Gender and crime Flashcards
Collier
hegemonic masculinity in relation to crime refers to a “range of popular ideologies or what constitute ideal or actual characteristics of ‘being a man’” (1998: 21).
Messerschmidt (2003)
Different crimes used by different men in the construction of masculinities
people may enhance masculinities by committing different types of crime
(Jefferson, 2013: 216)
The set of ideas, values, representations and practices associated with ‘being male’ which is commonly accepted as the dominant position in gender relations in a society at a particular moment’
Solea and Sugiura (2023)
Examination of incel activity on mainstream social media platforms
TikTok: 2 accounts, 52 videos, 1657 comments
Background context of rise of anti-feminist/anti-women ‘influencers, such as Andrew Tate
Promotion into the mainstream of such figures by social media platforms
Fringe/extreme ideologies infiltrate mainstream platforms and from there go on to influence mainstream culture, beliefs and practices
Intersection of online harms with real physical harms can generate technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV)
Barbara Wootton, 1959)
If men behaved like women the courts would be idle and the prisons empty
Heimer et al. (2006):
In places and times when women are socioeconomically disadvantaged relative to men, women account for a larger proportion of arrests
As women’s unemployment rates increase relative to those of men, women account for a larger proportion of arrests
(E&W, Scotland, US, Canada, Australia).
Young women commit around one quarter of all violent offences resulting in a young person entering youth/juvenile justice systems for the first time (
1970s ‘liberation hypothesis’ (Adler, 1975
rising female crime rates attributed to growing number of women adopting ‘male roles’ (esp. paid employment) and to women’s increasing expectations and opportunities
Box and Hale, (UK, 1980s)
argued that the sex composition of the police force (growing numbers of female officers), but not the ‘masculinisation’ of women’s roles, was significantly related to conviction rates for female violent offending. Media exaggeration of female violence had “sensitized both public and police to the alleged relationship between violence and female emancipation [leading to] a harsher stance towards females suspected of violence” (1983: 43).
Burman, 2004)
Girls may consider verbal abuse more damaging than physical violence
Daly, 1992):
‘Harmed-and-harming’ women
‘Leading feminist scenario’
Abused or neglected as a child;
Identified as a ‘problem child’; acts out;
Becomes violent when drinking alcohol;
May be drug-addicted;
May have psychological problems;
Unable to cope with current situation.
Cobbina et al., 2016)
Situational context of violence
Cobbina et al. (2016) studied narrative accounts of 153 violent and non-violent conflicts by African-American adolescent girls and boys (aged 12-19) in St. Louis, Missouri.
Research took place in stressed neighbourhoods characterised by racial segregation, poverty, social isolation, high rates of violent crime, etc.
Much of gender difference in likelihood of violent conflict tied to situational context: where conflicts took place, how many disputants involved and role of third parties in escalating or joining in conflicts.
Batchelor et al., 2001; Pearce, 2004; Phillips, 2003)
Many young women see violence as ‘normal’ and routine, but rare for girls to use physical violence regularl
Crenshaw,1991
Anti-essentialist perspective
all women(’s situations) are different and there is no essential (criminal) woman
