doing so may bring about hostile behavior directed against you or others.
C. Do not isolate yourself from your partner or other sources of help
D. Always be on the watch for weapons

Answer 36

A. Make certain the patient gets between you and the door. The patient should always feel he has an escape route

Question 37

A(n) _______ device works by blowing oxygen or air continuously at a noninvasive pressure to prevent a patient’s alveoli from collapsing

A. OPQRST
B. CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure)
C. COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
D. Nonrebreather

Answer 37

B. CPAP (Continuous positive airway pressure)

Question 38

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of withdrawal from alcohol?

A. Seizures
B. hallucinations
C. Sweating
D. All of the above

Answer 38

D. All of the above

Question 39

At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto injector?

A. Buttocks
B. Upper arm
C. Thigh
D. Adbomen

Answer 39

C. Thigh

Question 40

A patient who demonstrates any one of the three symptoms from the Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale has a(n) _______% chance of having an acute stroke

A. 50
B. 80
C. 60
D. 70

Answer 40

D. 70

Question 41

When ventilating a child with adequate respirations, which of the following is the maximum rate at which artificial respirations should be delivered?

A. 15 per minute
B. 20 per minute
C. 24 per minute
D. 12 per minute

Answer 41

B. 20 per minute

Question 42

You are attending to an end stage renal disease (ESRD) patient who has missed dialysis. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

A. Calling for ALS would not be very helpful because they cannot really do anything that an EMT cannot do in these situations
B. Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless respond very well to the use of an AED
C. You should delay transport if necessary to wait for ALS
D. Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED

Answer 42

D. Patients who have missed dialysis and who become unresponsive and pulseless do not respond very well to the use of an AED

Question 43

Your patient is a 38 year old male who has taken an overdose of several different medications and has consumed some household cleaning agent as well. On your arrival, the patient only responds to painful stimuli and has a heart rate of 90 beats per minute with a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute. medical control orders you to give the patient two to three glasses of milk to drink to dilute the contents of the stomach. Which of the following actions should you do?

A. Refuse the order and explain why
B. Assist the patient in drinking only one glass of milk to reduce to risk of aspiration
C. Ask medical control if you can substitute water for the milk since water will not damage the lungs if aspirated
D. Assist the patient in drinking as much of the two to three glasses of milk as he can

Answer 43

A. Refuse the order and explain why

Question 44

Which of the following respiratory rates is considered an abnormal respiratory rate for an adult?

A. 8 breaths per minute
B. 16 breaths per minute
C. 12 breaths per minute
D. 20 breaths per minute

Answer 44

A. 8 breaths per minute

Question 45

You are called to a nursing home for an 85 year old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has been vomiting for about an hour, and the vomit looks like dark coffee ground. his blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. In what position should you transport the patient?

A. Left lateral recumbent
B. Supine
C. Supine with knees bent
D. Trendelenburg

Answer 45

A. Left lateral recumbent

Question 46

Pain felt in the epigastric region of the abdomen is of concern because of the possibility of which of the following?

A. Influenza
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Extreme diarrhea with dehydration
D. kidney stones

Answer 46

B. Myocardial infarction

Question 47

Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are ______ and _______.

A. Blood clots, COPD
B. High cholesterol, cerebral aneurysms
C. Hypertension, Diabetes
D. Heart failure, stroke

Answer 47

C. Hypertension, Diabetes

Question 48

You have been called to the scene of a 19 year old college student who is at his parents house for the weekend. The patient complains of sensitivity to light and nausea. He also has a headache and is covered in what appears to be a red rash that does not blanch when pressed. Your partner asks the patient to sit up straight and then brings his chin down to his chest. For which of the following diseases is your partner assessing the patient?

A. Meningitis
B. Hepatitis C
C. Tuberculosis
D. Shingles

Answer 48

A. Meningitis

Question 49

You are on the scene of a 5 year old patient who is in respiratory distress. The mother states that the patient has been making a “seal bark” sounding cough for the past 24 hours. The child is very scared. The patient has stable vital signs. He is leaning forward in the tripod position and is drooling profusely. After performing your primary assessment, what is your best treatment option?

A. Calm the child as much as possible and provide high concentration oxygen
B. Provide high concentration oxygen and have the parent hold the mask to the patient’s face
C. Use a tongue depressor to examine the patients mouth to determine whether the patient has strep throat or croup
D. Provide oxygen by BVM

Answer 49

A. Calm the child as much as possible and provide high concentration oxygen

Question 50

Which of the following is a trade name for activated charcoal?

