Medical Conditions Flashcards
Angina
Signs and symptoms
Chest pain that:
- feels tight, dull or heavy, pressure, squeezing
- it may radiate to your left arm, neck, jaw or back
- is triggered by (stable) physical exertion or stress
- stops within a few minutes of resting
Dizziness Fatigue Nausea Shortness of breath Sweating
Angina pathophysiology
Angina is a result of the blood vessels to supply the hearts metabolic demand. Usually due to an obstruction or partial occlusion of the arteries. The main culprit being atherosclerosis.
Gallstones
Signs and symptoms
May be no signs and symptoms or a blockage may show :
- Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the upper right portion of your abdomen
- Sudden and rapidly intensifying pain in the center of your abdomen, just below your breastbone
- Back pain between your shoulder blades
- Pain in your right shoulder
- Nausea or vomiting
Pain may last several minutes to several hours
Gallstones
Pathophysiology
Gallstones are produced when the concentration of the bile is such that stones of cholesterol precipitate out. They can range in size from a grain of rice to a golf ball.
Acute Pulmonary oedema
Signs and symptoms
- Extreme shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnea) that worsens with activity or when lying down
- A feeling of suffocating or drowning that worsens when lying down
- Wheezing or gasping for breath
- Cold, clammy skin
- Anxiety, restlessness or a sense of apprehension
- A cough that produces frothy sputum that may be tinged with blood
- Blue-tinged lips
- A rapid, irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Diabetes type 1
Signs and symptoms
Type 1 diabetes can be sudden onset.
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Bed-wetting in children who previously didn’t wet the bed during the night
Extreme hunger
Unintended weight loss
Irritability and other mood changes
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
Diabetes type 2
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly. In fact, you can have type 2 diabetes for years and not know it. Look for:
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Increased hunger
Unintended weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections
Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck
STEMI
Signs and symptoms
Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back
Nausea, indigestion, heartburn or abdominal pain
Shortness of breath
Cold sweat
Fatigue
Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness
N STEMI
Signs and symptoms
shortness of breath
pressure, tightness, or discomfort in your chest
pain or discomfort in your jaw, neck, back, or stomach
dizziness
lightheadedness
nausea
sweating
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Both types of heart attack are considered acute coronary syndromes, a term that describes any blockage of blood supply to the heart muscle. As a result, NSTEMI and STEMI can lead to damage of the heart tissue.
Diverticulitis
Signs and symptoms
A
Seizures
Pathophysiology
A
Peripheral vascular disease
A
What is bile made of ?
Bile is made up of bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile pigments (such as bilirubin and biliverdin), electrolytes and water.
Pulmonary embolism
Signs and symptoms
A
