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History: British Society > Media, communications and leisure 1960-79 > Flashcards

Media, communications and leisure 1960-79 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did BBC not become the only broadcaster in Britain?

A

1955, when ITV started broadcasting as well.

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2
Q

What did the Television Act force ITV to do?

A

In 1964, it forced ITV to show more plays and current affairs, which led to the launch of BBC 2 in April 1964.

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3
Q

When did colour broadcasting begin?

A

1967

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4
Q

What percentage of TV’s had been set to colour by 1979?

A

70%

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5
Q

How long did people watch TV for in the late 1970’s per week?

A
  • 16 hours in the summer.
  • 20 hours in the winter.
    (- this was twice as much as in Belgium, Italy or Sweden)
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6
Q

What were some things that happened as a result of the TV increase?

A
  • It blurred some class distinctions.

- It helped spread new fashions more quickly.

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7
Q

How many people regularly tuned in to watch ‘coronation street’?

A

20 million - it was launched in December 1960

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8
Q

How many people watched ‘that was the week that was’ (TW3)?

A

12 million

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9
Q

Who was concerned about the influence of TW3?

A

Mary Whitehouse as she thought that those large audiences had the potential to influence popular attitudes.

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10
Q

What did Mary Whitehouse do?

A

She started a petition to ‘clean up TV’. She gained 500,000 signatures before sending it to the queen.

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11
Q

What impact did the television have on newspapers?

A

The total sales of newspapers went down from 17 million in 1951 to 14.6 million in 1970.

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12
Q

What newspaper in particular took certain measures to counter the fall of newspaper sells?

A

The Sun, which focused in particular on television stars, sex, scandal and humour. They overtook the Daily Mirror by 1979.

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13
Q

How many cinemas were there in 1960 compared to 1965?

A 
1960 = 3,000
1965 = 1,960
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14
Q

What was the annual ticket sales for cinemas in 1964 compared to 1974?

A 
1964 = 340 million
1974 = 140 million
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15
Q

What would cinemas be replaced with?

A

Pubs, nightclubs or bingo halls

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16
Q

How many TV licenses were sold in 1955 compared to 1979?

A 
1955 = 344,000
1979 = 18 million
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17
Q

Why did radio’s become more popular throughout the 1960’s and 1970’s? (5 things)

A
  • The rise in portable transistor radios in the 1960’s
  • Important changes to BBC radio broadcasting in 1967
  • The sale increase of car radios in the 1970’s
  • The abolition of radio licenses in 1971
  • The growth of local commercial radio after 1973
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18
Q

When did the BBC not become the only legal radio broadcaster anymore?

A

1973

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19
Q

Why was BBC reluctant to play rock & roll?

A

It promoted rowdy and violent behaviour

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20
Q

What the two most popular radio stations from 1964 and how many listeners did they have?

A

Radio London and Radio Caroline. By 1967, when the government tried to ban them, they had between 10-15 million listeners.

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21
Q

What was BBC’s response to the pirate radio stations?

A

In 1967, they introduced Radio 1 and Radio 2. Radio 2 being the station devoted to younger listeners.

22
Q

By who was the record industry dominated?

A

Decca and EMI. They British stars if rock & roll, like Cliff Richard, the Rolling Stones and the Beatles.

23
Q

What were the keys to success for Decca and EMI?

A
  • Transistor radios (small, portable radios)
  • Extended-play (EP) vinyl records (small, cheap LP’s but with only the top 4-6 sings of an album)
  • The jukebox (could hold over 500 EP’s and by 1960 there were over 7,000 in milk bars, coffee bars and cafes)
24
Q

What were the most famous films by the Beatles?

A

A Hard Day’s Night (1964) and Help! (1965)

25
Q

Why did teenagers have a more distinct, visible identity in the 1960’s compared to the 1950’s?