A. Actifed
B. Charcoal
C. Mesquite
D. Actidose

Answer 50

D. Actidose

Question 51

Choose the correct completion to the statement regarding intravenous (IV) administration: This route is used to administer medication into the body directly or through the bloodstream and is:

A. Beyond the scope of the EMT level
B. Used in advanced life support only when the patient is intubated
C. Given in the field only with respect to blood transfusions
D. typically only performed in the prehospital environment

Answer 51

A. Beyond the scope of the EMT level

Question 52

Mumps infection is primarily spread through:

A. Saliva and droplets
B. All body fluids
C. Blood and saliva
D. Airborne droplets and direct contact

Answer 52

A. Saliva and droplets

Question 53

How does nitroglycerin decrease the level of chest pain that a patient experiences?

A. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood to enter the heart muscle
B. It constricts the blood vessels, forcing the lactic acid out of the heart
C. It constricts the blood vessels, forcing more blood into the heart muscle
D. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood flow to wash away the toxic lactic acid

Answer 53

A. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood to enter the heart muscle

Question 54

You are transporting a 50 year old male patient whom you successfully defibrillated at the scene. You are 5 minutes away from the hospital when the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the best course of action?

A. Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary
B. Analyze the cardiac rhythm and deliver shocks as necessary
C. Tell the driver to stop and assist you with CPR, and request another unit for assistance
D. Initiate CPR and continue transporting

Answer 54

A. Tell the driver to stop, analyze the cardiac rhythm, and deliver a shock as necessary

Question 55

Which of the following is acceptable when managing the patient with a behavioral or psychiatric emergency?

A. Allow family members to confront the patient about his behavior
B. Go along with the patient’s hallucinations or false beliefs
C. Sit as close to the patient as you can to reassure him that you will not abandon him
D. Make supportive statements such as, “That must have been very hard for you”

Answer 55

D. Make supportive statements such as, “That must have been very hard for you”

Question 56

Which of the following is included in the primary assessment of a conscious patient suffering from anaphylactic shock?

A. Finding out how the patient was exposed to the substance to which she is allergic
B. Determining whether the patients systolic blood pressure is over 100 mmHg
C. Looking for hives and swelling
D. Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty

Answer 56

D. Assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty

Question 57

You are called to the scene of a patient with influenza. She tells you her symptoms started about 5 days ago and she began taking antiviral medication 2 days ago. Her symptoms have not improved since taking the medication. What is the most likely reason the medication has been ineffective?

A. Antiviral medication for the flu must be started within 2 days of symptom onset to be effective
B. Antiviral medications are not effective against the flu because it is caused by bacteria rather than a virus
C. Antiviral medications for the flu work against the strains of the virus that are expected to be prevalent that year, and the medication isn’t effective against the strain the patient has.
D. Antiviral medication is often ineffective because the flu virus is capable of rapidly mutating inside the body

Answer 57

A. Antiviral medication for the flu must be started within 2 days of symptom onset to be effective

Question 58

Your patient is an unresponsive 30-year-old male wearing a medic-alert bracelet indicating that he is a diabetic. The patient’s coworkers came by his house to check on him when he did not show up for work and did not call in sick. Your assessment does not clearly indicate to you whether the patient may be hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic. Which of the following should you do next?

A. Apply oxygen and begin transport without taking further action
B. Administer oral glucose, as it will not cause additional harm in hyperglycemia but may prevent brain damage if the patient is hypoglycemic
C. Use the patient’s glucometer to check his blood sugar level
D. Use your glucometer to check his blood sugar level

Answer 58

A. Apply oxygen and begin transport without taking further action

Question 59

It is a chilly fall morning and you are called to an RV campground for three patients who are complaining of headache, dizziness, and nausea. your primary assessment reveals that they are cyanotic and have altered mental status. You suspect:

A. Snake bite
B. Food poisoning
C. Carbon monoxide poisoning
D. Bee sting

Answer 59

C. Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 60

Which of the following is the commonly accepted list of medications an EMT can assist the patient in taking or administer under the direction of the medical director?

A. Aspirin, acetaminophen, oral glucose, insulin, prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto-injectors
B. Aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, epinephrine auto-injectors, and naloxone
C. Any over the counter medication, oral glucose, and oxygen
D. Prescribed b4ronchodilator inhalers, prescribed nitroglycerin, and prescribed epinephrine auto-injectors

Answer 60

B. Aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, epinephrine auto-injectors, and naloxone

Question 61

You are called to the scene of an attempted suicide. You arrive to find a 25-year-old man sitting on the sofa who apparently cut his wrists. Family members have bandaged them, and there does not appear to be any bleeding risk at this time. The scene is secure. Which action would NOT be appropriate in treating the patient?

