Mediastinal Tumors

Question 1

sarcoidosis

Answer 1

immune mediated, non-caseating granuloma which is a benign disease associated with restrictive lug disease that causes *enlarged bilateral mediastinal hilar LAP. on microscopy: asteroids
lab: increased vit.D–>hypercalcemia

Question 2

<2cm ………. may be assymptomatic

Answer 2

thymoma

Question 3

what is the most common symptom of mediastinal tumor invasion?

Answer 3

cough

Question 4

the invasion of which part of the lung causes pain?

Answer 4

parietal pleura

Question 5

in which part of the mediastinal does a tumor cause dysphagia by compression on esophagus?

Answer 5

posterior mediastinal

Question 6

compression of which nerve causes hoarseness?

Answer 6

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 7

compression on sympathetic chain or brachial plexus causes which disease?

Answer 7

Horner syndrome (best dx by MRI)

Question 8

invasion of phrenic nerve causes…?

Answer 8

diaphragm paralysis

Question 9

which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of pheochrmocytoma or neuroblastoma?

Answer 9

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (iobenguane i-131)

Question 10

which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of lymmphoma?

Answer 10

gallium

Question 11

which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of thyroid medullary tumor or parathyroid tumor?

Answer 11

Tc99 sestamibi scintigraphy

Question 12

which tumor marker is used for detection of non-seminomatous GERM CELL tumor(s.a choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma)

Answer 12

Alpha-feto-protein
Beta-HCG
LDH

Question 13

which tumor marker is used for detection of seminoma (anterior mediastinal GERM CELL tm; doesn’t require surgery)

Answer 13

PLAP

Question 14

**what are Prevascular(anterior) compartment mediastinal tumors

Answer 14

4 T’s
Thymoma(thymus tm)
T cell lymphoma
Thyroid tm
Teratomas?
Thymic cyst
Thymic cyst

Question 15

thymic mass with clear margin with tumor like opacity with lobular nodule features

Answer 15

thymoma

Question 16

if flat squeezed tissue thymic mass is shown on imaging

Answer 16

thymic hyperplasia

Question 17

in which mediastinal tumor is a biopsy contraindicated?

Answer 17

thymoma; bcz it may spread if capsule is broken

Question 18

what is the most common anterior/prevascular mediastinal tumor?

Answer 18

thymoma (immediate resection; no biopsy)

Question 19

what are the structures that mediastinal neurogenic tumors originate from

Answer 19

vagus n
phrenic n
sympathetic chain
spinal nerve

Question 20

A …………. is a type of tumor that can contain multiple types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. These tissues typically arise from germ cell layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), which are the building blocks. They can occur in various locations including the ovaries, testes, sacrococcygeal region (at the base of the spine), mediastinum, and other sites.

Answer 20

teratoma

Question 21

tx of lymphoma?

Answer 21

chemotherapy

Question 22

location of lymphoma?

Answer 22

middle and may spread to anterior mediastinum

Question 23

location of thymic cyst

Answer 23

anterior mediastinum

Question 24

location of teratoma

Answer 24

anterior mediastinum

Question 25

most common tumor of the lung that spread to heart?

Answer 25

cardiac angiosarcoma/ myxoma; middle

Question 26

location of intrathoracic thyroid tumor

Answer 26

anterior mediastinum

Question 27

location of thymoma

Answer 27

anterior mediastinum

Question 28

esophageal cancer location?

Answer 28

posterior mediastinum

Question 29

which lesions originate from the middle mediastinum?

Answer 29

-lymphoma

-bronchogenic cyst

Question 30

**which lesions originate from the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 30

thymoma

thymic cyst

t cell lymphoma

thyroid tm

Question 31

which lesions originate from the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 31

-neurogenic tm

-enteric cyst=esophageal originated

Question 32

what is the difference between thymoma and thymic cyst?

Answer 32

THYMOMA are located in the anterior mediastinum ,lobulated and heterogenous with high opacity and high Hounsfield value ;hyperdense. must be resected with biopsy.

THYMIC CYST: are located anteriorly and are homogenous with clean margins and are hypodense bcz they are filled with fluid and has low opacity and low HU,

Question 33

what is the name of the artery that supplies the spinal cord

Answer 33

Aorta–>T9–>intercostal artery–> ADAMKIEWICZ ARTERY–>supply the spinal cord