medical emergencies Flashcards
adrenaline
1ml ampoules of 1:1000 solution
use 0.5ml in syringe for intramuscular injection (we have 2 doses, use second if unresponsive in 5mins at different site)
z track technique
legs above head
for anaphylaxis
aspirin
300mg dispersible tablets, wait 10mins before any water needs absorbed by oral mucosa
for MI
GTN spray
glyceryl trinate spray
400micrograms per metered dose
2 puffs under tongue
for MI
salbutamol
100micrograms per acutation - try straight with them first
spacer device - 10x into it and getm to breathe into it for 20secs (no more as then start to breathe in CO2)
asthma
glucagon
1mg for intramuscular injection
when unconcious, roll to combine contents inject with z track technique, then give sugar
hypoglycaemia (type 1), if concious try glucose sweets first
midazolam
5mg/ml
use 10mg (2ml) via buccal sulcus if repeated or prolonged seizure
oxygen cylinder
15l via non rebreathing mask
90% O2 delivery, aim for tightest seal
25mins worth of O2 in tank
BLS
30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
5-6cm deep
120 per min
BVM with humidity moisture exchange valve - ensure good seal
acronym for BLS
DRS ABC
Danger
Response
Shout for help
Airways
Breathing
Circulation
ac
acrnoym for med emergency
ABCDE
Airways
Breathing
Circualtion
Disability
Exposure
paeds BLS
15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
child similar to adult
infant - two fingers or two thumbs
glucagon action
inc concentration of glucose in the blood by promoting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis to convert glycogen to glucose
hypoglyceamia
signs of hypoglycaemic coma
pale
shaky
sweaty/clammy
dizzy
hungry
confusion
blurred vision
loss of conciousness
hypoglycaemia tx
if concious and cooperative
delivery oral glucose 10-20g or sugary drinnk
hypoglycaemia tx if unconcious/uncooperative
1mg IM glucagon injection and oral glucose when regain conciousness
if after 15mins not regained concsious 2nd dose glucagon
midazolam mode of action
short-acting benzodiazepine
enhances the effect of neurotransmitter GABA on the GABA receptors resulting in neural inhibiton
resp despression
hypotension
signs of eplieptic fit
loss of conciousness
uncontrollable muscle spasm
drooling
tonic (falls rigid)
clonic (sharp jerky movements)
hypotension
hypoxia
loss of airway tone
medication of epileptic fit
100% oxygen 15l/min
midazolam 2ml (5mg/ml so 10mg) into buccal cavity
reppeat after 5mins if not worked
salbutamol
action
short acting selective beta2-agonsit
relaxes smooth muscles in the brochi causing bronchdilation
asthma
signs of asthma attack
airway constriction
fast breathing
wheeze
gasping
clutching chest
tachycardia
adrenaline action
powerful vasoconstrictor
bronchodilator
inc contractility of myocardium
aspirin
action
anti platelet
slows down platelet aggregration
GTN spray
action
Vasodilator
* Venous only not arteries
Reduce preload, reduce strain on heart
