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Year 3 - Infectious Disease > MedEd Infection 2 > Flashcards

MedEd Infection 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis vs encephalitis

A

Meningitis - affects old or young people, mainly bacterial

Encephalitis - inflammation of brain itself, mainly viral

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2
Q

Causes of meningitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae type B
Viral, fungal, parasites, non-infectious

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3
Q

Causes of encephalitis

A

Infectious and non infectious causes

Virus – main cause (herpesvirus)

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4
Q

Symptoms - meningitis vs encephalitis

A

Meningitis - photophobia, neck stiffness, headache, fever

Encephalitis - seizures, change in consciousness, personality changes, cranial nerve palsies, speech problems, motor and sensory deficit

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5
Q

How would you investigate for meningitis vs encephalitis

A

M - LP

E - Blood cultures, MRI, CSF analysis

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6
Q

Management of meningitis

A

Empirical antimicrobial therapy - ceftriaxone and vancomycin

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7
Q

Neonatal infection post extended labour

A

Group B streptococci

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8
Q

Late neonatal infection

A

E-coli

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9
Q

Key neonatal infection

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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10
Q

Gram negative diplocci in children and teenagers

A

Nisseria meningitis

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11
Q

Meningitis in unvaccinated children

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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12
Q

Meningitis in adults - gram positive cocci

A

Strepococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Meningitis in elderly after drinking unpasteurised milk, cheese, or in alcoholics

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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14
Q

Signs in meningitis

A 
Brudzinki - flexing neck flexes knees
Kernig's - difficulty extending knee
Fever
Tachycardia
Hypotension
Skin rash - meningococcal septicemia 
Altered mental state
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15
Q

Invx for meningitis

A

Two sets of blood cultures
CT to exclude intracranial pressure
Lumbar puncture

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16
Q

Non blanching rash or meningococcal septicemia - mx

A

Admit and give single dose IV benzylpenecillin

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17
Q

Bacterial meningitis mx

A

IV ceftriaxone

+ dexamethasone but AVOID if meningococcal septicemia

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18
Q

3 main bacterium in neonates

A

Group B strep
E coli
Listeria

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19
Q

Mx for listeria

A

Ampicillin

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20
Q

Encephalitis mx

A

IV acyclovir for herpes

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21
Q

Neisseria meningitis mx

A

Rifampicin or ciprofloxacilin

22
Q

Infective endocarditis after abnormal valves e.g. calcification

A

Streptococcus viridans or Streptococcus bovis

23
Q

Infective endocarditis after prosthetic heart valves / IVDU

A

Staphylococci - TR

24
Q

Other causes of infective endocarditis

A

HACEK (Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella), Coxiella burnetii, histoplasma.

25
Q

Key invx for IE

A

3 blood cultures, 1 hr apart

Echo

26
Q

Complications of infective endocarditis

A

HF
Valve incompetence
GN - due to emboli

27
Q

Management of infective endocarditis if the pt has prosthetic valves

A

Prosthetic Valves

Staphylococci = Flucloxacillin/Vancomycin + rifampicin + gentamicin for 4-6 weeks

28
Q

Management of infective endocarditis if the pt has native valves and a staph aureas infection

A

Flucoxacillin

29
Q

Management of IE if pt has native valves and penicillin sensitive strep viridans infection

A

Benzylpenecillin and gentamycin

30
Q

If the pt is allergic to penecillin, what do you give?

A

Vancomycin

31
Q

Viral causes of gastroenteritis

A

Rotavirus (most common)

32
Q

Bacterial causes of gastroenteritis

A 
Campylobacter jejuni
E coli
Slamonella
Vibrio cholerae
Listeria
Yersinia enterocolitica
33
Q

Protazoal causes of gasteroenteritis

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia

34
Q

Causes of dysentry (bloody diarrhoea)

A 
CHESS
Campylobacter/c diff
Haemorrhagic ecoli
Entamoeba histolytica
Shigella
Salmonella
35
Q

Diarrhoea after abx use

A

C diff

36
Q

Diarrhoea 1-6hr after eating

A

Staph aureas

37
Q

Diarrhoea after eating leafy greens

A

Ecoli

38
Q

Diarrhoea after reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus

39
Q

Diarrhoea after chicken/poultry

A

Campylobacter

40
Q

Diarrhoea after eggs

A

Salmonella

41
Q

Diarrhoea that looks like rice water / after poor sanitation

A

Vibrio cholera

42
Q

Diarrhoea after travelling to tropical places

A

Entamoeba histolytica

43
Q

Bloody diarrhoea after eating leafy veg

A

Haemorrhagic e coli - HUS

44
Q

Diarrhoea in gay people

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Shigella

45
Q

Invx for diarrhoea

A

Examine mucous membranes for skin turgor and cap refill to check dehydration

BP + HR to check for shock
Temp

Low K+ = severe D and V

Stool MC and S

46
Q

Mx of diarrhoea if not in shock

A

Supportive therapy - fliuds, electrolyte replacement, rehydration etc

47
Q

Mx of diarrhoea if in shock, temp over 39, dehydration, more than 2 weeks or visible blood

A

Admit and give oral fluids -give IV if vomiting severely

Abx

48
Q

Invx for ‘cyclical fevers’ and what this means

A

Giemsa thick and think - malaria

Thick - to investigate current parasites
Thin - to identify species

49
Q

Mx of chronic Hep B

A

Tenofovir

or Peginterferon Alpha

50
Q

Mx for hep A and E

A

Avoid alcohol

51
Q

Most common UTI organism and its gram staining

A

Ecoli - gram negative bacilli, positive nitrites

Year 3 - Infectious Disease (5 decks)

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