Mediastinum

Question 1

Contents of the superior mediastinum

Answer 1

Remains of thymus

Large arteries:
Arch of aorta
brachiocephalic
left common carotid
Left subclavian arteries

Nerves:
Phrenic
Vagus
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Trachea, lymph nodes, Oesophagus, thoracic duct, Sympathetic trunks

Question 2

Points at the sternal angel

Answer 2

The separation between superior and inferior mediastina

Beginning and end of the aortic arch

Bifurcation of the trachea

Azygos vein arches over the root of the Rt lung and drains into SVC

Thoracic duct crosses from right to left

The upper limit of the base of the heart

Question 3

what border the trachea anteriorly

Answer 3

➢Sternum + sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles attached

➢Thymus

➢Lt. Brachiocephalic V

➢Brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries.

➢Arch of Aorta.

Question 4

Right relations to trachea:

Answer 4

➢AzygosVein.

➢Right Vagus

➢Rt Brachiocephalic vein + SVC (Anterolateral)

All veins and one nerVe just memorize them

Question 5

Trachea Left Side relations:

Answer 5

➢Arch of Aorta.

➢Left common carotid A.

➢Left SubclavianA.

➢Left Vagus Nerve

➢Left Phrenic Nerve

➢Pleura.

Adorable Curved Sissies Value Puny Porn

Question 6

Posterior relations with trachea

Answer 6

➢Esophagus.

➢Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Question 7

Anterior relations of esophagus:

Answer 7

trachea

the left vagus

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

the left principal bronchus

the pericardium

Question 8

Posterior relations with esophagus

Answer 8

• T1-T12
  -thoracic duct
  -azygus vein
• rt vagus nerve
• posterior intercostal arteries
  -descending aorta (lower end)

Question 9

What structures pass the diaphragm through Aortic opening and at what level

Answer 9

Aorta (becomes abdominal aorta)
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct

At T12

Question 10

What structures pass the diaphragm through Esophageal opening and at what level

Answer 10

-esophagus
- lt/rt vegus nerves
- gastric lynphatics

At T10

Question 11

What structures pass the diaphragm through caval opening and at what level

Answer 11

-inferior vena cava
- rt phrenic nerve

At T8

Question 12

What veins form the azygos vein

Answer 12

• rt subcostal vein
• rt ascending lumbar vein

Question 13

What veins form the inferior hemizygous vein

Answer 13

• Lt subcostal vein
• Lt ascending lumbar vein

Question 14

Branches of vagus nerve

Answer 14

• Recurrent laryngeal nerve
• cardia branches
• Esophageal branches
• Pulmonary branches