Medical Flashcards
1
Q
Buergers Disease
A
- AKA THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS
- INFLAMMATION of the VASCULATURE of ARMS and LEGS
- can lead to GANGRENE
- SMOKING is the PRIMARY CAUSE
- can be PAINFUL due to ISCHEMIA caused by THROMBOSIS (formation of blood clots)
- if patient does not stop smoking, amputation is likely
2
Q
Energy of Expenditure of Various Amputations Levels
A
BELOW KNEE
10-40%
BILATERAL BK
123%
AK
45-70% greater
BILATERAL AK
300%greater
WHEELCHAIR
0-8%
3
Q
Causes of Amputation (5)
A
- CONGENITAL => ~5.5%
- CHRONIC INFECTION(osteomyelitis) => ~5.5%
- TUMOR => ~4.5 %
- TRAUMA => ~22%
- VASCULAR DISEASE => ~68%
4
Q
Amputation Statistics
A
- 12 900 in Canada/year
- 85% LE / 15% UE
- 3.5 males : 1 Female
- 83.8% over 60 yr of age
5
Q
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
A
- a GROUP of DISEASES in which BLOOD VESSELS become RESTRICTED and or BLOCKED
- can lead to ; PAIN, ISCHEMIA, poor healing, decreased sensation, gangrene=> amputation, weakened skin, ulceration, embolism
6
Q
Diabetes mellitus
A
- a condition in which the PANCREAS NOT PRODUCING ENOUGH INSULIN or CELLS STOP RESPONDING TO INSULIN that is produced, so that GLUCOSE IN BLOOD CANNOT BE ABSORBED
- TYPE 1, JUVENILE DIABETES, occurs in childhood or adolescence, patients are often insulin dependent
- TYPE 2, LATE ONSET DIABETES occur in older adults who are often overweight/don’t exercise, can usually be controlled with diet/oral meds
- can lead to: keto acidosis, HEART DISEASE infections, retinopathy, DECREASED SENSATION AND HEALING, leading cause of AMPUTATION, kidney failure
7
Q
Charcot Joint
A
- a PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATIVE disease caused by NERVE DAMAGE resulting in the loss of ability to feel pain (NEUROPATHY) in the joint and INSTABILITY of the joint
- aka NEUROPATHIC JOINT DISEASE
- INJURIES to the joint GO UNNOTICED leading to INSTABILITY and making the joint MORE SUSCEPTABLE TO INJURY
- SWELLING, STIFFNESS, DEFORMTIY
- PROGRESSIVE DEGENERATION OF WEIGHT BEARING JOINT
8
Q
Phocomelia
A
- CONGENITAL disorder involving MALFORMATION of the limbs
- use of THALIDOMIDE or GENETIC inheritance
- various anomalies of the face, limbs, ears, nose, vessels, etc.
9
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
- a DISEASE in which FATTY PLAQUES FORM on the inside WALLS of BLOOD VESSELS
- causes NARROWING of the vessel and therefore a RESTRICTIONS in BLOOD FLOW
10
Q
Osteomyelitis
A
- INFECTION and INFLAMMATION of BONE and BONE MARROW
RESULT OF
- acute case (25%)
- open fracture
- surgery
- polymicrobial
11
Q
Malignant tumor
A
- any ABNORMAL GROWTH OF TISSUE that LACKS FUNCTIONAL COORDINATION with the result of the body
- GROWS IN UNREGULATED FASHION and DESTROYS TISSUES AND ORGANS
- SARCOMAS: CANCER derived from CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- OSTEOSARCOMA: malignant BONE TUMOR
12
Q
Meningococcemia
A
- INFECTION OF THE BLOOD
- patients are often CHILDREN
- get very sick SYSTEMATICALLY
- MULTIPLE AMPUTATIONS
13
Q
Intermittent claudification
A
- a CRAMPING PAIN and WEAKNESS in the LEGS esp. CALVES on walking that disappears
- INADEQUATE BLOOD SUPPLY to the muscles
14
Q
Verrucous Hyperplasia
A
- a PROLIFERATIVE INFLAMMATORY LESIONS
- characterized by sharp or blunt upward papillary projections of squamous epithelium
- CAULIFLOWER APPEARANCE and WATERY wart-like BLISTERS
- often an indication of not TOTAL CONTACT
- FLUID is POOLS into the AREA OF NON CONTACT
15
Q
Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency (PFFD)
A
- a CONGENITAL ANOMALY characterized by a FAILURE OF NORMAL DEVELOPMENT of the PROXIMAL END OF FEMUR AND ILLIOFEMORAL JOINT
- 50% of cases will also have FIBULAR HEMIMELIA
