Medical abdomen

Question 1

What is used as secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 1

Lactulose and rifaximin

Question 2

What diagnosis should you consider in young female patients who develop AKI after the initiation of an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 2

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 3

What antibiotics are strongly linked to C. Difficule?

Answer 3

Cephalosporins (e.g. ceftriaxone) and clindamycin

Question 4

What renal condition causes an ‘allergic’ type picture consisting usually of raised urinary WCC, IgE, and eosinophils, alongside impaired renal function?

Answer 4

Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 5

What is the H. pylori eradication treatment?

Answer 5

PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin, or
PPI + metronidazole + clarithromycin

Question 6

What is the management for SBP?

Answer 6

IV cefotaxime

(prophylaxis is oral ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin)

Question 7

How do you diagnose malnutrition?

Answer 7

Unintentional weight loss greater than 10% within the last 3-6 months

Question 8

What type of bacteria is Clostrium difficile?

Answer 8

Gram positive rod

Question 9

What is the treatment of first episode of C. Difficile?

Answer 9

first-line therapy is oral vancomycin for 10 days

second-line therapy: oral fidaxomicin

third-line therapy: oral vancomycin +/- IV metronidazole