A
  • The post-war ‘baby boom’ meant there were over 1 million more teenagers in 1965 compared to 1951.
  • A better, richer diet mean children went through puberty faster, at 13 rather than 16.
  • The extension of school-leaving age from 15 to 16 meant more were spending time with their friends than doing apprenticeship.
  • The growth of production-line technology meant more unskilled teenagers could earn more and spend that on entertainment or fashion.
26
Q

What were some of the most popular ‘identities’ (gangs) in the 1960’s and 1970’s?

A

Mods, Rockers, Beatniks, Skinheads, Glam Rockers and Punks.

27
Q

What were the views upon the different ‘identities’?

A

Young: just a sense of having fun and having an ‘identity’
Old: felt that British youth was out of control, in a way that never happened ‘in their day’.

28
Q

Were the young being any more disrespectful, violent or drunk than they had been in previous generations?

A

No

29
Q

How many marijuana-possession arrests in 1960 compared to 1973?

A 
1960 = 235
1973 = 11,000
30
Q

What was one of the most famous clashes between Mods and Rockers?

A

The battle of Brighton

31
Q

What was the British Invasion?

A

In 1964, they lead the invasion of the US pop charts.

32
Q

What lead to John Lennon humorously saying that they were more popular than Jesus?

A

By 1966, they had been awarded MBE’s for their service to British exports.

33
Q

Who did the Beatles sign as their manager?

A

In late 1961, they signed businessman Brian Epstein.

34
Q

Who did the Beatles sign as their producer?

A

In 1962, they signed to EMI records by producer George Martin.

35
Q

What street was known as the ‘epicentre’ of swinging London?

A

From 1964 to 1967, Carnaby street was the place to be.

36
Q

Who inspired and helped spread new fashions?

A

Mary Quant, David Bailey, Jean Shrimpton and Twiggy

37
Q

What type of car did the beagle make famous?

A

The Mini

38
Q

What became a symbol of ‘cool modernity’ and ‘cool Britannia’?

A

Cool modernity = Union Jack Flag

Cool Britannia = James Bond (movies like Thunderbolt-1965)

39
Q

How many people did gardening in 1970?

A

In 1970, 29 million people did gardening, making it the 2nd most popular leisure activity (after TV)

40
Q

When did England win the World Cup?

A

1966

41
Q

Why did football popularity decrease in late 1960’s and early 1970’s?

A

Rise of hooliganism - more young fans went to away matches

42
Q

What did the Wales rugby team show for Wales?

A

Patriotism as it was their great national pride.

43
Q

Why did people feel that Britain was becoming more democratised?

A
  • People from ordinary background could become famous and successful in creative industries
  • Fashions obscured class boundaries
  • More regional accents could be heard on radio and TV
  • The hippy movement (‘free love’) represented a more liberal attitude to things (sex before marriage to homosexuality)
44
Q

What are some arguments for and against revolution in attitudes of ‘swinging sixties’?

A

For: The 1960’s were a major watershed between Victorian values and rise of the modern ‘permissive society’.
Against: There was only ‘Swinging London’. It takes money to enjoy a fashionable lifestyle and poverty was still a major issue in Britain, so ‘Swinging sixties’ was not very typical in all of Britain, mostly only in London.

45
Q

How many people watched TV as a pastime in 1970?

A

97%

46
Q

How many people went to the pub as a pastime in 1970?

A

52%

47
Q

How many sport centres were around in 1970 in England compared to 1979?

A 
1970 = 27
1979 = 500+
48
Q

How many weeks of paid holiday did the average worker have in 1960 compared to 1975?

A 
1960 = 2 weeks
1975 = 3 weeks
49
Q

How many foreign holidays were around in 1970 compared to 1973 and 1981?

A 
1970 = 4 million
1973 = 9 million
1981 = 13 million
50
Q

What were some things that became more common in the 1970’s that would have shocked people in the 1960’s?

A
  • Wine consumption doubled in the 1960’s and again in the 1970’s
  • Continental lager was on,y available in 3% of the beer market in 1960; by 1970, almost every pub offered things lagers like Skol and Carling Black Label
  • Greek and Italian food was becoming more popular
  • Britain joined the European Economic Community in 1973

History: British Society (4 decks)

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