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Medical Emergencies > Medical disorders relating to dentistry > Flashcards

Medical disorders relating to dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Why could a patient with heart conditions affect dental treatment?

A

The stress/anxiety of dental treatment could cause an already malfunctioning heart to stop coping, potentially leading to a medical emergency

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2
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

Inflammation of heart muscles, usually following a viral infection

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3
Q

What is Valvular disease?

A

Inadequate function of any of the 4 heart valves

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4
Q

What is Angina?

A

Reduced blood flow due to a partial obstruction/clot

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5
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Full obstruction of a cerebral artery

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6
Q

What is a cerebral artery?

A

A brain artery

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7
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

Full obstruction of a pulmonary artery

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8
Q

What does a pulmonary artery supply?

A

The lungs with deoxygenated blood to be reoxygenated

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9
Q

Why are blood disorders relevant to dentistry?

A

A blood disorder usually means the body is receiving insufficient amounts of oxygen, this could pose a risk for treatment under sedation or general anaesthetic

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10
Q

What is anaemia?

A

A blood condition meaning the erythrocytes are carrying insufficient amounts of oxygen

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11
Q

What are the causes of anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency, insufficient production of red blood cells (erythrocytes)

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12
Q

What is a haemorrhage?

A

Excessive bleeding

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13
Q

Why might a patient haemorrhage?

A

If taking anti-coagulants and precautions haven’t been taken prior to extraction

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14
Q

What precautions can be taken for a patient due to have an extraction but is taking warfarin?

A

The patient should have an INR test on the day of treatment and only go ahead with treatment if the score is between 2-4

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15
Q

What precautions can be taken for a patient due to have an extraction but is taking apixaban?

A

The patients doctor must deem it safe for the patient to stop taking the medication 3 days prior to extraction

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16
Q

If a patient is taking apixaban, but their doctor feels it is unsafe for the patient to stop taking it for 3 days to have an extraction, what option does the patient have?

A

Referral to the hospital for extraction under LA, sedation or GA

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17
Q

What is bronchial asthma?

A

Breathing difficulties

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18
Q

Why is bronchial asthma relevant to dentistry?

A

Stressful situations can cause anxiety which increases the risk of an asthma attack

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19
Q

What medications will make bronchial asthma worse?

A

NSAID’s

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20
Q

What does NSAID’s stand for?

A

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs

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21
Q

What is an example of NSAID’s?

A

Aspirin and ibuprofen

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22
Q

Which two medical emergencies are not respiratory disorders but do restrict or block the airways?

A

Choking or anaphylaxis

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23
Q

Which are the two types of bronchitis?

A

Acute bronchitis and chronic bronchitis

24
Q

What is acute bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

25
Q

What is the bronchi?

A

The main airways to the lungs

26
Q

How is acute bronchitis caused?

A

Usually follows a respiratory infection

27
Q

Why is acute bronchitis less relevant to dentistry then chronic bronchitis?

A

Acute bronchitis is short lived but usually leaves people bed-bound

28
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Increasingly narrow airways

29
Q

What are the probable causes of chronic bronchitis?

A

Smoking or occupants of a heavily industrialised area

30
Q

What is a big give away symptom of chronic bronchitis?

A

Coughing up lots of sputum

31
Q

What does sputum mean?

A

Phlegm

32
Q

Why is bronchitis relevant to dentistry?

A

Patients who suffer from bronchitis are prone to chest infections so shouldn’t be treated under sedation unless in a hospital and general anaesthetic should be the last resort.

33
Q

What is emphysema ?

A

A condition which affects external respiration?

34
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Where with every breath the carbon dioxide is breathed out and more oxygen breathed in

35
Q

What does COPD stand for?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

36
Q

What is COPD?

A

The combination of bronchitis and emphysema together

37
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

38
Q

Possible causes of dysphagia are:

A

Xerostomia
Mucosal damage from acid reflux
Poor muscular control when swallowing
Oesophageal tightening from acid reflux scars
Poor nervous control swallowing from stroke

39
Q

Why is dysphagia relevant to dentistry?

A

It could lead to malnourishment leaving the patient prone to infection and poor wound healing

40
Q

What is gastro-oesophageal reflux?

A

Acid reflux

41
Q

What digestive system disorder could occur after a large meal?

A

gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux)

42
Q

What digestive system disorder could occur from eating just before lying down or bending?

A

gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux)

43
Q

What digestive system disorder could occur in the final stages of pregnany?

A

gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux)

44
Q

The pain from gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux) is described as:

A

heart burn/indigestion

45
Q

What digestive system disorder does the following describe:
Part of the stomach is forced through the diaphragm and is stuck in the thoracic cavity.

A

Hiatus hernia

46
Q

What can a hiatus hernia cause?

A

Acid reflux

47
Q

What does a hiatus hernia affect?

A

The emptying of the stomach

48
Q

Why is a hiatus hernia relevant to dentistry?

A

Acid reflux can cause acid erosion over time.
Digestive problems means the body cannot remove toxins from drugs such as LA as quickly as usual

49
Q

Why is gastro-oesophageal reflux (acid reflux relevant to dentistry?

A

It can cause acid erosion of the teeth over time.

50
Q

Why is bulimia a relevant medical disorder to dentistry?

A

The frequent vomiting will cause acid erosion of the teeth

51
Q

What are the first signs of bulimia when looking at a patient’s teeth?

A

Acid erosion starting with the palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth

52
Q

What does Chron’s disease affect?

A

The gastro-intestinal tract (GIT)

53
Q

How does Chron’s disease affect the body?

A

The walls of the GIT thicken and eventually cannot absorb any nutrients

54
Q

Why is Chron’s disease relevant to dentistry?

A

It can cause malnourishment leaving patient’s prone to infection and poor wound healing.

55
Q

Why are gastric ulcers relevant to dentistry?

A

Because syptoms include vomiting which can cause acid erosion over time.

Medical Emergencies (4 decks)

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