media

Question 1

Neo Marxist Scholars - Media

Answer 1

Adorno and Horkheimer
Franfurt school
They began to consider the media as a tool of oppression. It is not independent or unbiased, it is an aspect of operationalising power.
media to allow the public to sit passively before cultural content
Theorised that this change in experience made people intellectually inactive and politically passive

Question 2

Cohen and Young - media

Answer 2

Media as a manufactured presentation of crime - more focus on serious crime
Leads us to form judgements with little reflection

Question 3

Cultural Relativism - media

Answer 3

the idea that a person’s views, values and practices should be understood in terms of that person’s own culture rather than be judged against any other criteria.

Question 4

Cultural and subjective constructivism- Media

Answer 4

asserts that knowledge and reality are a product of their cultural contexts so different cultures will see things differently

Question 5

Chibnall (1977)

Answer 5

A study - Found that stories became news if they fitted with ideas about Britishness. Stories that reassure protection of British values
Crime is popular because it challenges these values but it can be condemned so it’s useful
crime helps restore a sense of calm that order can be maintained and the world is safe.

Question 6

Cohen - media

Answer 6

‘Folk, Devils and Moral Panics’ (1972)
Moral panic essentially when fear is far disproportionate to the reality of the threat!
Post War leading to more disposable income and the leisure industry was starting to emerge and grow
Young people became more visible and subcultures emerged ( mod rockers, skin heads, hippies)
Easier to label
Cohen recognised this link between young people and news portrayal of deviancy, specifically relating to working class youths and their culture.

Question 7

Jewkes

Answer 7

audiences are gullible
critique of Cohen

Question 8

Waddington

Answer 8

impossible to determine whether concern about any…problem is justified or not.”
Reduces official media concerns about things to merely moral panics without any substance or justification

Question 9

Goode and Ben-Yehuda, 2009

Answer 9

Difference between ‘plentiful moral crusades’ and ‘much rarer moral panics’

Question 10

McRobbie and Thornton, 1995: 561

Answer 10

Outdatedness? - Lack of consideration of the effects of the internet and digital technologies (esp social media) on moral panics – has changed the locus of definitional power

Question 11

Christie (1986)

Answer 11

Ideal victim
Hierarchy of Victimisation
These victims often receive a collective mourning amongst the population (nationally and globally)
Ideal victim = Undeserving victim
Stephen Lawrence v Damiola Taylor
- media sensationalism
- deviancy amplification
- labelling

Question 12

Munice

Answer 12

Deviancy amplification
the process whereby the media, police, public and political reaction to non-conformity acts not to control deviancy but has the obverse reaction of increasing it” (Muncie, 2013, p136)