A. Contact the receiving hospital and report on current mental status and other essential information
B. Watch for sudden changes in the patients behavior and physical condition
C. Take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong and tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not.
D. As soon as possible, perform a history and physical exam and provide emergency care on the wrist, if necessary.

Answer 61

C. Take charge of the situation. Let the patient know that what he has done is wrong and tell him he is coming with you whether he likes it or not.

Question 62

Your respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. you arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. The patient is demonstrating the;

A. Clonic phase
B. Aura phase
C. Postictal phase
D. Tonic phase

Answer 62

C. Postictal phase

Question 63

Which of the following is an injury that commonly occurs in alcoholic patients with even minor head injuries?

A. Skull fracture
B. Subdural hematoma
C. Intracerebral hematoma
D. Concussion

Answer 63

B. Subdural hematoma

Question 64

You respond to the county jail for a 48-year-old inmate arrested two days ago for public intoxication. Guards state the patient is a known alcoholic and “frequent flyer”. The guards state that for several hours the patient was “acting crazy” and seeing “bugs on the walls”. the patient then began seizing and they called for an ambulance. You notice the patient is no longer seizing, diaphoretic, or confused. What condition do you suspect?

A. Alcohol poisoning
B. Acute episode of paranoid schizophrenia
C. LSD abuse
D. Delirium tremens

Answer 64

D. Delirium tremens

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT a cause of parietal pain?

A. Inflammation
B. Infection
C. Bleeding into the abdominal cavity
D. Muscle spasm

Answer 65

D. Muscle spasm

Question 66

Which of the following is the beneficial action of a beta blocker medication?

A. Slows the heart rate
B. Increases the amount of oxygen needed by the myocardium
C. Causes vasoconstriction, increasing the blood pressure
D. Increases the strength of myocardial contraction

Answer 66

A. Slows the heart rate

Question 67

Looking at the following list, which of these items does NOT correctly compare the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?

A. Hyperglycemic patients often have warm, red, dry skin, whereas hypoglycemic patient have cold, pale, moist, and clammy skin
B. The hyperglycemic patient often has acetone breath, whereas the hypoglycemic patient does not
C. The hypoglycemic patient usually complains of a headache, whereas the hyperglycemic patient does not
D. Hyperglycemia usually has a slower onset than hypoglycemia

Answer 67

C. The hypoglycemic patient usually complains of a headache, whereas the hyperglycemic patient does not.

Question 68

The blood has many functions critical to a patient’s health. Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood?

A. Control of bleeding by clotting
B. Delivery of oxygen to the cells
C. Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells
D. Removal and delivery of waste products to organs that provide filtration and removal, such as the kidneys and liver

Answer 68

C> Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells

Question 69

Once you encounter uncontrolled bleeding from an AV fistula, which of the following methods would you consider using to control bleeding in addition to direct pressure and elevation?

A. Pressure points
B. Tourniquet
C. Hemostatic dressings
D. Internal wound management

Answer 69

C. Hemostatic dressings

Question 70

Which of the following preventative measures is useful against all communicable diseases?

A. Vaccination
B. Hand washing
C. Covering sneezes and coughs
D. Standard precautions

Answer 70

D. Standard precautions

Question 71

Which of the following best describes a fluttering sensation in the chest?

A. Palpitations
B. Tachycardia
C. Dysrhythmia
D. Pulseless electrical activity of the heart

Answer 71

A. Palpitations

Question 72

Which of the following best describes the five rights?

A. In date, right medication, right order, right dose, right time
B. Right patient, right medication, In date, right dose, right route
C. Right decision, right medication, right order, right dose, right place
D. Right patient, right medication, right time, right dose, right route

Answer 72

D. Right patient, right medication, right time, right dose, right route

Question 73

Your patient is a 21-year-old female with a history of epilepsy. She is having a convulsion upon your arrival. Which of the following should you do?

A. Place a tongue depressor or spoon in the back of the mouth to prevent the patient from swallowing her tongue
B. Restrain the patient’s extremities to prevent injury from flailing of the arms and legs
C. Move furniture and other objects away from the patient to prevent injury
D. Insert a bite block, cloth, wallet, or similar item between the patient’s teeth to prevent her from biting her tongue

Answer 73

C. Move furniture and other objects away from the patient to prevent injury

Question 74

While caring for a 3-year-old child, you should be concerned if this respiratory rate exceeds __________ breaths per minute.

