Medical Asepsis & Surgical Nursing

Question 1

What is Medical Asepsis?

Answer 1

reducing the number or the spread of microorganisms to keep staff, visitors, and other patients safe

Question 2

Why are we concerned with hand washing?

Answer 2

the best method to decrease the spread of microorganisms

Question 3

What info increases the risk for infection? (5)

Answer 3

age, decreased nutrition, stress (increased cortisol levels), poor circulation, diabetes

Question 4

What is a nosocomial infection?

Answer 4

hospital-acquired infection that as not present when the patient was admitted

Question 5

What is an SSI?

Answer 5

surgical site infection

Question 6

What is CAUTI?

Answer 6

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection

Question 7

What is MRSA?

Answer 7

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Question 8

What is VRE?

Answer 8

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Question 9

What is C-diff?

Answer 9

Clostridium difficile

Question 10

What is CLABSI?

Answer 10

Central line-associated bloodstream infection

Question 11

What PPE would you wear for CONTACT precautions? (pre-covid)

Answer 11

gown and gloves

Question 12

What PPE would you wear for DROPLET precautions?

Answer 12

face shield/mask, gown, gloves

Question 13

What objective data might make you suspect a patient has C-diff? (5)

Answer 13

odor, abdominal pain, explosive & consistent diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite

Question 14

What is an important hand disinfecting rule you need to know regarding C-diff?

Answer 14

soap and water - purell is not effective

Question 15

A new patient is placed in a negative pressure room; what type of precaution is this? Give examples

Answer 15

Airborne precaution - ex. COVID, SARS, MERS, TB, Measles

Question 16

What PPE would you need to enter an AIRBORNE precaution room?

Answer 16

N95 mask or PAPR (powered purifying respirator)

Question 17

How to perform a moist-to-moist dressing change? (3)

Answer 17

• irrigate the wound (forcefully)
• place pre-moistened gauze in the wound
• cover with think bandage (ABD pad)

Question 18

What is tertiary intention?

Answer 18

purposeful delay of closure due to an infection or need first to remove eschar/slough

Question 19

What is primary intention?

Answer 19

well approximated edges

Question 20

What is secondary intention?

Answer 20

open wound, edges not approximated due to tissue loss

Question 21

What is an external fixator?

Answer 21

stabilizes fractured bones while they heal; pins are placed in the bone (needs pin care)

Question 22

What is pin care?

Answer 22

push down on the skin while you clean it with a cotton swab and saline

Question 23

Explain the use of maggots in medicine

Answer 23

maggots are used as a last resort; they only eat necrotic tissue and are raised in a lab (disinfected/sterilized so they don’t turn into flies)

Question 24

What should you do next if you accidentally flip the gauze on the edge of the sterile field?

Answer 24

leave the gauze there and use a different gauze bc that piece of gauze is no longer sterile as it now resting on the one-inch border

Question 25

What is Serosanguinous?

Answer 25

pinkish clear fluid from a wound

Question 26

What is Sanguinous?

Answer 26

bright red fluid from a wound

Question 27

What is Serous?

Answer 27

clear fluid from a wound

Question 28

What is Purulent?

Answer 28

milky, white pus, yellow or greenish tinge (has odor) discharge

Question 29

A bed sore (decubitus ulcer) is present with tendons visible, what stage is this?

Answer 29

stage IV - full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle; may include tunneling and increased risk for osteomyelitis

Question 30

What is a Stage I wound?

Answer 30

area of redness, may be painful, with skin intact

Question 31

What is an Unstageable wound?

Answer 31

full thickness tissue loss, significant amounts of slough/eschar

Question 32

What is a Stage II wound?

Answer 32

partial thickness loss of dermis, red/pink wound bed - ex. forme or popped blister

Question 33

What is a deep tissue injury?

Answer 33

purple/red colored area of intact tissue, blood-filled area, may be painful, boggy to touch

Question 34

What is a Stage III wound?

Answer 34

full thickness loss, may see subcutaneous tissue but no bone, tendon, or muscle - may include tunneling

Question 35

Patient X has a nasal cannula and complains of pain where it rests on their ear. You see there's a blister on the patient's ear. What type of injury is this?

Answer 35

HAPI (hospital-acquired pressure injury)

Question 36

How often do you typically drain wound vacs?

Answer 36

q4, measured and documented

Question 37

What is yellow tissue called?

Answer 37

Slough

Question 38

What is black tissue called?

Answer 38

Eschar

Question 39

You see a new order has been added for Santyl cream for the wound to address eschar and slough, what is this cream and what is it for?

Answer 39

Collagenase Enzymatic Ointment - only want to put this cream on the slough and eschar tissue (NOT on healthy tissue) to liquefy the tissue and remove it

Question 40

What does a wound vac do and what is it?

Answer 40

a vacuum-like device for wounds with extensive drainage

Question 41

What are the benefits of wound vac? (6)

Answer 41

remove drainage, decrease edema, increase capillary growth, increase blood flow, promote granulation tissue, increase proliferation of cells

Question 42

What would be contraindicated to a wound VAC?

Answer 42

eschar/slough in a wound, untreated