Media Studies

Question 1

Parallel platformization

Answer 1

Practices of platforms that are developed by the same entity, offer nearly the same features, but differ in their infrastructures, governance, and market

Question 2

Platform localization/regionalization

Answer 2

When developers adapt existing platforms to new markets

Question 3

Platformization theory

Answer 3

Provides a conceptual framework to understand the institutional dimensions of digital platforms and how these shape economic sectors and spheres of life

Question 4

Culture production theory

Answer 4

Culture production theory examines the processes and dynamics involved in the creation, distribution, and consumption of cultural products. The theory explores the relationships between creators, industries, audiences, and the broader cultural context.

Question 5

UGC

Answer 5

User Generated Content

Question 6

PGC

Answer 6

Professionally generated content

Question 7

Internet platform labour

Answer 7

Users hardly feel like they are engaging in labor, but create economic value

Question 8

Circumscribed creativity

Answer 8

Creative potential being shaped or guided by platformization. E.g TikTok foster creation by facilitating easy creation

Question 9

Short video

Answer 9

Video content that is shorter than 5 min and distributed via digital media platforms. It includes low cost production, highly spreadable content and blurry boundaries between producers and consumers

Question 10

Adpocalypse

Answer 10

Concentrated efforts of brands to boycott Youtube Advertising since problematic content could appear alongside their ads

Question 11

Platformization

Answer 11

Platform and cultural producers interacts and generate a process (shift in relations) called platformization. The process by which online applications shape cultural and social lives through their infrastructures, business models, and governance. It is when economies and cultures start to change around the platform. Platformization consist of the three dimensions infrastructures, markets and governance.

Question 12

Cultural producers/production

Answer 12

Actors and org engaged in the creation, distrubution, marketing and monetization of symbolic artefacts

Question 13

Cultural intermediaries

Answer 13

A second category of industry actors active on platforms. Describe the range of participants that broker and facilitate cultural creation, distribution, marketing, and monetization through platforms. For i.g advertisers, talent agencies etc.

Question 14

Complementors

Answer 14

Independet providers of complementary products to mutual customers. From the perspective of platform companies, cultural producers, cultural intermediaries, and advertisers are all considered to be complementors.

Question 15

Platform-dependent producers

Answer 15

Rely on platforms in the creation, distribution, marketing, and monetization of content and services

Question 16

Platform-independent producers

Answer 16

Pursue these activities separately from platforms

Question 17

Technological determinism

Answer 17

When technology start to determine how societies develop

Question 18

Ethnocultural approach

Answer 18

Aggravating a big group of people into one category

Question 19

Apps

Answer 19

Understood in the sense of ‘software applications’, apps are a subset of computer programs: they are computer programs that solve particular, often singular, user needs – originally, business needs

Question 20

Platforms

Answer 20

Data infrastructures that facilitate, aggregate, monetize, and govern interactions between end-users and content and service providers

Question 21

Data infrastructures

Answer 21

Supported by large data centers where all the data of the platform is stored (videos, text, photos etc). Not only stored but also exchanged with other entities. Used for advertisement etc

Question 22

Features

Answer 22

Software-produced visual elements on an interface, features such as the favorite and like buttons say and suggest things

Question 23

Affordances

Answer 23

A feature of something that makes you use it in a certain way. Can be understood as the actionable possibilities that a medium or object offers to users

Question 24

Lower level affordances

Answer 24

What one can do on the platform (e.g like, comment etc) (synonymous with features) (lower level are embedded in bigger constructions)

Question 25

Higher level affordances

Answer 25

Social structures that flow in the tech. More complex and abstract functionalities that go beyond basic functionalities. E.g Personalized Recommendations: Streaming services like Netflix and music platforms like Spotify use algorithms to offer personalized content recommendations based on user preferences.

Question 26

User interface

Answer 26

What I see when I use a platform

Question 27

Application programmer interface

Answer 27

The platform “from behind”

Question 28

Walkthrough method

Answer 28

A systematic, step-by-step examination or exploration of a particular media work. The method aims to provide a detailed understanding of the various elements and aspects present in the media content. It provides a structured approach to understanding and analyzing the various elements and dimensions within the media by for e.g engaging with app’s interface to understand how it guides users and shape their experiences

Question 29

Multi-sided markets

Answer 29

Platform markets are multi-sided markets. Different actors are connected through the platform. E.g connect end-user with content creators, sponsors etc.

Question 30

Network effect

Answer 30

The value of a product or service increases as more people use it. A platform becomes more succesful/attractive when connecting different networks together. E.g the more content creators, the more end-user etc

Question 31

Winner takes it all

Answer 31

Multi-sided markets can create a a winner-takes-all dynamic where the stars keep becoming bigger and hard for others to break through

Question 32

Planetary Scale Computation

Answer 32

Refers to a global network of interconnected computers and devices working together. It involves using vast resources distributed worldwide to process and store massive amounts of data

Platforms are becoming underpin infrastructures to other industries. E.g VPN

Question 33

Platform Evolution

Answer 33

The adjustment process for platforms (dynamism) makes cultural producers continuously having to adjust as well.