Mediastinal Tumors Flashcards
sarcoidosis
immune mediated, non-caseating granuloma which is a benign disease associated with restrictive lug disease that causes *enlarged bilateral mediastinal hilar LAP. on microscopy: asteroids
lab: increased vit.D–>hypercalcemia
<2cm ………. may be assymptomatic
thymoma
what is the most common symptom of mediastinal tumor invasion?
cough
the invasion of which part of the lung causes pain?
parietal pleura
in which part of the mediastinal does a tumor cause dysphagia by compression on esophagus?
posterior mediastinal
compression of which nerve causes hoarseness?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
compression on sympathetic chain or brachial plexus causes which disease?
Horner syndrome (best dx by MRI)
invasion of phrenic nerve causes…?
diaphragm paralysis
which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of pheochrmocytoma or neuroblastoma?
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (iobenguane i-131)
which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of lymmphoma?
gallium
which radionuclide imaging is used for detection of thyroid medullary tumor or parathyroid tumor?
Tc99 sestamibi scintigraphy
which tumor marker is used for detection of non-seminomatous GERM CELL tumor(s.a choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma)
Alpha-feto-protein
Beta-HCG
LDH
which tumor marker is used for detection of seminoma (anterior mediastinal GERM CELL tm; doesn’t require surgery)
PLAP
**what are Prevascular(anterior) compartment mediastinal tumors
4 T’s
Thymoma(thymus tm)
T cell lymphoma
Thyroid tm
Teratomas?
Thymic cyst
Thymic cyst
thymic mass with clear margin with tumor like opacity with lobular nodule features
thymoma
if flat squeezed tissue thymic mass is shown on imaging
thymic hyperplasia
in which mediastinal tumor is a biopsy contraindicated?
thymoma; bcz it may spread if capsule is broken
what is the most common anterior/prevascular mediastinal tumor?
thymoma (immediate resection; no biopsy)
what are the structures that mediastinal neurogenic tumors originate from
vagus n
phrenic n
sympathetic chain
spinal nerve
A …………. is a type of tumor that can contain multiple types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone. These tissues typically arise from germ cell layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), which are the building blocks. They can occur in various locations including the ovaries, testes, sacrococcygeal region (at the base of the spine), mediastinum, and other sites.
teratoma
tx of lymphoma?
chemotherapy
location of lymphoma?
middle and may spread to anterior mediastinum
location of thymic cyst
anterior mediastinum
location of teratoma
anterior mediastinum
most common tumor of the lung that spread to heart?
cardiac angiosarcoma/ myxoma; middle
location of intrathoracic thyroid tumor
anterior mediastinum
location of thymoma
anterior mediastinum
esophageal cancer location?
posterior mediastinum
which lesions originate from the middle mediastinum?
-lymphoma
-bronchogenic cyst
**which lesions originate from the anterior mediastinum?
thymoma
thymic cyst
t cell lymphoma
thyroid tm
which lesions originate from the posterior mediastinum?
-neurogenic tm
-enteric cyst=esophageal originated
what is the difference between thymoma and thymic cyst?
THYMOMA are located in the anterior mediastinum ,lobulated and heterogenous with high opacity and high Hounsfield value ;hyperdense. must be resected with biopsy.
THYMIC CYST: are located anteriorly and are homogenous with clean margins and are hypodense bcz they are filled with fluid and has low opacity and low HU,
what is the name of the artery that supplies the spinal cord
Aorta–>T9–>intercostal artery–> ADAMKIEWICZ ARTERY–>supply the spinal cord