A. 24
B. 16
C. 30
D. 20

Answer 74

C. 30

Question 75

You are dispatched to a local fast food restaurant for an “nature unknown” call. You arrive on scene and find a 47-year-old male in front of the counter repeatedly singing “Happy Birthday” to himself. Police are on scene and the scene is safe. Which of the following would be considered appropriate care?

A. Have the police take charge, restrain the patient, and have him brought into your ambulance
B. Have your partner join you in approaching the patient and explain to him that he has to stop singing or you will have him arrested
C. Quickly approach the patient and take charge. Tell him he has to come with you to be evaluated
D. Quietly and carefully evaluate the situation and keep your emotions under control. Be as unhurried as you can.

Answer 75

D. Quietly and carefully evaluate the situation and keep your emotions under control. Be as unhurried as you can.

Question 76

Which of the following questions is inappropriate when taking the history of a female patient with abdominal pain?

A. Are you having vaginal bleeding or discharge now?
B. Have you had sexual intercourse since your last menstrual period?
C. If you are menstruating, is the flow normal?
D. What is your sexual orientation?

Answer 76

D. What is your sexual orientation?

Question 77

Which of the following terms refers to swelling of the lower extremities seen in many cardiac patients?

A. Presacral swelling
B. Crackles
C. Pedal edema
D. Congestive heart failure

Answer 77

C. Pedal edema

Question 78

Which of the following most accurately describes the pathophysiology of sepsis?

A. The body overreacts to an infection and secretes substances that hurt cells, tissues, and organs
B. More then one type of infection agent invades the body, limiting the immune system’s response top each agent
C. Vasoconstriction and internal fluid retention lead to shock that does not respond to intravenous fluids
D. An infectious agent in the body multiplies very rapidly, overwhelming the body’s natural immune response

Answer 78

A. The body overreacts to an infection and secretes substances that hurt cells, tissues, and organs.

Question 79

Mechanical CPR devices are used by EMS agencies in order to provide:

A. Better quality of care with less training
B. High quality compressions
C. A 100% success rate
D. A faster response time to the scene

Answer 79

B. High quality compressions

Question 80

Which of the following is the main focus of the EMT’s assessment and history taking of the patient with abdominal pain?

A. Determining the cause of the pain
B. Determining the presence of shock
C. Determining the possible need for immediate surgery
D. Determining if the patient meets criteria to refuse treatment and transport

Answer 80

B. Determining the presence of shock

Question 81

Which of the following does not indicate that a patient may be about to become violent?

A, Rapid speech and movement
B. Rapid pulse and breathing
C. Tense body posture or clenched fists
D. Crying

Answer 81

D. Crying

Question 82

You are on the scene of a 65-year-old female patient in cardiac arrest. CPR is in progress and the AED has been applied. The AED advises shock. After defibrillating the patient, what is your next intervention?

A. Insert a combitube
B. Continue CPR
C. Check for a pulse
D. Place in the recovery position

Answer 82

B. Continue CPR

Question 83

Which of the following is the proper method of disposing of a used epinephrine auto-injector?

A. Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container
B. Leave it at the scene for the patient or his family to dispose of
C. Bend the needle at an angle to prevent accidental punctures and place it in the trash
D. Take it to the hospital for disposal in the emergency department

Answer 83

A. Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container

Question 84

What is the BEST way to determine that you are getting adequate ventilation with a bag-valve mask?

A. Ensure the pulse oximeter reads 95 to 100%
B. Push the full amount of air in the bag into the patient
C. Look for chest rise and fall
D. Hyperventilate the patient until the oxygen saturation reaches 100%

Answer 84

C. Look for chest rise and fall

Question 85

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral emergencies is TRUE?

A. A person with a behavioral emergency is mentally ill
B. The person with a behavioral emergency requires prolonged institutionalization
C. Emotional outbursts are considered behavioral emergencies
D. It may be difficult to determine what behavior is abnormal for a given person in a given situation

Answer 85

D. It may be difficult to determine what behavior is abnormal for a given person in a given situation.

Question 86

You are ventilating a 6-year-old child an note that his heart rate has decreased from 70 to 54. Which of the following is NOT appropriate?

A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway and continue ventilating
B. Check the flow of oxygen reaching the bag-valve mask device
C. Increase the force of ventilations
D. Notify medical control that the patients condition has improved

Answer 86

D. Notify medical control that the patient’s condition has improved

Question 87

How long does a typical hemodialysis treatment last?

A. 1 to 2 hours
B. 3 to 4 hours
C. 7 to 8 hours
D. 10 to 12 hours

Answer 87

B. 3 to 4 hours

Question 88

Which of the following explains why a patient may experience difficulty breathing during anaphylaxis?

A. Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing
B. Allergens bind to hemoglobin, preventing it from carrying oxygen
C. Swelling in the brain decreases the respiratory drive
D. Allergens clump together and block blood flow through the lungs

Answer 88

A. Swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing

Question 89

Which of the following is an example of a medication’s trade name?

A. Nitrostat
B. Epinephrine
C. Oxygen
D. 4 dihydroxyphenyl acetate

Answer 89

A. Nitrostat

Question 90

Which of the following BEST describes an appropriate shock sequence for the patient in ventricular tachycardia?

A. Shock, shock, shock, pulse check, 2 minutes of CPR, shock, shock, shock
B. Shock, shock, shock, shock
C. Shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check, shock, pulse check
D. shock, 2 minutes of CPR, reanalyze, shock again if indicated

Answer 90

D. Shock, 2 minutes of CPR, reanalyze, shock again if indicated

Question 91

Which of the following patients is at he lowest risk of developing sepsis?

A. An elderly patient who is recovering from abdominal surgery
B. A college aged patient who breaks his arm in a skateboard crash
C. A pediatric patient who has developed pneumonia in both lungs
D. A patient with a compromised immune system who has a permanent gastronomy tube

Answer 91

B. A college aged patient who breaks his arm in an skateboard crash

Question 92

What is (are) the FIRST organ(s) perfused by blood leaving the heart?

A. Heart
B. Coronary arteries
C. Liver
D. Lungs

Answer 92

A. Heart

Question 93

A drug’s form refers to which of the following?

A. The type of container it comes in
B. The way in which it is administered
C. The mandatory paperwork that must be completed when giving any drug
D. It’s physical state, such as powder, liquid, or gas

Answer 93

D. It’s physical state, such as powder, liquid, or gas

Question 94

You respond to a 65-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. your physical exam reveals a non-pulsating mass in the lower left quadrant. you suspect:

A. Splenic rupture
B. Aortic abdominal aneurysm
C. Hernia
D. Appendicitis

Answer 94

C. Hernia

Question 95

You are the first on the scene of a 72-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. You have your medical supply kit, oxygen, and an AED. At least 4 to 45 minutes of high quality CPR has been provided by the police officer who arrives before you. You have confirmed an open airway, apnea, and pulselessness. Which of the following should you do next?

A. Contact medical direction before taking any action
B. Perform one rescuer CPR until additional personnel arrive
C. Apply the defibrillator pads and shock as indicated
D. Perform bag-valve-mask ventilations with supplemental oxygen for 30 seconds before applying the defibrillator pads.

Answer 95

C. Apply the defibrillator pads and shock as indicated

Question 96

Albuterol and epinephrine both have bronchodilation properties that improve the amount of oxygen that a person can inhale and absorb. However, albuterol is administered only for asthma, whereas epinephrine is administered for both asthma and anaphylaxis. why is epinephrine, and not albuterol, the first choice for anaphylaxis?

A. Albuterol slows down the heart rate too much
B. Albuterol is not a vasoconstrictor
C. Albuterol makes the heart rate increase too much
D. Albuterol drops the blood pressure too low

Answer 96

B. Albuterol is not a vasoconstrictor

Question 97

According to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) system, which of the following criteria would NOT contribute to a patient’s likelihood of developing sepsis?

A. Heart rate of 87
B. Systolic blood pressure of 76
C. Temperature of 95.3 degrees Fahrenheit
D. Respiratory rate of 32

Answer 97

A. Heart rate of 87

Question 98

Which of the following is the most common cause of seizures in adults?

A. Fever
B. Failure to take prescribed medication
C. Withdrawal from alcohol
D. Head trauma

Answer 98

B. Failure to take prescribed medication

Question 99

What is one of the most common diseases to affect the renal and urinary system?

A. Urinary tract infections
B. End stage renal disease
C. Acute renal failure
D. Kidney stones

Answer 99

A. Urinary tract infections

Question 100

What is epilepsy?

A. A condition caused by congenital brain abnormalities that causes seizures only twice a year
B. A condition in which a person has an aura followed by seizure usually caused by infection
C. A condition in which a person has multiple seizures usually controlled by medication
D. A condition in which a person has generalized seizures that start in childhood

Answer 100

C. A condition in which a person has multiple seizures controlled by medication